2022-2023學年山東省濰坊市普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試模擬卷英語試題（一）

2023年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試(模擬卷)英語(一)(滿分120分考試時間120分鐘)注意事項：1.答題前，考生務必用黑色簽字筆將自己的姓名、考生號和座位號填寫在答題卡上，并認真核對條形碼上的信息，核對無誤后將條形碼橫貼在答題卡“條形碼粘貼處”。因筆試不考聽力，試題卷從第二部分的“閱讀”開始，題目序號從“21”開始。2.作答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，須用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目選項的答案信息點涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再改涂其他答案;非選擇題須用黑色簽字筆作答，答案須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內相應位置上，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效。如需改動，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案;禁止使用涂改液和修正帶;不按以上要求作答的答案無效，在試題卷上作答一律無效!3.保持答題卡字跡工整，卡面清潔，不折疊、不破損。4.考試結束后，將試題卷和答題卡一并交回。第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題，每小題分，滿分分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AIntheUK,thebestracecoursesareinallcomersofthecountry,whichmeansthatitisaccessibleforallfansofthesporttoseethebiggeststars.So,whatarethefourbestracecoursesintheUK?CheltenhamNothingcomesclosetoexcitementlevelswhentheCheltenhamFestivalisapproaching.ItisthehomeofNationalHuntracing,andeveryyearmillionsoffansaregluedtothehorseracingonthetrack.Itisthefestivalforthedie-hardloversofthesport,astheracingtakesfrontandcentreoftheattentionasthebiggestprizesarehandedout.AintreeTheracethatdrawstheviewerstothesportistheGrandNational.TheraceisanessentialpartofBritishlife,aseveryonemakesahabitofwatchingtheraceannuallywithfriendsandfamily.Itisaperfectcourseforvisitorstoo,asitissituatedjustashortdistanceoutsideofLiverpool.ThereisextraemphasisonfashionwhenattendingAintree.AscotForloversofflatracing,Ascotmeetingsareamust.ThebiggestoftheseasonisRoyalAscot,whichisoneofthemostuniqueoftheseasonasQueenElizabethattendsitherself.Thisisoneofthemostfashionableracedaysonthecalendar,asallvisitorsenteringcertainzonesmustbewearingatophat.However,thereisnobetterreasontogetdressedup.NewmarketNewmarketisahotbedfullofracingfans,andisamust-visitforallloversofthesport.Itistheheadquartersofflatracing,asthewholetownisdevotedtothesport.Therearetworacecourses,theJulyCourseandtheRowleyMile.ThefinalracedayoftheseasontakesplaceinOctober.Regardlessofwhenyouvisitintheseason,youwillfeastyoureyes!1.WhatisthehighlightofCheltenhamFestival?A.Itoffersgrandprizes.B.Itinvitesmanycelebrities.C.Itpromotesthelocaltourism.D.Itattractsamaximumoffans.2.WhatdoAintreeandAscothaveincommon?A.Theyareteam-centred.B.Theyareforflatracing.C.Theyareforroyalfamily.D.Theyarefashion-featured.3.WhatcanbelearnedaboutNewmarket?A.ThefinalraceisheldinJuly.B.Thecitizensarecrazyabouttherace.C.Thevisitorsarewelcomeallyeararound.D.Theracingfansareextremelyprofessional.【答案】1.A2.D3.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了英國最好的四個賽馬場的特色和受歡迎程度?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Newmarket中的“Itisthefestivalforthedie-hardloversofthesport,astheracingtakesfrontandcentreoftheattentionasthebiggestprizesarehandedout.（對于這項運動的鐵桿愛好者來說，這是一個節(jié)日，因為賽車會成為人們關注的焦點，因為最高的獎品會被分發(fā)出去。）”可知，切爾滕納姆節(jié)的亮點是它提供大獎。故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Aintree中的“ThereisextraemphasisonfashionwhenattendingAintree.（參加安特里的時候會特別強調時尚。）”以及Ascot中的“Thisisoneofthemostfashionableracedaysonthecalendar,asallvisitorsenteringcertainzonesmustbewearingatophat.（這是日歷上最時尚的賽日之一，因為所有進入特定區(qū)域的游客都必須戴上大禮帽。）”可知，安特里和阿斯科特共同之處在于它們具有時尚特色。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Newmarketisahotbedfullofracingfans,andisamust-visitforallloversofthesport.Itistheheadquartersofflatracing,asthewholetownisdevotedtothesport.（紐馬克特是賽車愛好者的溫床，也是所有賽車愛好者的必去之地。它是平地賽車的總部，因為整個城市都致力于這項運動。）”可推斷，市民們對比賽都很狂熱。故選B。BYoumightthinkofmartialartsmovieswhenyouseepeopleperforminggracefulmovesdowntheriver,allstandingonabamboostrip,butactuallyitisaformofintangibleculturalheritage:bamboodrifting.Over2,000yearsago,thehigh-qualitywood,nanmu,inGuizhouwasingreatdemandbytheroyalcourtmorethan2,000kilometerstothenorth.Withnobettertransportation,peoplehadtostandononelogtodriftdowntheriver.Later,localpeoplebegantocompetealongthewayandthegameofwooddriftingwasborn.IntheQingDynasty,wooddriftingbecamebamboodriftingbecauseofbamboo’slowerprice.Duetotheskillsittakesforonetomasterthisact,bamboodriftingwasincludedinthenationalintangibleculturalheritagelistthisyear.YangLiu,a24-year-oldinheritorofbamboodrifting,learneditat7.“Usually,thebamboounderyourfeetisabout9meterslong,andthebambooinyourhandsisabout5meters.Ifthelengthordiameterofthebambooisnotlongenough,itwillnotfloat.Keepingourfeetfirmlypositionedonthenarrowbamboopoleisthekey,soweshouldfightagainstthecurrentbyconstantlychangingtheangle.Ilostmybalanceandfellinthewatermanytimeswhilepracticing.OnceIfell,IgaveitanothertryuntilIknewhowtohandlethemostdifficultpart.”shesaid.ThelovefortheancientskillkeepsYanggoing.Inthepast17years,shehasdriftedallyearround,inwintercoldandsummerheat.Ashanfuculturehasbeenontherise,Yangstartedwearinghanfuwhileperforming,creatingamorebeautifulfeel.In2020,Yangbegantoposthervideosonsocialmedia.“I'mextremelyproudtogetresponsesfromviewersthatbamboodriftingmakesthelinebetweenwhatispossibleandimpossibleunclear.It’smymissiontokeepitaliveandknowntomorepeople,”YangLiutoldChinaDaily.4.Whatcanbelearnedfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Themartialartsmovieisaformofculturalheritage.B.Nanmuwasdeliveredtothenorthbyland.C.BamboowascostlyinGuizhou2,000yearsago.D.Bamboodriftinginvolveslotsofskills.5.Whatisthebiggestchallengeinbamboodrifting?A.Findingtheproperbamboo. B.Holdingthebamboofirmlyinhands.C.Maintainingafixedangle. D.Keepingbalance.6.Whatdotheviewersthinkofbamboodrifting?A.Unbelievable. B.Impossible. C.Confusing. D.Complicated.7.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TransportingBamboodowntheRiver. B.IntangibleCulturalHeritageinGuizhou.C.BalancingwithGrace. D.YangLiu:aCreativePerformer.【答案】4.D5.D6.A7.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了國家非物質文化遺產——竹筏漂流，介紹了這項古老技藝的歷史、特點以及人們對竹筏漂流的看法。【4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Duetotheskillsittakesforonetomasterthisact,bamboodriftingwasincludedinthenationalintangibleculturalheritagelistthisyear.(由于這一動作需要很多技能，竹筏漂流今年被列入國家非物質文化遺產名錄)”可知，竹筏漂流需要很多技巧。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Keepingourfeetfirmlypositionedonthenarrowbamboopoleisthekey,soweshouldfightagainstthecurrentbyconstantlychangingtheangle.(在狹窄的竹竿上站穩(wěn)腳跟是關鍵，所以我們要不斷改變角度，與水流作斗爭)”可知，竹筏漂流最大的挑戰(zhàn)是保持平衡。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“I'mextremelyproudtogetresponsesfromviewersthatbamboodriftingmakesthelinebetweenwhatispossibleandimpossibleunclear.(從觀眾那里得到的反饋是，竹子漂流讓可能和不可能之間的界限變得模糊，我感到非常自豪)”可推知，觀眾認為竹子漂流不可思議。故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Youmightthinkofmartialartsmovieswhenyouseepeopleperforminggracefulmovesdowntheriver,allstandingonabamboostrip,butactuallyitisaformofintangibleculturalheritage:bamboodrifting.(當你看到人們站在竹條上，在江面上表演優(yōu)美的動作時，你可能會想到功夫電影，但實際上這是一種非物質文化遺產：竹筏漂流)”結合文章主要介紹了國家非物質文化遺產——竹筏漂流，介紹了這項古老技藝的歷史、特點以及人們對竹筏漂流的看法?？芍?，C選項“平衡與優(yōu)雅”最符合文章標題。故選C。CJobsthatusebothtechnicalandcreativethinkingareamongthefastest-growingandhighest-payingones,accordingtoanewreportfromBurningGlassTechnologies,ajobmarketanalytics(分析)companyinBoston.Itstudiedmillionsofjobpostingstobetterunderstandtheskillscompaniesrequire.Whattheydiscoveredwasthatmanywantworkerswithexperienceinsuchnewabilitiesasbig-data(數(shù)據(jù))gatheringandanalytics,ordesignusingdigitaltechnology.BurningGlasscameupwiththeterm“hybridjobs”todescribethesekindsofpositions,whichrequireskillsnotnormallyfoundtogether.Forexample,thesehybridjobsmightrequirepeoplewithskillsindatascienceandadvertising,orengineeringandsales.“Thejobsofthefuturedon’tinvolvejustoneskill,”saysMattSigelman,chiefmanagerofBurningGlass.Thecompanyexpectsgeneraljobgrowthofabout10%between2018and2028,butthehybridjobsby21%.What’smore,hybridjobspaymorethanpositionsthatcallforatraditionalsetofskills.Forexample,amarketingmanagermasteringadatabaseprogramgetspaid41%morethanatraditionalone,withanaverageyearlysalaryof$100,000.Moreover,anengineerwhoimproveshersalesskillsandbecomesaconsultingengineerforasoftwarecompanycanmorethandoubleherpayfrom$180,000to$400,000.Whiledatashowsthatworkerswhofailtoupdatetheirskillswillbeabletofindfewerjobs,peopleinhybridjobsarelesslikelytobecomeoutofdate,withonly12%possibilityofbeingreplacedbymachine,comparedwith42%forgeneraljobs,saysBurningGlass.Hybridjobsaremostlynotbeginnerroles,sotheymainlygotoworkerswithyearsofexperienceand,mostimportantly,moretrainingafterleavingcollege.Thatmeansworkers,bossesandeducatorswillhavetothinkabouthowtobetterpreparepeoplefortheseroles.8.Whydidthecompanyresearchintojobadvertisements?A.Tounderstandthegrowthofbestpaidworkers.B.Tocompareworkers’experiencewithnewabilities.C.Tofindoutcompanies’requirementsaboutskills.D.Totellthepossiblechangesinfuturejobmarket.9.Whichofthefollowingjobscanbehybrid?A.Dataengineer.B.Machineoperator.C.Marketingmanager.D.Medicalconsultant.10.Howmuchisatraditionalmarketingmanagerpossiblypaideveryyear?A.$180,000. B.$71,000. C.$41,000. D.$10,000.11.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.HowtoGetTrainedforJobsB.TheSkillsfor“Hybrid”JobsC.FutureJobsRequiring“Hybrid”SkillsD.TipsonFindingFastest-GrowingJobs【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了什么是復合型職業(yè)，闡述了未來找工作需要擁有多種技能?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Itstudiedmillionsofjobpostingstobetterunderstandtheskillscompaniesrequire.(為了更好地了解公司所需的技能，它研究了數(shù)百萬份招聘信息)”可知，公司研究招聘廣告是為了了解公司對技能的要求。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Forexample,thesehybridjobsmightrequirepeoplewithskillsindatascienceandadvertising,orengineeringandsales.(例如，這些復合型職業(yè)可能需要同時具備數(shù)據(jù)科學和廣告知識、或具備工程知識和銷售技能的人員)”結合選項可推知，數(shù)據(jù)工程師可以成為復合型職業(yè)。故選A。【10題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Forexample,amarketingmanagermasteringadatabaseprogramgetspaid41%morethanatraditionalone,withanaverageyearlysalaryof$100,000.(例如，掌握數(shù)據(jù)庫程序的營銷經(jīng)理的平均年薪為10萬美元，比傳統(tǒng)的經(jīng)理高出41%)”可推知，傳統(tǒng)營銷經(jīng)理的年薪可能為100000÷(1+0.41)≈71000美元。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀文章，再根據(jù)文章第一段“Jobsthatusebothtechnicalandcreativethinkingareamongthefastest-growingandhighest-payingones(同時使用技術和創(chuàng)造性思維的工作是增長最快、收入最高的工作)”以及最后一段“peopleinhybridjobsarelesslikelytobecomeoutofdate(從事復合型職業(yè)的人不太可能過時)”可推知，本文主要介紹了什么是復合型職業(yè)，闡述了未來找工作需要擁有多種技能。C項“FutureJobsRequiring“Hybrid”Skills(未來的工作需要“混合”技能)”符合文意，最適合作為本文標題。故選C。DItseemedinterestingthatontheeveofPrimeMinisterNarendraModi’sdepartureforFrance,theIndianandFrenchgovernmentsissuedsimilarstatementsontheprospectsofanagreementonthepurchaseoftheRafaleaircraft:thatnosingledealshouldbeallowedtoovershadowthePrimeMinister’svisit.Indeed,India-Francerelationsaremuchbiggerthananyonecontract;theyrepresenttheculturalaffinityl(密切關系)andhistoricrelationsbetweentwovibrant(醒目的)democracies.TheitemsonthePrimeMinister’sagendareflectedtherangeofcommonalities—fromthepreservationofancientarchitecturetothedevelopmentofPuducherryandChandigarhassmartcities;fromtheconstructionofsemi-high-speedrailwaylinestocooperationonaspacemissiontoMars;fromdiscussinganti-terrortrainingtotacklingclimatechangethroughrenewabletechnologiesandarobustnuclearpartnership.Theeconomicaspectoftherelationshiphasbeenignoredfortoolong.AlthoughmorethanathousandFrenchcompanieshaveatotalinvestmentofabout$20billioninIndia,bilateraltradeisworthjust$8billion.Whileallthisdeservedattention,itwasdisappointingthatthePrimeMinisterputthespotlightbackondefencetiesbymakingasurpriseannouncementonthepurchaseof36RafaleaircraftasthehighlightofhistalkswithPresidentFrancoisHollande.Iftheoutrightpurchasewasacrucialmilitarynecessity,itcouldhavebeendiscussedafewweeksbeforeorafterthevisit,asapoliticalpushforthedealwassecondarytothetechnicalspecificationsanddeliveryrequirements.Moreover,thedeal,whichinvolvespurchasingproductsofftheshelfabroad,detractsfromMr.Modi’s“MakeinIndia”initiative(主動性).ThebreakthroughontheArevanuclearequipmentdeal,ontheotherhand,showsthepositiveoutcomeofMr.Modi’sandMr.Hollande’spoliticalpush,combinedwitha“MakeinIndia”twist.AsinthecaseofIndo-U.S.nuclearnegotiations,Mr.ModiandMr.Hollandedecidedtoclearthelogjambysplittingtheproblemintodifferentsilos—allowingforseparatemechanismsforthepricingissuesandforthetechnicalandlegalaspects.ThesupplementarydealinvolvingArevaandL&Tproducingheavyforgingmetalcasingfornuclearreactorsisanimportantstepinlocalisingsomeoftheexpensiveparts.DuringhisvisittoCanada,wherehehopestosignadealforuraniumsupplies,Mr.Modimeanstotakeforwardhisplantoincreasenuclearenergyproduction.Giventhisobjective,itmaybeusefulforhimtoroundoffthevisitbydiscussinghisnuclearenergyplansinGermanyaswell,whichisnowwindingdownonnuclearpowerbutisatthecuttingedgeofnuclearsafetyresearchfortheEuropeanPressurisedReactorsthatarebeingconsideredforIndia.12.Whichofthefollowinggotthewholeattentionotherthanmanyimportantdeals?A.CooperationonaspacemissiontoMars. B.Anti-terrortraining.C.PurchaseofRafaleFighters. D.GeneralVKSingh’sremarkonthePress.13.WhichofthefollowingoptionisontheagendaofthePrimeMinisterNarendraModiasstatedabove?A.Preservationofancientarchitecture.B.DevelopmentofPuducherryandChandigarhassmartcities.C.Constructionofsemi-high-speedrailwaylines.D.Alloftheabove.14.ChooseanappropriateTitlefortheabovepassage:.A.TheBigDeal B.Modi’sSuccess C.Modi’stourtoFrance D.Rafaleandbeyond15.Whichofthefollowingisthemeaningoftheword‘logjam’?A.AlongtrafficjamduringPrimeMinisterModi’svisit.B.Astateofmindwhereyoucannotdecidewhattodo.C.Asituationthatseemslikeunabletobesettled.D.AplacefromwhereTheFrenchPresidentusedtowork.【答案】12.C13.D14.C15.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇新聞報道。文章講述了印度總理NarendraModi的法國之行中在法國簽署兩項協(xié)議的相關情況。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。由第一段中的“Whileallthisdeservedattention,itwasdisappointingthatthePrimeMinisterputthespotlightbackondefencetiesbymakingasurpriseannouncementonthepurchaseof36RafaleaircraftasthehighlightofhistalkswithPresidentFrancoisHollande.Iftheoutrightpurchasewasacrucialmilitarynecessity,itcouldhavebeendiscussedafewweeksbeforeorafterthevisit,asapoliticalpushforthedealwassecondarytothetechnicalspecificationsanddeliveryrequirements.Moreover,thedeal,whichinvolvespurchasingproductsofftheshelfabroad,detractsfromMr.Modi’s“MakeinIndia”initiative(主動性).(盡管所有這些都值得關注，但令人失望的是，總理出人意料地宣布購買36架“陣風”戰(zhàn)斗機，作為他與法國總統(tǒng)FrancoisHollande會談的重點，從而將焦點重新放在了國防關系上。如果直接購買是一項至關重要的軍事必要性，那么可以在訪問之前或之后幾周進行討論，因為政治上推動該交易的力度僅次于技術規(guī)格和交付要求。此外，該協(xié)議涉及到在國外購買現(xiàn)成產品，有損于Modi的“印度制造”計劃)”可知，印度總理NarendraModi要在法國購買36架“陣風”戰(zhàn)斗機，人們對此很失望、費解，可得出這一行為引起了人們的關注。故選C項。【13題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“TheitemsonthePrimeMinister’sagendareflectedtherangeofcommonalities—fromthepreservationofancientarchitecturetothedevelopmentofPuducherryandChandigarhassmartcities;fromtheconstructionofsemi-high-speedrailwaylinestocooperationonaspacemissiontoMars;fromdiscussinganti-terrortrainingtotacklingclimatechangethroughrenewabletechnologiesandarobustnuclearpartnership.(總理議程上的項目反映了一系列共同點——從古建筑的保護到普杜切里和昌迪加爾作為智慧城市的發(fā)展；從修建半高速鐵路到合作火星太空任務；從討論反恐培訓到通過可再生技術和強大的核伙伴關系應對氣候變化)”可知，納倫德拉·莫迪總理的議程上包括：古建筑保護、將普杜切里和昌迪加爾發(fā)展為智慧城市和修建半高速鐵路線。故選D項?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。第一段講述“印度總理NarendraModi在法國簽署購買36架“陣風”戰(zhàn)斗機協(xié)議的相關情況”和第二段講述“印度總理NarendraModi在法國簽署阿?，m核設備協(xié)議的相關情況”可知，文章主要講印度總理NarendraModi在法國簽署兩項協(xié)議的相關情況，C項“Modi的法國之行”符合文意。故選C項?！?5題詳解】詞句猜測題。第二段中的“ThebreakthroughontheArevanuclearequipmentdeal,ontheotherhand,showsthepositiveoutcomeofMr.Modi’sandMr.Hollande’spoliticalpush,combinedwitha“MakeinIndia”twist.AsinthecaseofIndo-U.S.nuclearnegotiations,Mr.ModiandMr.Hollandedecidedtoclearthelogjambysplittingtheproblemintodifferentsilos—allowingforseparatemechanismsforthepricingissuesandforthetechnicalandlegalaspects.(另一方面，阿?，m核設備協(xié)議的突破顯示了Modi和Hollande政治努力的積極成果，以及“印度制造”的轉變。就像印度-美國核談判一樣，Modi和Hollande決定通過將問題分成不同的筒倉來消除logjam，從而為定價問題以及技術和法律方面建立單獨的機制)”可知，在Modi和Hollande政治努力下，通過將問題分成不同的筒倉，定價問題以及技術和法律方面才能建立單獨的機制，說明之前的問題難以解決，logjam在此處意為“似乎無法解決的局面（Asituationthatseemslikeunabletobesettled）”。故選C項。第二節(jié)(共5小題，每小題分，滿分分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后提供的選項中選出填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。75yearsafterhumanssuccessfullyputtheirfirstobjectintospace,it’smucheasiertolaunchasatellite,butalotmessieroncewe’reupthere.”____16____Therearearound5000satellitesinorbitwithfewerthanhalfactuallyworking.Whenasatellitestopsfunctioning,itkeepsorbitingatveryhighspeeds,makingagreatthreatfortheusefulones.Sospacesustainabilityhasbecomeabigconcern.____17____Onesuggestedsolutionistorefuelthedeadsatellitesandbringthembacktolife.Anotherconceptistousearobotwithfourarmstocatchadeadsatellitebeforepullingitintotheatmospheretoburnitup.____18____Operatingarobotfromhundredsofmilesawayistough.Andtheworldhasn’tyetreachedaconsensus(共識)onwhyweshouldclearthespacejunkandtherearenorealrulesthatgovernhowweworkoutthere.Firstwhyshouldwekeepthingscleaninorbit?Weusesatellitestochecktheweather,findourwayaround,andforfinancialpurposes.Spacedatagivesusnotjustbeautifulpicturesoftheearth,butalsoinformationaboutclimatechange,naturaldisastersandotherthingsthatcanhelphumanswithearthboundchallenges.____19____Thenhowcanwehumansthinkasonebigcommunity?Governmentsshouldmakepowerfulregulations.Companiesoughttoengageinsharedpracticesandscientistsareexpectedtothinkuppracticalmethods.____20____Onlyinthiswaycanwekeepthoseorbitalhighwaysopenforthenextgenerationandbeyondbeforetheyaredeadlyblockedbyspacejunk.A.Theyprovideservicescloselyrelatedtoourlife.B.Thisishardbothtechnicallyandpolitically,though.C.Anyway,weshouldquickenthepaceofclearingup.D.Spaceisgettingincreasinglycrowdedanddangerous.E.Sowedependlargelyonspaceanditneedstobetidiedup.F.Scientistsarestrugglingforstrategiestotackletheproblem.G.Allofthesehavebeenintegratedintothesolutionswereallyneed.【答案】16.D17.F18.B19.E20.G【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述太空垃圾現(xiàn)狀以及呼吁全球一致共同清除?！?6題詳解】由后文“Therearearound5000satellitesinorbitwithfewerthanhalfactuallyworking.Whenasatellitestopsfunctioning,itkeepsorbitingatveryhighspeeds,makingagreatthreatfortheusefulones.(大約有5000顆衛(wèi)星在軌道上運行，實際運行的衛(wèi)星不到一半。當一顆衛(wèi)星停止運行時，它會以非常高的速度運行，對有用的衛(wèi)星構成巨大威脅。)”可知，這里主要講沒用的衛(wèi)星成了垃圾威脅其它有用衛(wèi)星。而D項Spaceisgettingincreasinglycrowdedanddangerous.(太空越來越擁擠和危險。)符合語境，其中dangerous與下文agreatthreat對應。故選D項?！?7題詳解】由后文“Onesuggestedsolutionistorefuelthedeadsatellitesandbringthembacktolife.Anotherconceptistousearobotwithfourarmstocatchadeadsatellitebeforepullingitintotheatmospheretoburnitup.(一個建議的解決方案是給死去的衛(wèi)星加油，讓它們復活。另一個概念是用一個有四個手臂的機器人抓住一顆死衛(wèi)星，然后把它拖到大氣中燒掉。)”可知，后文在講解決太空中垃圾的方案。而F項Scientistsarestrugglingforstrategiestotackletheproblem.(科學家們正在努力尋找解決這個問題的策略。)符合語境，其中strategies和后文Onesuggestedsolution對應。故選F項。【18題詳解】由后文“Operatingarobotfromhundredsofmilesawayistough.Andtheworldhasn’tyetreachedaconsensusonwhyweshouldclearthespacejunkandtherearenorealrulesthatgovernhowweworkoutthere.(在數(shù)百英里外操作機器人是很困難的。世界還沒有就我們?yōu)槭裁匆謇硖绽_成共識，也沒有真正的規(guī)則來指導我們如何在那里工作。)”可知，后文主要講清理垃圾在技術和政治上面的困難。而B項Thisishardbothtechnicallyandpolitically,though.(但這在技術上和政治上都很困難。)符合語境，其中technically和Operatingarobot以及politically和theworldhasn’tyetreachedaconsensus對應。故選B項?！?9題詳解】由上文“Spacedatagivesusnotjustbeautifulpicturesoftheearth,butalsoinformationaboutclimatechange,naturaldisastersandotherthingsthatcanhelphumanswithearthboundchallenges.(太空數(shù)據(jù)不僅為我們提供了地球的美麗圖片，還提供了有關氣候變化、自然災害和其他可以幫助人類應對地球挑戰(zhàn)的信息。)”可知，這里主要講太空數(shù)據(jù)對我們的用處。而E項Sowedependlargelyonspaceanditneedstobetidiedup.(因此，我們在很大程度上依賴于空間，需要對其進行整理。)符合語境，其中wedependlargelyonspace有承上作用，itneedstobetidiedup有啟下作用。故選E項?！?0題詳解】由前文“Thenhowcanwehumansthinkasonebigcommunity?Governmentsshouldmakepowerfulregulations.Companiesoughttoengageinsharedpracticesandscientistsareexpectedtothinkuppracticalmethods.(那么，我們人類怎么能作為一個大社區(qū)來思考呢？政府應該制定強有力的法規(guī)。公司應該參與共同的實踐，科學家應該想出切實可行的方法。)”可知，這里主要從幾方面講我們人類應該怎樣做來清理太空垃圾。而G項Allofthesehavebeenintegratedintothesolutionswereallyneed.(所有這些都已整合到我們真正需要的解決方案中。)符合語境，其中Allofthese與上文的幾方面措施對應。故選G項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。ZainabAmjad,a24-year-oldgirl,isworkingonanoilrig(鉆井架)asanengineerinIraq,wherecompanies____21____deepintothegroundtolookforoil.Mostofherwomencolleaguesworkinanoffice.____22____,Amjadchosetoworkintheoilfields.Itisnota____23____jobforwomenfromconservativecommunities.Petrochemicalprogramsinthecountry'sengineeringschoolsareforstudentswiththebest____24____.Amjadwasinthetop5percentofhergraduatingclassatBasraUniversityin2018.SheispartofanewgenerationofIraqiwomenwhoaregoingagainsttribal____25____.“Manytimesmanylocals____26____,‘Sure,we'llseeyououtthere,’tellingmeIwouldn'tbeabletomakeit,”saidAmjad,“Butthisonly____27____meharder.”Amjadhopestohelp____28____alaborrightsgroupforIraqi____29____engineersinthefuture.Inthiswar-tomcountry,womenaremorethanlikelytobe_____30_____,under-educated,employedinlow-wageorunpaidwork,andsubjectto_____31_____forgettingmarriedorhavingchildren.NotonlydoesAmjadface_____32_____withintheindustry,shealsofacesongoingprotestsbylocaltribes(部落)andviolencetowardoilworkers.Butthewomaniswillingto_____33_____difficulties,suchaspoorservicesandhighunemployment.Amjadsaidshehaslittle_____34_____toevenconsiderthesedifficulties,forevenatnightsheisoftenworking.“Thedrillingnever_____35_____.”shesaid.21.A.dive B.drill C.drag D.draw22.A.Similarly B.Consequently C.Instead D.Otherwise23.A.usual B.legal C.well-paid D.complex24.A.grades B.habit C.actions D.character25.A.conflicts B.arrangements C.traditions D.responsibilities26A.laughed B.reminded C.warned D.complained27.A.punished B.pushed C.depressed D.denied28.A.estimate B.enquire C.entitle D.establish29.A.female B.male C.excellent D.hopeless30.A.cautious B.lucky C.poor D.respectable31.A.abuse B.dismissal C.fine D.charge32.A.priority B.prospect C.investigation D.inequality33.A.comeacross B.runinto C.findout D.takeon34.A.ability B.courage C.time D.determination35.A.appears B.stops C.operates D.loses【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.A25.C26.A27.B28.D29.A30.C31.B32.D33.D34.C35.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹伊拉克的一名在油田工作的女性——阿姆賈德。她愿意面對嘲笑和困難，不停地在鉆井上工作。21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：24歲的扎伊納布·阿姆賈德(ZainabAmjad)是一名工程師，在伊拉克的一個石油鉆塔上工作。A.dive跳水；B.drill鉆孔；C.drag拖拉；D.draw吸引。根據(jù)第1空后的“deepintothegroundtolookforoil”可知，此處指“鉆孔”尋找石油。故選B。【22題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：相反，阿姆賈德選擇在油田工作。A.Similarly相似地；B.Consequently因此，結果；C.Instead相反，反而；D.Otherwise否則，要不然的話。根據(jù)第2空前后“Mostofherwomencolleaguesworkinanoffice.____2____,Amjadchosetoworkintheoilfields.”可知，前后表示轉折關系。故選C。【23題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對于來自保守社區(qū)的女性來說，這并不是一份普通的工作。A.usual通常的；B.legal合法的；C.well-paid高薪的；D.complex復雜的。根據(jù)空后“forwomenfromconservativecommunities.”可知，此處指這不是“普通的”工作。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：國家工程學校的石油化工專業(yè)是為成績最好的學生開設的。A.grades成績，等級；B.habit習慣；C.actions行動；D.character性格，品質。根據(jù)下文“Amjadwasinthetop5percentofhergraduatingclassatBasraUniversityin2018.”可知，阿姆賈德得到最好的“成績”。故選A。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她是反對部落傳統(tǒng)的新一代伊拉克婦女中的一員。A.conflicts沖突；B.arrangements安排；C.traditions傳統(tǒng)；D.responsibilities責任。根據(jù)空前“Iraqiwomenwhoaregoingagainsttribal”可知，女性鉆井探石油違背了部落“傳統(tǒng)”。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“很多當?shù)厝诵χf，‘當然，我們會在那里看到你的，’告訴我，我不可能成功，”阿姆賈德說，“但這只會讓我更努力。”A.laughed大笑；B.reminded提醒；C.warned警告；D.complained抱怨。根據(jù)下文“tellingmeIwouldn'tbeabletomakeit”可知，當?shù)厝恕俺靶Α迸糟@井。故選A。【27題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“很多當?shù)厝诵χf，‘當然，我們會在那里看到你的，’告訴我，我不可能成功，”阿姆賈德說，“但這只會讓我更努力。”A.punished懲罰；B.pushed推，逼迫；C.depressed使抑郁；D.denied否認。根據(jù)“tellingmeIwouldn'tbeabletomakeit,”和“Butthisonly____7____meharder.”可知，別人的嘲笑“推動”我更努力。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：阿姆賈德希望在未來幫助建立一個伊拉克女工程師的勞工權利組織。A.estimate估計；B.enquire詢問；C.entitle給予；D.establish建立。根據(jù)第8空前后“Amjadhopestohelp____8____alaborrightsgroup”可知，此處指“建立”女工程師的勞工權利組織。故選D。【29題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在這個戰(zhàn)爭頻發(fā)的國家，女性更有可能是貧窮、受教育程度低、從事低薪或無薪工作，并因結婚或生孩子而遭到解雇。Amjad希望在未來幫助建立一個伊拉克女工程師的勞工權利組織。A.female女性的；B.male男性的；C.excellent優(yōu)秀的；D.hopeless無希望的。根據(jù)第9空前后“alaborrightsgroupforIraqi____9____engineersinthefuture”可知，此處指為伊拉克的“女性”。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在這個戰(zhàn)爭頻發(fā)的國家，女性更有可能是貧窮、受教育程度低、從事低薪或無薪工作，并因結婚或生孩子而遭到解雇。A.cautious謹慎的；B.lucky幸運的；C.poor窮的；D.respectable體面的。根據(jù)第10空前后“Inthiswar-tomcountry,womenaremorethanlikelytobe____10____,under-educated,employedinlow-wageorunpaidwork”可知，此處指女性處于“貧窮的”狀態(tài)。故選C?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在這個戰(zhàn)爭頻發(fā)的國家，女性更有可能是貧窮、受教育程度低、從事低薪或無薪工作，并因結婚或生孩子而遭到解雇。A.abuse虐待；B.dismissal開除；C.fine罰款；D.charge掌管，費用。根據(jù)第11空前后“subjectto____11____forgettingmarriedorhavingchildren”可知，此處指女性遭到“開除”。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：阿姆賈德不僅面臨著石油行業(yè)內部的不平等，她還面臨著當?shù)夭柯涑掷m(xù)不斷的抗議和針對石油工人的暴力。A.priority優(yōu)先權；B.prospect展望；C.investigation調查；D.inequality不平等。根據(jù)空后“withintheindustry,shealsofacesongoingprotestsbylocaltribes(部落)andviolencetowardoilworkers”可知，此處指她面臨著“不平等”。故選D。【33題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：但這位女性愿意面對困難，比如糟糕的服務和高失業(yè)率。A.comeacross偶遇；B.runinto撞上；C.findout找出，查明；D.takeon承擔，呈現(xiàn)。根據(jù)空前后“Butthewomaniswillingto____13____difficulties,suchaspoorservicesandhighunemployment”可知，她愿意“承擔”困難。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：阿姆賈德說，她幾乎沒有時間考慮這些困難，因為即使在晚上她也經(jīng)常工作。A.ability能力；B.courage勇氣；C.time時間；D.determination決心。根據(jù)空后“toevenconsiderthesedifficulties,forevenatnightsheisoftenworking.”可知，此處指沒有“時間”考慮。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：鉆井永遠不會停止。A.appears出現(xiàn)；B.stops停止