閱讀理解：重新思考干旱 高考英語(yǔ)外刊閱讀訓(xùn)練

高考英語(yǔ)外刊閱讀訓(xùn)練——閱讀理解：重新思考干旱【原標(biāo)題】Thethirsttorethinkdroughts【原文】NearlyhalfofthecontinentalUnitedStatesisexperiencingprolongeddrought,accordingtofederalscientists.PrecipitationmodelspredictthatwinterwillprovidelittlereliefinmuchoftheWestandSouth.AnindependentstudyfoundthelasttwodecadesintheSouthwesttobethedriestcontinuousstretchsincethe1500s.Ontheothersideofthecontinent,halfoftheNortheasthadreachedthelevelsof“severe”or“extreme”bySeptember.Atthismoment,72millionAmericansarelivingindroughtconditions.Globally,morethan2billionpeopleliveincountriesexperiencingwhattheUnitedNationscallshighwaterstress.Theeffectsofclimatechangeareneitherconsistentnoruniform.Inrecentyears,forexample,theMidwesthasexperiencedbothwidespreadfloodingandpersistentdrought.Yetaswaterexpertsgrapplewithunderstandingtheseunusualweatherpatterns,assumptionsaboutwaterareshiftingaswell.AsJensBerggren,aSwedishsustainabilityexpert,toldDeutscheWelle,“It’snotalackofwaterperse,it’salackofwatergovernance.”Ifpeoplecouldreducewaterusebyalmosthalf,hesaid,thatwould“giveampleopportunitytomeetallourneeds.”LastyearresearchersinFinlandaskedanovelquestion:Cantherebewaterscarcitywithanabundanceofwater?DespiteFinlandhavingamplewaterresourcesandtypicallynosignificantdryseason,thestudyfoundthatlocaldrought-likeeffectswerebeingcausedbypopulationconcentration,drainageofwetlands,andinefficientwateruse.Thefindingledtoarethinkofhumandevelopmentinordertofindabalancewithwaterresources.AgoodexampleofaplacethatdidresetitsharmonywithnatureisCapeTown,SouthAfrica.InMarch2018,followingthreeyearsofseveredrought,thecity’smainreservoirhadfallento11%capacity.Thismonthitreachedoverflowcapacity.Areturnofbetter-than-averagerainfallhelped,buttherealchangewascivic.Thecityimposedstrictwater-usepractices,andresidentsquicklyadapted.Researchersofthismassshiftfound“thirstyparticipantssharewatermoreoftenequallywithpowerless,anonymousothersthantheydomoney.”CapeTownisnowbetterpoisedtoavoidwaterstressbecausepeoplecreateddifferentlifestyles.Adaptingtoachangingplanetrequiresmorethanaphysicalresponsetoscarcity.Itentailsseeingabundanceinpeople’sabilitytoinnovate,jointogetherincommoncause,andbeopentolettinggoofdestructivebehavior.Thosetraitsarenotscarce.Andneitherishumanity’sabilitytodrawuponthem.【新課標(biāo)重點(diǎn)詞匯】1.prolonged-持續(xù)的2.drought-干旱3.precipitation-降水4.relief-緩解5.independent-獨(dú)立的6.Southwest-西南部7.Northeast-東北部8.severe-嚴(yán)重的9.extreme-極端的10.waterstress-水資源匱乏壓力11.consistent-一致的12.uniform-均勻的13.flooding-洪水14.governance-治理15.assumptions-假設(shè)16.reduce-減少17.scarcity-稀缺性18.abundance-充裕19.populationconcentration-人口密度20.drainage-排水21.inefficient-低效的22.humandevelopment-人類(lèi)發(fā)展23.harmony-和諧24.CapeTown-開(kāi)普敦25.reservoir-水庫(kù)26.civic-市民的27.strict-嚴(yán)格的28.water-usepractices-用水習(xí)慣29.adapt-適應(yīng)30.planet-行星31.innovation-創(chuàng)新32.commoncause-共同目標(biāo)33.open-開(kāi)放的34.destructivebehavior-破壞性行為35.traits-特質(zhì)36.drawupon-利用37.physicalresponse-物理反應(yīng)38.scarcity-稀缺39.waterresources-水資源40.waterstress-水壓力41.persistent-持續(xù)的42.effects-影響43.grapple-探索44.understand-理解45.assumptions-假定46.shift-轉(zhuǎn)變47.governance-治理48.participants-參與者49.lifestyles-生活方式50.humanity-人類(lèi)【閱讀理解練習(xí)題】1.Accordingtofederalscientists,whatproportionofthecontinentalUnitedStatesisexperiencingprolongeddrought?A.Approximately25%B.Nearly50%C.Over75%D.Morethan90%答案：B。中文解析：根據(jù)文章第一句話(huà)，聯(lián)邦科學(xué)家表示，將近一半的美國(guó)大陸正經(jīng)歷持續(xù)性的干旱。2.Whataresomeeffectsofclimatechange?A.ConsistentanduniformweatherpatternsB.LackofdroughtandfloodingintheMidwestC.DroughtandwaterscarcityinsomeareasD.Governanceofwaterresourcesaroundtheworldimproving答案：C。中文解析：根據(jù)文章第三句話(huà)，氣候變化的影響并不一致或統(tǒng)一，最近幾年，中西部地區(qū)經(jīng)歷了廣泛的洪水和持續(xù)的干旱。3.WhydidtheresearchersinFinlandconducttheirstudy?A.TotestdroughtmodelsusedinothercountriesB.ToinvestigatetheeffectsofpopulationconcentrationonwaterresourcesC.TofindwaysofdealingwithasignificantdryseasonD.Toexplorewhysomecountriessufferfromhighwaterstress答案：B。中文解析：根據(jù)文章第四段，芬蘭的研究人員提出一個(gè)新問(wèn)題：是否可以有充足的水資源而又出現(xiàn)水資源匱乏？該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)?shù)厝丝诩?、濕地排水和低效用水開(kāi)采等原因正在引起與干旱相似的局部影響。4.WhatwasthemaincauseofthedroughtinCapeTown,SouthAfrica?A.LackofrainfallB.PopulationconcentrationC.InefficientuseofwaterD.Drainageofwetlands答案：A。中文解析：根據(jù)文章第五段，經(jīng)過(guò)三年的嚴(yán)重干旱后，開(kāi)普敦市的主要蓄水池容量降至11%。文章指出適應(yīng)一個(gè)變化中的星球需要更多的是對(duì)稀缺的實(shí)質(zhì)性反應(yīng)，文章還提到城市在嚴(yán)格管制用水并采取其他行動(dòng)后最終恢復(fù)了.5.WhatisJensBerggren’sopinionaboutwateruse?A.ItisnecessarytoreducewaterusebyalmosthalftomeetallourneedsB.WatergovernanceistheonlysolutiontotheproblemofwaterscarcityC.ItisimpossibletoprovideampleopportunitytomeetallourneedsthroughwaterusereductionD.Wateruseshouldbeallowedtocontinueatcurrentlevels答案：A。中文解析：通過(guò)第三段，我們可以得知Berggren’s的看法。他表示，如果人們可以將用水減少近一半，那么這將為滿(mǎn)足我們的所有需求提供充足的機(jī)會(huì)。6.Whatisthemainmessageofthisarticle?A.AbundanceofwaterresourcescanpreventwaterscarcityB.ClimatechangecausesconsistentanduniformeffectsonallregionsC.WaterscarcityisacomplexissuewithmultiplecausesD.Populationconcentrationisthemaincauseofdrought-likeeffects答案：C。中文解析：整篇文章在討論水的問(wèn)題，指出水資源的稀缺性是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題，需要人們采取多種措施來(lái)解決。7.HowdidresidentsofCapeTowncontributetoavoidingwaterstress?A.BycreatingdifferentlifestylesB.BymovingtootherareaswherewaterwasmoreavailableC.BydevelopingnewtechnologiestoobtainwaterD.Bybuildingmorereservoirstostorewater答案：A。中文解析：根據(jù)文章第五段，開(kāi)普敦市陷入水壓力時(shí)，城市對(duì)水使用實(shí)施了嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定，并迅速適應(yīng)了這種新的生活方式。8.WhatdidtheresearchersinFinlandfind?A.TherewasnosignificantdryseasoninFinlandB.PopulationconcentrationhadnoeffectonwaterresourcesC.Finlandwasnotexperiencingdrought-likeeffectsdespitehighwaterstressD.Localdrought-likeeffectswerebeingcausedbypopulationconcentration,drainageofwetlands,andinefficientwateruse答案：D。中文解析：根據(jù)文章第四段，芬蘭的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)?shù)厝丝诩?、濕地排水和低效用水開(kāi)采等原因正在引起與干旱相似的局部影響。9.HowdidCapeTownavoidwaterstress?A.ByrelyingonnewtechnologiestoobtainmorewaterB.BybuildingmorereservoirstostorewaterC.Bycreatingdifferentlifestylesandimposingstrictwater-usepracticesD.Bymovingtootherareaswherewaterwasmoreavailable答案：C。中文解析：根據(jù)文章第五段，開(kāi)普敦市陷入水壓力時(shí)，城市對(duì)水使用實(shí)施了嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定，并迅速適應(yīng)了這種新的生活方式。10.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.ThelasttwodecadesintheSouthwestisthedriestcontinuousstretchsincethe1500s.B.PrecipitationmodelspredictthatwinterwillprovidelittlereliefinmuchoftheWestandSouth.C.NearlyhalfoftheNortheasthadreachedthelevelsof“severe”or“extreme”bySeptember.D.Theeffectsofclimatechangeareconsistentanduniform.答案：D。中文解析：根據(jù)文章第三句話(huà)，氣候變化的影響并不一致或統(tǒng)一。對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)D是不正確的陳述?！救姆g】NearlyhalfofthecontinentalUnitedStatesisexperiencingprolongeddrought,accordingtofederalscientists.PrecipitationmodelspredictthatwinterwillprovidelittlereliefinmuchoftheWestandSouth.AnindependentstudyfoundthelasttwodecadesintheSouthwesttobethedriestcontinuousstretchsincethe1500s.據(jù)聯(lián)邦科學(xué)家稱(chēng)，美國(guó)大陸近一半的地區(qū)正在經(jīng)歷長(zhǎng)期干旱。降水模型預(yù)測(cè)，冬季對(duì)西部和南部大部分地區(qū)幾乎沒(méi)有緩解作用。一項(xiàng)獨(dú)立研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，西南部最近二十年是自16世紀(jì)以來(lái)最干旱的連續(xù)時(shí)期。Ontheothersideofthecontinent,halfoftheNortheasthadreachedthelevelsof“severe”or“extreme”bySeptember.Atthismoment,72millionAmericansarelivingindroughtconditions.Globally,morethan2billionpeopleliveincountriesexperiencingwhattheUnitedNationscallshighwaterstress.在非洲大陸的另一邊，到9月，東北部一半的地區(qū)已經(jīng)達(dá)到了“嚴(yán)重”或“極端”的水平。目前，7200萬(wàn)美國(guó)人生活在干旱的環(huán)境中。在全球范圍內(nèi)，超過(guò)20億人生活在經(jīng)歷聯(lián)合國(guó)所說(shuō)的高水壓力的國(guó)家。Theeffectsofclimatechangeareneitherconsistentnoruniform.Inrecentyears,forexample,theMidwesthasexperiencedbothwidespreadfloodingandpersistentdrought.Yetaswaterexpertsgrapplewithunderstandingtheseunusualweatherpatterns,assumptionsaboutwaterareshiftingaswell.AsJensBerggren,aSwedishsustainabilityexpert,toldDeutscheWelle,“It’snotalackofwaterperse,it’salackofwatergovernance.”Ifpeoplecouldreducewaterusebyalmosthalf,hesaid,thatwould“giveampleopportunitytomeetallourneeds.”氣候變化的影響既不一致也不一致。例如，近年來(lái)，中西部地區(qū)經(jīng)歷了大范圍的洪水和持續(xù)的干旱。然而，當(dāng)水資源專(zhuān)家努力理解這些不尋常的天氣模式時(shí)，對(duì)水的假設(shè)也在改變。正如瑞典可持續(xù)發(fā)展專(zhuān)家JensBerggren告訴德國(guó)之聲的那樣，“這本身并不是缺水，而是缺乏水治理?！彼f(shuō)，如果人們能夠?qū)⒂盟疁p少近一半，那將“為滿(mǎn)足我們的所有需求提供充足的機(jī)會(huì)”LastyearresearchersinFinlandaskedanovelquestion:Cantherebewaterscarcitywithanabundanceofwater?DespiteFinlandhavingamplewaterresourcesandtypicallynosignificantdryseason,thestudyfoundthatlocaldrought-likeeffectswerebeingcausedbypopulationconcentration,drainageofwetlands,andinefficientwateruse.Thefindingledtoarethinkofhumandevelopmentinordertofindabalancewithwaterresources.去年，芬蘭的研究人員提出了一個(gè)新穎的問(wèn)題：水資源豐富會(huì)導(dǎo)致缺水嗎？盡管芬蘭擁有充足的水資源，通常沒(méi)有明顯的旱季，但研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)?shù)仡?lèi)似干旱的影響是由人口集中、濕地排水和低效用水造成的。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)促使人們重新思考人類(lèi)發(fā)展，以尋求與水資源的平衡。AgoodexampleofaplacethatdidresetitsharmonywithnatureisCapeTown,SouthAfrica.InMarch2018,followingthreeyearsofseveredrought,thecity’smainreservoirhadfallento11%capacit