本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計-火災(zāi)自動報警系統(tǒng)-初稿

山東科技大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文附錄1電路原理圖附錄2系統(tǒng)程序#include<reg51.h>#defineuncharunsignedchar#defineuintunsignedintucharTem1,Tem2,Smok1,Smok2;ucharTem=3.6,Smok=4.6;//設(shè)定溫度煙霧報警閾值uchara,a1,a2,b,b1,b2;voidcaiji_wenyan();voiddelay_10ms(uinti);//程序聲明voidpanduan);voidbaojing();voidmain(){P21=1;P20=0;WR=1;RD=1;P0=0XFa;P24=1;P23=1;P22=0;//初始化while(1)//主程序{caiji_wenyan();//第一次采集溫度煙霧信號Tem2=Tem1;Smok2=Smok1;delay_10ms(5);//延時50ms，讓ADC0809準備好第二次數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換caiji_wenyan();//第二次采集溫度煙霧信號panduan();//將轉(zhuǎn)換的數(shù)據(jù)與設(shè)定的報警閾值比較baojing();//報警程序delay_10ms(2000);//系統(tǒng)隔20s對現(xiàn)場判斷};}voidcaiji_wenyan(){P0=0XF8;//選通IN-0，轉(zhuǎn)換溫度信號WR=0;if(EOC=1){RD=0;Tem1=P0};//當(dāng)ADC0809轉(zhuǎn)換結(jié)束，80C51打開AD的三態(tài)門，AD輸出數(shù)據(jù)elseRD=1;//否則，AD繼續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)換delay_10ms(1);P0=0XF9;//選通IN-1，轉(zhuǎn)換煙霧信號WR=0;if(EOC=1){RD=0;Smok1=P0};elseRD=1;}voiddelay_10ms(uinti)//10ms延時程序{while(i--){uchari,j,k;for(i=5;i>0;i--)for(j=4;j>0;j--)for(k=248;k>0;k--);}}voidpanduan(){if(Tem1>Tem)a1=1;//當(dāng)采集的溫度高于閾值置1，否則，置0elsea1=0;if(Tem2>Tem)a2=1;elsea2=0;if(Smok1>Smok)b1=1;//當(dāng)采集的煙霧濃度高于閾值置1，否則，置0elseb1=0;if(Smok2>Smok)b2=1;elseb2=0;}baojing(){if(a1=a2&&b1=b2)//兩次采集數(shù)據(jù)的標志位相同{a=a1;b=b1;if(a=1&&b=1){P22=1;P21=0;P23=1；P24=0；P25=1;};//溫度煙霧標志位都是1，發(fā)生火災(zāi)if(a=1&&b=0){P23=0;P21=0;P22=1；P24=1；P25=1;};if(a=0&&b=1){P23=0;P21=0;P22=1；P24=1；P25=1;};//溫度煙霧標志位只有一個1，異常if(a=0&&b=0)P22=0;//溫度煙霧標志位都為0，正常};else{P25=0;P23=1;P24=1;}//兩次采集的數(shù)據(jù)標志位不同，系統(tǒng)故障附錄3外文翻譯火災(zāi)報警傳統(tǒng)電子安全報警系統(tǒng)主要是通過傳感器自動檢測，產(chǎn)生報警信號，從現(xiàn)場發(fā)出報警信號或通過專門電纜近距離報警，從而引起人們的警覺。通過多年的研究和發(fā)展，現(xiàn)在的報警器可以說是門類眾多。由于報警器的飛速發(fā)展和社會各個領(lǐng)域的急切需要，能應(yīng)用的領(lǐng)域越來越多，特別是在民用領(lǐng)域更是急速發(fā)展。近年來，紅外線報警器已經(jīng)成為報警領(lǐng)域的一個熱點，由于其采用的是不可見的紅外線探測，所以具有隱蔽性好、安全等特點。紅外線傳感器按機理不同可以分為光探測型和熱探測型。光探測傳感器是利用光子效應(yīng)的紅外探測器。這類傳感器響應(yīng)速度快、靈敏度高、檢測特性好，但需要冷卻，使用不方便。而且器件的檢測靈敏度與紅外波長有關(guān)。熱探測傳感器是利用熱釋電效應(yīng)的紅外探測器。在接收到目標的紅外輻射后溫度升高，溫度的升高又引起傳感器內(nèi)部某些物理量的變化，通過檢測物理量的變化來確定紅外線輻射。這類傳感器在室溫條件下工作，檢測靈敏度也很高，響應(yīng)速度也很快，而且與紅外線輻射波長無關(guān)，可探測功率只受背景輻射的限制，應(yīng)用很方便。本文設(shè)計的是被動式熱釋電紅外探測器。文中主要論述了熱釋電的原理、熱釋電探測器的特性、BISS0001傳感信號處理器、555定時器組成的多諧振蕩報警電路等內(nèi)容。最后設(shè)計完成了熱釋電紅外探測報警器的硬件電路。隨著現(xiàn)代家庭用火、用電量的增加，家庭火災(zāi)發(fā)生的頻率越來越高。家庭火災(zāi)一旦發(fā)生，很容易出現(xiàn)撲救不及時、滅火器材缺乏及在場人驚慌失措、逃生遲緩等不利因素，最終導(dǎo)致重大生命財產(chǎn)損失。探討家庭火災(zāi)的特點及防火對策，對于預(yù)防家庭火災(zāi)，減少火災(zāi)損失具有現(xiàn)實意義在現(xiàn)代城市家庭里，許多人因不懂家庭安全常識引起火災(zāi)事故，使好端端的幸福家庭轉(zhuǎn)眼間毀于一旦,有的導(dǎo)致家破人亡,而且一旦發(fā)生居民家庭火災(zāi)，處置不當(dāng)、報警遲緩,是造成人員受害的原因。人們應(yīng)該積極了解家庭火災(zāi)的主要起因，掌握防止發(fā)生火災(zāi)的知識和萬一發(fā)生火災(zāi)時保護自己的方法,及時消除隱患。英國每年發(fā)生50000起以上的嚴重家庭火災(zāi)，其中大部分火災(zāi)造成人員傷亡和重大的家庭財產(chǎn)損失，有的還連累左鄰右舍，火災(zāi)損失更加慘重。在調(diào)查火災(zāi)起因的時候，絕大多數(shù)發(fā)生火災(zāi)家庭的當(dāng)事人說，以前總覺得火災(zāi)是人家的事情，與自己離得很遠，沒有想到這一次竟然會發(fā)生在自己的頭上。家庭火災(zāi)的主要原因是麻痹大意，沒有及時采取預(yù)防措施。在我國的一些大中城市，幾乎每天都發(fā)生家庭火災(zāi)，所以防火是每個家庭必須時刻注意的問題。假如能根據(jù)您家的實際情況預(yù)先采取簡單的防火措施，一些悲劇是完全可以避免的。火災(zāi)自動報警系統(tǒng)是為了通知早期發(fā)現(xiàn)火,并采取有效措施,控制和戰(zhàn)斗的火災(zāi),并設(shè)置在建筑物或其他地方的火災(zāi)自動設(shè)備,是那些有一個強大的工具來滅火?；馂?zāi)報警系統(tǒng),火災(zāi)探測器一般、區(qū)域集中報警報警和組成;也需要根據(jù)該項目與各種消防設(shè)施和通訊設(shè)備連接,形成了一個中央控制系統(tǒng)。從自動報警、自動消防、疏散過程顯示,指導(dǎo),系統(tǒng),消防了一個完整的檔案管理、消防系統(tǒng)?；馂?zāi)探測器是火災(zāi)探測手段,如舞臺的煙和火將會產(chǎn)生高溫火焰的細胞。光和熱的煙霧,為電子信號通過發(fā)現(xiàn)者警報或自動滅火系統(tǒng)開始消防。地方的地板報警探測器可以發(fā)送信號轉(zhuǎn)變的聲、光報警,火在屏幕上顯示房間號碼;同時監(jiān)測濃度一定的樓層的報警(如監(jiān)視器位于建筑物的消防控制中心)輸出信號或控制自動滅火系統(tǒng)。收到報警信號的濃度的聲、光的方式顯示,屏幕上也能體現(xiàn)具體著火層和房間號碼,飛機停止服用第一個鬧鐘來記錄時間、使用電話,但是也快成的火災(zāi)報警指點。此外,你可以控制的滅火系統(tǒng)或信號發(fā)送到消防的房間?；馂?zāi)自動報警系統(tǒng)是由觸發(fā)裝置、火災(zāi)報警、火災(zāi)報警裝置及其它輔助功能的裝置組成的一個按鈕消防報警系統(tǒng)的火災(zāi)報警系統(tǒng)。它可以燃燒的煙火災(zāi)的早期階段,光和熱放療和其他的物理量,溫度有關(guān)。攝影和其他煙和火事探測器成電子信號,傳送給火災(zāi)報警控制器,同時也顯示了這個地點的火里,火的記錄時間。一般火災(zāi)報警系統(tǒng)、自動噴淋系統(tǒng)、消火栓系統(tǒng)、防排煙系統(tǒng)、通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)、空調(diào)系統(tǒng)、防火門、火百葉窗,煙幕之間的相互影響,以及其他相關(guān)設(shè)備的自動或手動發(fā)出指令開始對應(yīng)的設(shè)備。(A)觸發(fā)裝置在火災(zāi)自動報警系統(tǒng)、自動或手動火災(zāi)報警信號裝置產(chǎn)生稱為觸發(fā)條件,包括火災(zāi)探測器和手動火災(zāi)報警按鈕?；馂?zāi)探測器是它能發(fā)射參數(shù)(煙、溫度、火焰輻射、氣體濃度等)的反應(yīng),并自動生成一個火災(zāi)報警信號裝置。火響應(yīng)參數(shù),根據(jù)不同的火災(zāi)探測器變成熱能探測器、煙霧探測器,敏感的火災(zāi)探測器,可燃氣體探測器和火災(zāi)探測器的五個基本類型復(fù)合材料。不同類型的火災(zāi)探測器為不同類型的火災(zāi)和不同的地方。手動火災(zāi)報警按鈕火災(zāi)報警信號生成的手動啟動火災(zāi)自動報警系統(tǒng)裝置、火災(zāi)自動報警系統(tǒng)是一個不可或缺的組成部分。(B)火災(zāi)報警裝置在火災(zāi)自動報警系統(tǒng)接收、顯示、傳輸火災(zāi)報警信號,可以發(fā)送控制信號、控制功能和其他輔助設(shè)備的火災(zāi)報警裝置的指令?；馂?zāi)報警控制是一種最基本的類。被指控的火災(zāi)報警控制火災(zāi)探測器提供一個穩(wěn)定的工作能力;探測器和工作狀態(tài)下的系統(tǒng)本身;接待、轉(zhuǎn)換、處理一個警告,火災(zāi)探測器Shuchu;金興聲光報警功能;Zhishi具體地點和鬧鐘時間;同時支持采用恰當(dāng)?shù)目刂坪驮S多其他任務(wù)。火災(zāi)報警系統(tǒng)的核心組成部分。在火災(zāi)報警設(shè)備,一些設(shè)備,如打破、區(qū)域監(jiān)測、火顯示等功能不能夠完成閥瓣報警裝置,可視為演化的火災(zāi)報警控制器或補充。在一定條件下應(yīng)用,火災(zāi)報警裝置火災(zāi)報警控制的歸屬?；竟δ?火災(zāi)自動報警控制的主要力量,備用電源自動轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān),備用電源充電功能、動力功能、動力功能故障監(jiān)測工作狀態(tài)指示器,電源檢測器電路功能、控制傳感器或系統(tǒng)故障、聲音、光報警、火災(zāi)聲、光報警、消防報警及記憶功能,時鐘功能單元,優(yōu)先被給予的錯功能火災(zāi)報警聲警報聲警報聲啞巴又一遍。(C)火災(zāi)警報器在火災(zāi)自動報警系統(tǒng)發(fā)送,從不同的環(huán)境、聲音、光火警信號設(shè)備叫火災(zāi)警報器。這聲音、光和聲音的方法對這一問題的火災(zāi)報警信號報警區(qū)來警告人們采取安全疏散、火災(zāi)撲救措施。(D)在消防設(shè)備火災(zāi)自動報警系統(tǒng),當(dāng)受到火災(zāi)報警、自動或手動啟動相關(guān)消防設(shè)備顯示裝置的狀態(tài),如大家所知的消防設(shè)備。包括火災(zāi)報警控制、自動滅火系統(tǒng)控制裝置、消火栓系統(tǒng)控制裝置、排煙系統(tǒng)、空調(diào)和通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)的控制裝置,通常開防火門、火快門控制裝置、電梯下來控制設(shè)備、消防應(yīng)急無線電、火災(zāi)報警、消防通信設(shè)備,消防疏散標志和應(yīng)急照明控制設(shè)備、控制設(shè)備在某些或全部。消防設(shè)備通常安裝在消防控制中心,便于實施集中控制。而另一些人放火控制設(shè)備、消防設(shè)備位于這些帶電的領(lǐng)域,但它的行動都必須予以回擊控制信號,結(jié)合實施集權(quán)與分權(quán)進行控制。(E)火災(zāi)報警系統(tǒng)的電源電氣設(shè)備屬于火,形成的主要動力應(yīng)該在火力,備用電源使用的電池。除了消防報警系統(tǒng)的電源控制器、供電,也關(guān)系到系統(tǒng)為消防設(shè)備,如電源。原文：FirealarmThetraditionalelectronsafealarmsystemmainlyisthroughthesensorautomaticdetection,producesthealarm,sendsoutthealarmfromthesceneorreportstothepolicethroughthespecialelectriccableneardistance,thuscausespeople'svigilance.Throughmanyyearsresearchandthedevelopment,thepresentalarmapparatusmaysayistheclassismultitudinous.Asaresultofthealarmapparatusrapiddevelopmentandthesocialeachdomainanxiousneed,cantheapplicationdomainbemoreandmoremany,speciallyisrapidlydevelopsinthecivildomain.Inrecentyears,theinfraredalarmapparatusalreadybecamereportstothepoliceadomainhotspot,becauseitusedwasnottheobviouslyinfraredacquisition,thereforehadthehidingtobegood,characteristicandsoonsecurity.Theinfraredsensorisdifferentaccordingtothemechanismmaydivideintothelightsurveyandthehotsurvey.Thelightacquisitionsensorisusesthephotoneffecttheinfraredacquisitionaid.Thiskindofsensorspeedofresponsequick,thesensitivityhigh,theexaminationcharacteristicisgood,butneedstocool,usesnotconveniently.Moreoverthecomponentexaminationsensitivityandtheinfraredwavelengthconcern.Thehotacquisitionsensorisuseshotlyreleasestheelectricityeffecttheinfraredacquisitionaid.Afterreceivesthegoaltheinfraredradiationtemperatureincrement,thetemperatureelevatescausesthesensorinteriorcertainphysicalquantitieschanges,throughexaminationphysicalquantitychangedefiniteinfraredemission.Thiskindofsensorworksundertheroomtemperaturecondition,examinationsensitivityalsoveryhigh,speedofresponsealsoveryquick,moreoverhasnothingtodowithwiththeinfraredemissionwavelength,maysurveythepoweronlytoreceivethebackgroundradiationthelimit,theapplicationisveryconvenient.Thisarticledesignsisthepassiveformhotlyreleasestheelectricityinfraredacquisitionaid.Inthearticlemainlyelaboratedhashotlyreleasedtheelectricitytheprinciple,hotlyreleasescontentandsoonmanyalarmcircuitwhichtheelectricdetectorthecharacteristic,theBISS0001signalprocessor,555timerscomposed.Finallydesignedcompleteshashotlyreleasedtheelectricityinfrareddetectionalarmapparatusthehardwareelectriccircuit.Withthemodernfamilyuseoffire,electricityconsumptionincreases,thefrequencyofhomefiresisgettinghigherandhigher.Thefamilyoffire,itiseasytofightdoesnotoccurpromptly,thelackoffire-fightingequipmentandthepresenceofpanic-strickenpeople,toescapeunfavorablefactors,suchasretardation,whicheventuallyledtoasignificantlossoflifeandproperty.Explorethecharacteristicsofthefamilyoffireandfirepreventionmeasures.Forthepreventionofdomesticfires,reducingthefirelosseshavepracticalsignificance.Inthemodernurbanfamily,becauseoflotofpeopledonotunderstandcommonsensehomesecuritycausedbyfire,sothatthehappyfamilyGoogleruinedblinkofaneye,andsomeleadtodestruction,buttheeventofhouseholdfires,improperdisposal,alarmdelayiscausedsothatpeopleshouldgettoknowmoreaboutthemaincausesofhouseholdfires,mastertopreventthefireofknowledgeandincaseoffiretoprotecthisorherownway,timelyeliminationofTheUnitedKingdomeachyearmorethan50000familiesofseriousfires,mostofthemfirecasualtiesandsignificantlossofhouseholdassets,andsomeresultintheneighbors,moreheavyfirelosses.Investigatethecausesoffireintime,thevastmajorityofhomefireshappenpartiessaidthatthefirealwaysfeelthatthingsareotherpeoplewiththeirownfaraway,didnotthinkthiswillhappeneveninthetopofhishead.Homefiresarethemainreasonfornegligentnottotaketimelypreventivemeasures.Insomeofourlargeandmedium-sizedcities,almosteverydayfamilyfires,firepreventionissoeachfamilymustalwayspayattentionto.Ifyourhomebasedontheactualsituationinadvancetotakesimplefirepreventionmeasures,anumberoftragediesareentirelyavoidable.Automaticfirealarmsystemisinordertoinformtheearlydetectionoffire,andtakeeffectivemeasurestocontrolandfightfires,andsetinabuildingorotherplaceofanautomaticfirefacilities,isthatpeoplewithapowerfultooltofightthefire.Firealarmsystem,firedetectorsgenerally,regionalcentralizedalarmalarmandcomposition;alsoberequiredundertheprojectwithvariousfire-fightingfacilitiesandcommunicationdeviceslinkedtoformacentralcontrolsystem.Fromautomaticalarm,automaticfirefighting,evacuationguidance,systemprocessshowsthat,fireupacompletefilemanagement,firecontrolsystem.Firedetectorsarefiredetectiondevices,asinthestageoffirewillproducesmokewithhightemperatureflamecells.Thesmoke,heatandlightintoelectricalsignalsthroughthedetectoralarmorautomaticfireextinguishingsystemtostartfightingthefireintime.Areawherethefloorofalarmdetectorcansendthesignalintosoundandlightalarm,andfireonthescreenshowingtheroomnumber;whilealsomonitoringtheconcentrationofcertainfloorsofalarm(ifthemonitorislocatedinthebuildingfireControlCenter)outputsignalorcontrolautomaticfireextinguishingsystem.Concentrationofalarmsignalisreceivedbywayofsoundandlightshow,andthescreenalsoshowsthespecificfirefloorandroomnumber,theplanestoppedtakingthefirstalarmclocktorecordthetiming,useofthemachine-specificphones,butalsoquicklytothefirealarmtogivedirectionsand.Inaddition,youcancontrolthefireextinguishingsystemorsignaltransmissiontothefirecontrolroom.Automaticfirealarmsystemisbythetriggerdevices,firealarm,firealarmdevicesandotherauxiliaryfunctionsofthedevicewiththecompositionofabuttonfirealarmsystemfirealarmsystem.Itcanfireearlystagesofburningsmoke,heatandlightradiationandotherphysicalquantities,bytemperature.Photographicandothersmokeandfiredetectorsintoelectricalsignals,transmittedtothefirealarmcontroller,andalsoshowsthesiteofthefire,thefirerecordofthetime.Generalfirealarmsystemandautomaticsprinklersystem,firehydrantsystems,smokecontrolsystems,ventilationsystems,airconditioningsystem,firedoors,fireshutter,smokescreenandotherrelatedequipmentinteraction,automaticallyormanuallyissuecommandstostartthecorrespondingdevice.(A)ofthetriggerdevicesinautomaticfirealarmsystem,automaticormanualfirealarmsignaldevicesgeneratecalledtriggerconditions,includingfiredetectorsandmanualfirealarmbutton.Firedetectorisabletofireparameters(smoke,temperature,flameradiation,gasconcentration,etc.)response,andautomaticallygenerateafirealarmsignaldevices.Fireresponseparametersaccordingtodifferentfiredetectorsintoheatdetectors,smokedetector,sensitivefiredetectors,combustiblegasdetectorsandfiredetectorsfivebasictypesofcomposite.Differenttypesoffiredetectorsfordifferenttypesoffiresanddifferentplaces.Manualfirealarmbuttonfirealarmsignalgeneratedmanuallystarttheautomaticfirealarmsystemdevices,automaticfirealarmsystemisanindispensablecomponentofthe.(B)thefirealarmdeviceinautomaticfirealarmsystemtoreceive,displayandtransmitfirealarmsignals,andcansendcontrolsignalsandcontrolfunctionswithotherauxiliaryequipmentasthefirealarmdeviceinstructions.Firealarmcontrolisoneofthemostbasickind.Chargedwiththefirealarmcontrolfiredetectorsprovideastableworkingpower;detectorandtheworkingstatusofthesystemitself;thereception,conversion,processingawarningoffiredetectorsShuchu;Jinxingsoundandlightalarm;Zhishispecificlocationandalarmtime;thesametimesupportingtheimplementationofappropriatecontrolandmanyothertasks.Firealarmsystemisacorecomponent.Inthefirealarmdevices,somedevicessuchasbreak,regionalmonitors,fireshowsandotherfunctionscannotcompletediscalarmdevice,whichcanberegardedastheevolutionoffirealarmcontrollerorsupplement.Undercertainconditionsapplied,andthefirealarmdevicefirealarmcontrolbelong.Thebasicfunctionoffirealarmcontrolare:themainpower,backuppowerautomaticallyconverted,standbypowerchargefunction,powerfailuremonitoringfunction,powerfunctionsworkingstatusindicator,powersupplyforthedetectorcircuitfunction,controlsensorsorsystemfailures,soundandlightalarm,firesound,lightalarm,firealarmandmemoryfunction,clockfunctionunit,withprioritybeinggivenfaultfunctionfirealarm,soundalarmsoundaudiblealarmmuteandagain.(C)firealarmsinautomaticfirealarmsystemtosenddifferentfromtheenvironment,sound,lightthefirealarmsignaldevicecalledthefirealarms.It