新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第二版第四冊(cè)教案1-5單元

BookFourUnitOneSectionATheTemptationofaRespectableWoman

I?ABriefIntroduction

ThetextdescribesthechangeinthefeelingsofMrs.Baroda,arespectablewoman,towardsher

husband'sgoodfriend,Gouvemail.Atfirst,Gouvernailseemedquietandboring,whichgreatly

annoyedher.Butjustatthenightbeforeherdepartureforthecity,theconversationbetweenthem

totallychangedherfeelingstowardshim.Shewasdeeplyattractedbyhistoneofvoice.However,

sheresistedthetemptationbyleavinghomewithoutsayinggoodbyetohim.Atlast,sheovercame

everythingandacceptedherhusband'ssuggestionofhavingGouvemailvisittheirplantationagain.

II.StructureAnalysis

PartOne(Para.l):Mrs.Barodawasalittleannoyedtolearnthatherhusbandexpectedhis

friend,Gouvemail,tospend_aweekortwo_ontheirplantation.

PartTwo(Para.2-10):Mrs.BarodafeltdepressedaboutGouvemaiPsquietpersonalityand

frustratedatbeingunabletopenetratehissilence.

PartThree(Para.11-19):Onenight,theconversationbetweenMrs.BarodaandGouvemail

totallychangedherfeelingstowardshim.Shewasdeeplyattractedbyhistoneofvoice.

PartFour(Para.20):Inordertoresistthetemptation,Mrs.Barodatookanearlymorningtrain

tothecitywithoutevensayingfarewelltoGouvemailanddidnotreturnuntilheleftherhome.

PartFive(Para.21):Duringthesummerthatfollowed,Mr.Barodagreatlydesiredthathis

friendshouldvisitthemagainbutMrs.Barodavigorouslyopposedthis.

PartSix(Para.22-24):Beforetheyearended,Mrs.BarodaproposedtohaveGouvemailvisitthem

againasshehadovercomeeverything.

HI.NewWordsandUsefulPhrases

A,NewWords

1.temptationn.l.[U]誘惑2.[C]誘惑物avoidtemptation避開誘惑

IknowIshouldn*teatchocolatecakewhenI'mdieting,butIfindithardtoresistthetemptation.

我知道在節(jié)食期間不該吃巧克力，但我很難抗拒誘惑。

Allthatmoneyiscertainlyabigtemptation.那些錢當(dāng)然是個(gè)極大的誘惑。

yieldto/givewaytothetemptationof經(jīng)不住...的誘惑resisttemptation抵制誘惑fallinto

temptation受誘惑temptvt.引誘；temptern.引誘者；temptinga.誘人的

2.idlea.l).無(wú)目的的anidleglance漫不經(jīng)心的一瞥

Idon'tknowwhyIasked—justidlecuriosity.

我不知道我為什么問這個(gè)問題，只是出于無(wú)意義的好奇心吧。

2).閑散的，懶散的，無(wú)所事事的

Menareleftidlewhenmachinesbreakdown.機(jī)器出故障時(shí)，人們就閑著沒事干了。

3).空閑的，閑著的

Wecan'taffordtohaveallthisexpensivemachinerylyingidle.

讓所有這些貴重機(jī)器閑置著，我們可擔(dān)負(fù)不起損失。

Thenewfinancialsupervisorintendstomakefulluseofthecompanyrsidlecapital.新來(lái)的貝才務(wù)總

監(jiān)打算充分利用公司的閑置資本。

idleaway(one'stime)虛度光陰idleabout閑逛，無(wú)所事事

idlenessn,懶散；idlyad.懶散地lazya.懶散的busya.忙的

3.penetratev.穿透，滲入，進(jìn)入

Therainpenetratedthroughtohisskin.雨把他淋得渾身濕透了。

Oureyescouldn'tpenetratethedarkness.我們的眼睛無(wú)法透過(guò)黑暗看東西。

penetrationn.滲透(力)，洞察力；penetratinga.滲透的，有洞察力的

［辨析］penetrate,pierce

這兩個(gè)詞均含有“穿透，刺入”之意。Penetrate較正式，且意義廣泛，既可指用任何工

具穿透或穿入，也可指光線、聲音等自然地透過(guò)物體，多與into或through連用。Pierce指用

尖利的東西刺入或刺穿，如：Anailpiercedthetireofmybicycle.一枚釘子扎進(jìn)我的自行車輪

胎里。

4.witn.l.［U］機(jī)敏風(fēng)趣aconversationfullofwit機(jī)智風(fēng)趣的談話

2.［C］機(jī)敏風(fēng)趣的人OscarWildewasafamouswit.奧斯卡?王爾德是個(gè)出名的機(jī)敏風(fēng)趣的人。

atone'swifs/wits9end窮于應(yīng)付；不知所措，困惑

wittya.詼諧的，風(fēng)趣的；witteda.有某種智力的，如slow-witted反應(yīng)慢的；quick-witted

反應(yīng)快的

5.sheera.l).(織物)極薄的，輕的sheernylontights透明的尼龍連褲襪

2).完全的，徹底的Itissheernonsense.這純粹是胡言亂語(yǔ)。

Itwouldbesheerfollytobuysuchalargecar-wewouldn'tbeabletoaffordtorunit.買這樣大的一

輛車真是愚蠢，我們根本開不起它。

sheernonsense毫無(wú)意義，胡說(shuō)八道bysheerchance純屬偶然地asheercliff懸崖，峭壁sheerly

ad.完全地，徹底地；sheemessn.完全，垂直

6.observationn.l.［C］評(píng)論

Hemadesomeinterestingobservationsonthecurrenteconomicsituation.

他對(duì)當(dāng)前的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)作了?些有趣的評(píng)論。

Shemadeafewgeneralobservationsaboutmywork.她對(duì).我的工作籠統(tǒng)上也作了評(píng)論。

2.［U,C］觀察；觀察記錄

closeandcarefulobservationofananimal'sbehavior對(duì)動(dòng)物行為的密切仔細(xì)的觀察

Thepatientwaskeptunderobservationallnight.這位病人被觀察了一整夜。

Theyhavepublishedtheirobservationsofthesebirds.他們發(fā)表對(duì)這些鳥的觀察報(bào)告。

keep...under(close)observation對(duì)...(密切)監(jiān)視Anobservationon/upon關(guān)于...的評(píng)論

observevt.觀察，評(píng)論；observern.觀察者，觀察員；observatoryn.天文臺(tái)，觀測(cè)臺(tái)

7.gazen.［C］注視，凝視v注視，凝視

Heturnedhisheadaway,feelingtooashamedtomeethergaze.

他把頭扭開了，不敢與她凝視的目光對(duì)視。

Shefeltuncomfortableunderhisintensegaze.在他的密切注視下，她感到不自在。

ShegazedatmeindisbeliefwhenItoldherthenews.

當(dāng)我告訴她這個(gè)消息時(shí)她難以置信地注視著我。

Hesatforhoursjustgazingoutofthewindow.他注視著窗外坐了幾個(gè)小時(shí)。

［習(xí)慣用法］gazeat/on/upon/into注意,凝視

［辨析］gaze,stare這兩個(gè)詞均有“注視，凝視”之意。Gaze強(qiáng)調(diào)目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地注視或凝視。Stare

則常指由于迷惑、害怕、發(fā)怒或沉思而睜大眼睛盯著某物、某人或遠(yuǎn)方Theteacherstaredthe

classintosilence.老師瞪著全班學(xué)生直到他們安靜下來(lái)。

8.keena.l).強(qiáng)烈的，激烈的，敏銳的akeeneye敏銳的目光akeendesire強(qiáng)烈的愿望Many

peoplearetakingakeeninterestintheresultofthevote.

許多人對(duì)投票結(jié)果非常感興趣。

2).熱衷的，熱心的，渴望的

HewantedtogotoamoviebutIwasn'tkeen.他想去看電影，可我并不熱心。

Wewerekeenaboutgoingtothepicnic.我們渴望去野餐。

She'skeenon(playing)tennis.她很喜歡打網(wǎng)球。

bekeenon(doing)sth.對(duì)某事感興趣，渴望做某事keepakeeneyeon用敏銳的眼光觀察be

keentodosth.渴望做某事，熱衷于做某事

keenlyad.熱心地，敏銳地，激烈地；keennessn.熱心，敏銳，激烈，鋒禾U

9.uprighta.正直的，誠(chéng)實(shí)的

Shebehavedasanyuprightcitizenwouldhavedoneunderthecircumstances.

她像所有正直的公民在這種情況下會(huì)做的那樣做了。

a.&ad.挺直的(地)，豎立的(地)，垂直的(地)

Standuprightwhenyou'rebeingspokento!別人對(duì)你說(shuō)話時(shí)你要站直！

［派生］uprightlyad.直立地，筆直地；uprightnessn.直立

［同義詞］vertical垂直的，直立；honest正直的，誠(chéng)實(shí)的

10.farewelln.［C］(formal)goodbye告別，再見

WesaidourfarewellstoourdearfHends.我們跟親愛的朋友們道別。

TheywavedfarewelltotheirfHends.他們揮手向朋友們告別。

farewelldinner/gift/speech告別宴會(huì)/辭行贈(zèng)禮/告別演講、sayfarewellto…向...辭別

waveafarewell揮手告別［同義詞］goodbye再見

11.proposev.l)打算,計(jì)劃IproposetogotoLondononMonday.我打算星期一去倫敦。We

proposeaholidayintheearlyspring.我們打算春天開始的時(shí)候去度假。

2).提議，提出Heproposedrestingforhalfanhour.他提議休息半小時(shí)。

Theyproposedthatwedealdirectlywiththesuppliers.

他們提議我們直接和供應(yīng)商打交道。

Theyproposedcutsinpublicspending.他們建議削減公共開支。

proposedoingsth.建議做某事，提議做某事proposetodosth.打算做某事proposaln.提議，

建議；求婚［同義詞］suggest建議

12.overcome(overcame,overcome)

v.1.戰(zhàn)勝，克服overcometheenemy戰(zhàn)勝敵人overcomeabadhabit克服一個(gè)壞習(xí)慣

2.被(煙、氣、感情等)壓倒，Shewasovercomewithemotion.她激動(dòng)得不能自持。beovercome

by/with因…而受不了，被…壓倒了［同義詞］conquer戰(zhàn)勝，克服

13.deservev.應(yīng)得應(yīng)受，值得

Afterallthathardworkyoudeserveaholiday.憑你的勤奮工作，你理應(yīng)休?次假。

Hedeservesourspecialthanksforallhisefforts.他的努力應(yīng)得到我們特別的謝意。

Yoursuggestiondeservestobeconsideredseriously.你的建議值得認(rèn)真考慮。

Somepointsinthisreportdeservebeingdiscussedinmoredetail.

報(bào)告中的一些要點(diǎn)值得進(jìn)行更詳細(xì)的討論。

［派生］deserveda.應(yīng)受的，應(yīng)得的Reservinga.值得的，該得的

B:UsefulPhrases

1.forthemostpart:mostly;usually多半，就大多數(shù)而言，通常

Forthemostpart,heisfHendly.總的來(lái)說(shuō)，他是友好的。

Theirremarksareforthemostpartcorrect.他們說(shuō)的話大部分是正確的。

2.imposeone'scompany/oneselfuponsb.：硬纏著某人

Don'timposeyourcompanyonthem.Theyarebusywiththeirwork.

別纏著他們了，他們正忙著呢！

Adrunkentrampimposedhiscompanyonus.

一個(gè)醉醺醺的流浪漢纏著我們不走。

3.formypart:speakingforoneself;personally就我而言，至于我

I,formypart,wasveryexcitedtoseetheImperialPalaceinBeijing.

就我來(lái)說(shuō)，看見北京的故宮我非常興奮。

Idon'tknowwhathewantstodo,butfbrmypart,Iwouldbegladtogo.

我不知道他想干什么，至于我，倒是很想去的。

4.countupon/on:expect;dependon料想；依靠，指望

Pmcountingonmyteachertohelpme.我正指望我的老師來(lái)幫我。

Youcan'tcountontheweatherbeingfine.你不能指望天晴。

［擴(kuò)展］countagainst（被）認(rèn)為對(duì)…不利countdown（發(fā)射火箭等時(shí)）倒數(shù)

countin把...算在內(nèi)countout逐一數(shù)出；不把算入

countup達(dá)到（總數(shù)）,共計(jì)

5.makeafussabout:對(duì)..小題大做，對(duì)大驚小怪

Pleasedon'tmakeafussaboutsuchasmallthing.請(qǐng)另lj為這點(diǎn)兒小事大驚小怪。

I'msorryfbrmakingsuchafussaboutthenoise.我很抱歉對(duì)噪音這樣大驚小怪。

［辨析］makeafussabout,makeafussof/over

makeafussabout意為"對(duì)小題大做,對(duì)大驚小怪makeafussof/over意為

“對(duì)...關(guān)懷備至，過(guò)分注意"，如:Don,tmakesomuchfussoverthechildren.不要對(duì)孩子照

顧得太過(guò)分。

6.rundown:（使）筋疲力盡；（使）衰退

Hishealthhasrundown;what'sthematter?他身體不如從前了，怎么回事？

Heisrundownbecausehe*sbeenworkingtoohard.

他勞累過(guò)度，把身體搞垮了。

7.asuccessionof:aseriesof一系列，一?連串

They'vehadasuccessionofbadharvestsinthelastfouryears.

他們過(guò)去4年遭遇接二連三的歉收。

Asuccessionofvisitorscometothedoor.登門造訪的人接踵而來(lái)。

8.drinkin:陶醉于；如饑似渴地傾聽

Theystoppedfbramomenttodrinkinthebeautyofthescenery.

他們逗留了?會(huì)兒，欣賞著周圍的優(yōu)美環(huán)境。

Theydrankinthedeliciousmusic.

他們?nèi)绨V如醉地傾聽那優(yōu)美的音樂。

9.yieldto:讓步于，屈服于

Hesaidhewouldgiveupsmoking,butheendedupyieldingtothetemptationandtooka

cigarette.他說(shuō)他要戒煙，但終究還是經(jīng)不起誘惑，又抽上了。

Intheend,heyieldedtohisson*srequesttobuyacar.

他終于屈服于兒子買車的要求。

IV.DetailedStudyoftheText

1.TheTemptationofaRespectableWoman（Title）

respectable:a.consideredtobesociallyacceptablebecauseofhavingagoodcharacteror

appearance,orhavingawaythatisapprovedof

Sheisarespectableyoungwomanfromagoodfamily.她是一位出身良好的體面的年輕女子。

Compare:respective:a.oforfbreachone;particularandseparate

2.Afterafewdayswithhim,shecouldunderstandhimnobetterthanatfirst.(Pa.2)

Meaning:Afterafewdayswithhimonherplantation,sheknewnomoreaboutGouvemailthan

attheverybeginning.

Note:nno"means"notatall",andcanbeusedasanadverbbeforecomparatives.

Theexamisnomoredifficultthanthetestsyou'vebeendoinginclass.這次考試一點(diǎn)也不比你

們?直做的課堂測(cè)驗(yàn)難。

Ifsnocoldertodaythanitwasyesterdaybutit'snowarmereither.今天并不比昨天冷，但也不

比昨天熱。

3....sheimposedhercompanyuponhim,accompanyinghiminhisidlewalkstothemill...(Para.

2)

Meaning:...sheforcedhimtoaccepthercompanynomatterwhetherhelikeditornot,taking

aimlesswalkswithhimtothemill...

Note:accompanysb.tosomeplace:gowithsb.tosomeplace

4."Youarefullofsurprises,nhesaidtoher."EvenIcannevercountuponhowyouaregoingtoact

undergivenconditions/*(Para.7)

Meaning:Hetoldhiswifethatshewasalwayssaying/doingsomeunexpectedthingsandhe,as

herhusband,couldneverknowhowshewouldbehaveinacertainsituation.

5....hewenton,"takingpoorGouvernailseriouslyandmakingafussabouthim,thelastthinghe

woulddesireorexpect.H(Para.7)

Meaning:...hecontinuedsayingthatshewaspayingtoomuchattentiontoGouvemailand

showingtoomuchanxietyabouthim.ThatwaswhatGouvernaildisliked.

6.LetmeknowwhenMr.Gouvemailisgone;untilthattimeIshallbeatmyaunt'shouse.(Para.10)

Meaning:Mrs.Barodatoldherhusbandthatshewouldstayatheraunt'shouseuntilGouvemail

lefttheirhouse.

7.Shehadneverknownherthoughtstobesoconfused;likethebatsnowaboveher,herthoughts

quicklyflewthiswayandthat.(Para.11)

Meaning:Herthoughtsweresoconfused,whichshehadneverexperiencedbefore,andshe

couldnotconcentratehermindonanything.

8.Shecouldgathernothingfromthembutthefeelingofadistinctnecessitytoleaveherhomethe

nextmorning.(Para.11)

Meaning:Shecouldonlyfeelthatitwasdefinitelynecessaryfbrhertoleaveherhomethenext

morning.

9.Thenashisgazereachedoutintothedarkness,hebegantotalk.(Para.14)

Meaning:Thenashelookedintothedark,hebegantotalk.

10.Mrs.Barodawasgreatlytemptedthatnighttotellherhusband—whowasalsoherfriend—of

thisfoolishnessthathadseizedher.(Para.18)

Meaning:Thatnight,Mrs.Barodawouldlikeverymuchtotellherhusbandaboutherfeelings

thatsuddenlyanddeeplyaffectedherwhenshewaswithGouvemail.

11....butthisdesireyieldedtohishonorablewife*svigorousopposition.(Para.21)

Meaning:...hehadtogiveuphisdesiretoinviteGouvernailtovisitthemagainbecauseofhis

wife'sstrongobjection.

UnitOneSectionBTheObligationsandResponsibilitiestoMarriage

I?BackgroundInformation

Changesinmodernfamily:Familieshaveundergoneamajortransformationinthepastgenerationandare

poisedtochangeevenmoreinthecomingcentury.Householdswillmovefurtherawayfromthe

family-structuremodelofastay-at-homemother,workingfather,andchildren,accordingtoanewreport

fromtheNationalOpinionResearchCenterattheUniversityofChicago.Becauseofdivorce,cohabitation

andsingleparenthood,amajorityoffamiliesrearingchildreninthenextcenturywillprobablynotinclude

thechildren'stwooriginalparents.Moreover,mosthouseholdswillnotincludechildren.Marriagehas

declinedaspeoplemarryolderanddivorceandcohabitmore.Agrowingproportionofchildrenhasbeen

bornoutsideofmarriage.Evenwithinmarriagethechangeshavebeenprofoundasmoreandmorewomen

haveenteredthelaborforceandgenderroleshavebecomemorehomogenousbetweenhusbandsand

wives.Thosechangesarehavinganimpactonhowpeoplethinkaboutfamilylife,andasaresult,the

conceptoffamilytendstobemoreelastic.

II.NewWordsandUsefulPhrases

A.NewWords

1.offense(英offence)n.l[U]冒犯，傷感情

DoyouthinkhetookoffenceatwhatIsaid?你認(rèn)為他會(huì)對(duì)我說(shuō)的話生氣嗎？

Don'tbeupsetbywhathesaid-hemeantnooffence.不要為他的話煩惱他沒有惡意。

2.[C]anillegalact;acrime犯罪行為，罪行aseriousoffence一項(xiàng)重大的罪行

aminoroffence一項(xiàng)輕微的罪行commitanoffenceagainstthelaw犯法

Drivingwithoutalicenseisanoffence.無(wú)照駕駛是一中違法行為。

anoffenseagainst對(duì)…的冒犯meannooffense無(wú)意冒犯takeoffense生氣

offendvt.冒犯，得罪，違反；offensivea.冒犯的，無(wú)禮的

2.relevant:a.有關(guān)的,相關(guān)的

Theevidenceisrelevanttothecase.該證據(jù)與此案有關(guān)。

Hiscolorisnotrelevanttowhetherhe'sagoodlawyerornot.

他的膚色與他是否是一個(gè)好律師無(wú)關(guān)。

berelevantto與…有關(guān)relevantlyad.有關(guān)聯(lián)地;relevancen.關(guān)聯(lián),irrelevant無(wú)關(guān)的

3.transmissionn.l.[U]傳播，傳送thetransmissionofnews/disease消息的傳達(dá)/疾病的傳播2.[C]a

radioortelevisionbroadcast廣播或電視播送

alivetransmissionfromBeijing來(lái)自北京的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播datetransmission數(shù)據(jù)傳送

Millionswouldhearthattransmission.將有數(shù)百萬(wàn)人聽到那次廣播節(jié)目。

thetransmissionofdiseases疾病的傳播transmitvt.播送，發(fā)射，傳送

4.hollowa.1.無(wú)價(jià)值的,空洞的，虛偽的ahollowvictory沒有價(jià)值的勝利

Willtheirgoodintentionsbecomerealitiesorhollowpromises?

他們的好意會(huì)變成現(xiàn)實(shí)還是成為空話？

2.中空的，空心的hollowblocks空心磚

5.guarantee:n.&misewithcertainty保證,擔(dān)保

Thewatchisguaranteedforthreeyears.這只手表保修三年。

Thereisnoguaranteethatitwillbeniceweathertomorrow.無(wú)法保證明天將有個(gè)好天氣

2.[C]保證；(尤指)商品使用保證書

Thesystemcosts$150,includingpostage,packinganda12-monthguarantee.

這個(gè)系統(tǒng)售價(jià)150美元，包括郵費(fèi)、包裝費(fèi)和12個(gè)月的使用保證。

guaranteesb.againststh.保證某人免受…guaranteesth.（tosb.）（向某人）擔(dān)保某事under

guarantee在保修期內(nèi)

6.interpretv.l.解釋，說(shuō)明，理解

Canyouinterpretthemeaningofthesepassages?你能解釋一下這幾篇文章的意思嗎？

Iinterpretedhersmileasapproval.我把她的微笑理解為贊同。

2.翻譯，口譯

Idon'tspeakChinese;willyouinterpretwhatshesaysforme?

我不會(huì)說(shuō)中文，請(qǐng)你把她說(shuō)的話翻譯給我聽好嗎？

interpretforsb.為某人翻譯interpret…as…把…理解為…

interpretern.譯員，口譯者;interpretationn.解釋，說(shuō)明，翻譯interpretativea.解釋的，說(shuō)明的［辨析］:

Interpret僅指口頭翻譯。translate兼指口頭和筆頭翻譯。

7.sacrificen.［U］犧牲v.犧牲，獻(xiàn)出

Wehadtomakesacrificesandgowithoutentertainmentinordertopayforourchildren'seducation.為了

支付孩子們的教育費(fèi)用，我們放棄娛樂，做出犧牲。

Hesacrificedhislifetryingtosavethechildfromtheburninghouse.

為了把這個(gè)孩子從著火的房子里救出來(lái)，他獻(xiàn)出了自己的生命。

Thepeoplearepreparedtosacrificeeverythingtoachievevictory.

人們已做好準(zhǔn)備為取得勝利而獻(xiàn)出一切。

［習(xí)］:sacrificefor為…而犧牲makesacrifices/asacrifice做出犧牲

sacrificiala.犧牲的，獻(xiàn)祭的

8.pursuevt.l.trytoachieve追求，從事pursuehappiness追求幸福

Sheisruthlessinpursuinghergoals/aims/objectives.她在追求她的H標(biāo)時(shí)冷酷無(wú)情。

Theytriedtopursuepeacewithhim.他們?cè)噲D向他求和。

2.追趕，追擊Thepolicepursuedthewrongcar.警察追錯(cuò)了汽車。

［派生］:pursuitn.追求,追趕;pursuern.追求者，追趕者［同義詞］:chase追趕，追蹤

9.passionn.l.［U,C］激情，熱情anintensepassion強(qiáng)烈的感情apatrioticpassion愛國(guó)熱情Theyare

quitewithoutpassion.他們絲毫沒有激情。

2.［U,C］熱愛，強(qiáng)烈的愛好Shehadapassionforchocolate.她特別喜歡吃巧克力。

Youmayhavepassionforher,butitisnotlove.你也許卜分喜歡她，但這不是愛情。

［習(xí)］:haveapassionfor…對(duì)...有強(qiáng)烈的愛好haveapassiontodosth.強(qiáng)烈希望做某事

［派生］:passionatea.熱情的，感情強(qiáng)烈的passionlessa.無(wú)熱情的passionala.熱情的

10.scatterv.（^）分散，驅(qū)散；撒播

Thestudentsscatteredinalldirections.學(xué)生們朝各個(gè)方向散去。

Thesoldierscameinandscatteredthecrowd.士兵進(jìn)來(lái)把人群驅(qū)散了。

Iscatteredgrassseedalloverthelawn.我把草籽撒在整個(gè)草坪上。

scatter...on/over把...散布（撒）在—tscattersth.withsth.把某物撒在（某物表面）上

scattereda.散布的，分散的；scatteringa.分散的，零亂的

11.regulatevt.l.管理,控制

HismotherstrictlyregulateshowmuchTVhecanwatch.他母親嚴(yán)格控制他看電視的量。

Hehasawell-regulatedlifestyle.他的生活方式很有規(guī)律。

2.adjust調(diào)節(jié)，調(diào)理

Pleaseregulatethesoundoftheradio.請(qǐng)調(diào)一下收音機(jī)的聲音。

Youcanregulatethetemperatureinthehousebyadjustingthethermostatandradiators.

通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)恒溫器和散熱器你可以調(diào)節(jié)屋內(nèi)溫度。

［派生］:regulationn.管理，控制，調(diào)節(jié)；regulatorn.管理者，調(diào)整者

［辨析］:regulate,manage這兩個(gè)詞均含有“管理”之意。Regulate指通過(guò)法規(guī)、原則或確立的方式

進(jìn)行管理。Manage強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)營(yíng)方面的管理，指對(duì)具體事物的實(shí)際管理或處理，如：Hemanagedthe

companyinsteadofhisfather.他代替父親管理公司。

12.mo(u)ldv.l.guideorcontrolthedevelopmentofsb./sth.;shapeorinfluencesb./sth.把..塑造

成，使形成

Firmdisciplinehelpsmouldachild*scharacter.嚴(yán)格的紀(jì)律有助于塑造孩子的性格。

Ihatethewayyou'realwaystryingtomouldmeintosomethingyouwantmetobe.

我討厭你總想把我變成你希望我成為的那種人。

2.shapeasoftsubstanceintoaparticularformorobject澆鑄，用模子制作

Theplasticisgoingtobemoldedintoplates.這塑料將被制成盤子。

［習(xí)慣用法］:mold...from/outof…用…塑造...o...將...塑成…

［派生］:moldern.制模工，鑄工moldingn.模制，壓模moldya.發(fā)霉的

13.sustainvt.keepsth.inexistence維持，使繼續(xù)

Theproblemwashowtocreateandsustainpublicinterest.

問題是如何引起公眾的興趣并使之經(jīng)久不衰。

［習(xí)］:makeasustainedeffort做不懈的努力sustainadefeat/loss/aninjury遭到失敗/損失/傷害同義詞］:

support支撐;maintain維持，保持;undergo遭受

B:UsefulPhrases

1.subject...to:(usu.passive)makesb.experiencesth.unpleasant(常用被動(dòng)形式)使遭遇(不愉快之

事)

Inrecentyears,shehasbeensubjectedtoattacksofdepressions.

近年來(lái)，她一再受到憂郁癥的侵?jǐn)_。

Theyhavebeensubjectedtounjusttreatmentfortoolong.他們長(zhǎng)時(shí)間受著不公正的待遇。

［辨析］:besubjectedto,besubjectto

Besubjectedto意為“服從于，使遭受……Besubjectto意為“?；?常遭……；受……支配”,如：

Areyousubjecttocolds?你?；几忻皢幔?/p>

2.takeoffense:feelupsetorinsulted生氣，見怪

Yourparentswilltakeoffenceifyouleaveearly.如果你早走的話，你父母會(huì)見怪的。

Hetakesoffenceattheslightestcriticism.他聽到一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)批評(píng)就生氣。

3.lookbackon:thinkaboutorremembersth.thathappenedinthepast回顧，回憶

IalwayslookbackonthosedaysIspentinBritain.我總是回想起我在英國(guó)度過(guò)的歲月。

Itwasn'tsuchanexcitingexperiencewhenIlookbackonit.

當(dāng)我回想起它的時(shí)候，覺得不是一個(gè)那么令人激動(dòng)的經(jīng)歷。

4.ifanything:ifanythingdefinitecanbesaid,thisisit如果有.的話,甚至于還

Yoursuggestioncouldonlymakethingsworseifanything.你的建議只會(huì)使事情變得

Theweatherforecastisnotforwarmerweather;ifanything,itisexpectedtobecooler.

天氣預(yù)報(bào)說(shuō)天氣不會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)暖，如果有變化的話，只會(huì)變得更涼。

5.comeapart:failorstopworkingeffectively;separateintopieces破裂，崩潰，角吊體

Howisitthattheumbrellahascomeapart?這把傘怎么已經(jīng)散架了？

Ipickeduptheoldbookanditjustcameapartinmyhands.

我揀起那本舊書，它就在我手中散開了。

6.atwill:asonewishes任意，隨便

Youarefreetocomeandgoatwill.你來(lái)去自由。

Theanimalsareallowedtowanderatwillinthepark.允許動(dòng)物在公園里自由走動(dòng)。

7.byvirtueof:onaccountof;becauseof由于

Shesucceededbyvirtueofherhardworkratherthanhertalent.

她成功靠的是刻苦努力而不是天生才智。

Theplayerdefeatedhisrivalsbyvirtueofgreaterexperience.

這位選手憑借更豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)戰(zhàn)勝了對(duì)手。

8.betteroff:happierormoreateaseinaspecifiedsiteorposition;findoneselfinamorefavorable

financialstate比較幸福，更幸運(yùn)，更自在

We'dbebetteroffwithoutthenoisefromtheneighboringfactory.

要是沒有附近工廠的噪音，我們要舒適得多。

Theweatherwassobadthatwe'dhavebeenbetteroffstayingathome.

天氣這么糟，我們呆在家里反而好。

9.takeoutone*sangeronsb.:treatsb.badlybecauseoneisupsetorangry,eventhoughtheyhavedone

nothingwrong向某人發(fā)泄自己的憤怒

Shetendedtotakeherfrustrationsoutonchildren.她往往把氣發(fā)在孩子們身上。

OK,soyouhadabadday.Don*ttakeitoutonme.

好吧，你今天過(guò)得糟透了，但不要拿我出氣。

10.resultin:have(sth.)asanoutcomeorconsequence結(jié)果，導(dǎo)致

Whatthiswillresultin,onlythefuturecantell.這件事的結(jié)果如何，只有將來(lái)才知道。

Theearthquakelastyearresultedinthedeathofadozenofpeople.

去年的地震導(dǎo)致了十幾人死亡。

［辨析］:Resultin意為“導(dǎo)致，結(jié)果Resultfrom意為“起因于，因...而千造成”,如：Theterrible

accidentresultedfromhiscarelessness.那樁可怕的意外事件是由于他的粗心大意引起的。

11.takeon:acceptaparticularjoborresponsibilityandbegintodowhatisneeded承擔(dān)，開始做Don*t

takeonmorethanyoucanhandle.不要承擔(dān)超出你能力范圍的任務(wù)。

WhenItookthisjobonIdidn*texpectittotakeallthistime.

我接受這工作時(shí)沒想到會(huì)花這么多時(shí)間。

HLDetailedStudyoftheText

1.AtdinnerafterwardsIwassubjectedtoahostilequizzingbyagroupofwomenintheirthirtieswho

claimedthatmywholeanalysisignoredthemostbasicchangeofall.(Para.1)Meaning:Atthe

followingdinnerIwasquestionedinanunfriendlymannerbyagroupofwomenintheirthirties,who

statedthatmywholeanalysisfailedtoconsiderthemostbasicaspectoffamilychange.

2.Lookingbackonit,Ifindtheywereright,butthisrisingtideofchangeisitselftheproblem.(Para.3)

Meaning:WhenIthinkaboutwhattheysaid,Ifindtheywereright,butthistrendofchangeitself

createssomeproblems.

3.Familyis,ifanything,thelinkbetweengenerations...(Para.3)

Meaning:Familycanbedefinedasthelinkbetweengenerations...

4.It'snotjusta"bigstadium"whereeveryonecanenjoytheshow.(Para.3)

Meaning:Familyisnotaplacewhereeveryonecancometohavetheirenjoymentandthengo,buta

placewhereparentshavetheirdutyandresponsibility.

5.Bothmarriageandfamilyinvolvelong-termobligationsandresponsibilityforsharedcare,notjustthe

searchofhappiness,thathollowgoalofthemodemage.(Para.3)

Meaning:Bothmarriageandfamilyincludeastheirimportantpartslong-termdutiesand

responsibilitytotakecareofeachother,notjustlookingforhappiness,whichisanemptygoalofthe

modemtime.

6.Themodernnuclearfamilywasrootedinthedesiretolivehappilyinamoreequalmarriage,wherethe

raisingofchildrenandtheinvestmentofbothparentsinthechildren'sliveswereguaranteedbybonds

offriendshipbetweentheparents,whichwerebasedonrationallove.(Para.4)

Meaning:Themodernnuclearfamilydevelopedfromandwasstronglyinfluencedbythedesireto

haveahappylifeinamoreequalmarriage,inwhichtheraisingofchildrenandthecontributionof

bothparentstothechildren'sliveswereensuredbythefriendlytiebasedonthesensiblelovebetween

theparents.

7.Themodemnuclearfamily...(Para.4)

Note:nuclearfamily:afamilyunitthatconsistsonlyofhusband,wifeandchildren...

8.Thereisanaturaltendencyforanyrelationshipbasedonvoluntaryaffectiontocomeapart,butmarriage

providestheglueneededtokeepacoupletogetherbyprovidingtiesoffamily,inconjunctionwiththe

obligationsofparentstochildren.(Para.5)

Meaning:Itisquitelikelythatanyrelationshipdevelopedfromvoluntaryaffectionwillend,but

marriage,togetherwiththeobligationsofparentstochildren,keepstherelationshipstablethroughties

offamily.

9.WhatpeoplecallthenewLoveFamily,unfortunately,hasreplacedapermanentrelationshipwithanew

idealofunlimitedchoice.(Para.5)

Meaning:Itisunfortunatethattheso-callednewLoveFamilyhastakentheplaceofapennanent

relationshipamongfamilymemberswithanewidealthatonecanchooseordivorceone'smarriage

partnerasonelikes.

10.Ifmarriageexistsonlyasaromanticrelationshipthatcanbeendedatwill,andfamilyexistsonlyby

virtueofbondsofaffection,bothmarriageandfamilycomesecondtothesearchfbrlove.(Para.7)

Meaning:Ifyougetmarriedsimplytoseekaromanticrelationshipthatyoucanendasyoulike,and

iftheexistenceoffamilyisonlythroughfeelingsoflove,marriageandfamilybecomelessimportant

thanthesearchoflove.

11.Underthisscheme,individualsattempttomarchtowardsmaximumhappinessastheymovethrougha

processionofmoreorlesssatisfyingromanticrelationships.(Para.7)

Meaning:Accordingtothisunderstandingofloveandfamily,individualstrytogothroughaseriesof

differentromanticrelationships,pursuingasgreathappinessaspossible.

12.Children,relatives,andthetiesofmutualobligationandcareareleftbehind,withnoplacetogo.(Para.

7)

Meaning:Children,relatives,andtheresponsibilityandcareinvolvedinmarriageareignored.

13....theydemandsacrificeandunselfishness,along-terminvestmentoftheparents*timeandmoney.

(Para.8)

Meaning:...theyaskfbrtheparents'givingupsomevaluablethingsandattachingmoretimeor

importancetotheirneedsandwishes,whichrequiresalong-timecontributionoftheparents'timeand

money.

14.Thegloryofburningpassionmaywellhavefaded,andyourlovefbryourwifeorhusbandmaynotbe

asexcitingorsatisfyingasitoncewas,butgoingoffinsearchofanotherlovewillnothelpyour

children.(Para.9)

Meaning:Thestrongfeelingsoflovemaywellhavecooled,andyouraffectionfbryourwifeor

husbandmaybelessexcitingorlesssatisfyingthanbefore,butstartingtolookfbranotherromantic

relationshipwillbringnobenefittoyourchildren.

15....orit'stoounstable,withadultsmovingoniftherelationshipnolongeranswerstheirsearchfbr

perfecthappiness.(Para.9)

Meaning:...orthefamilyislikelytochangeveryoften,withadultssettingoffinsearchofanother

relationshipifthepresentoneno