William Thackeray 威廉姆.薩克雷

WilliamMakepeaceThackeray(1811—1863)

2021/5/91bornin

CalcuttaonJuly18,1811parents,ofAnglo-Indiandescent;father,appointedtoapositionintheIndianCivilServicein1817,afterhisfather’sdeath,senthometoEnglandtobeeducated(asuccessionofpreparatoryschools;thenpublicschoolattheCharterhouse)in1829,enteredTrinityCollege,Cambridge;formedfriendshipwithTennyson,EdwardFitzgerald&WilliamBrookfield;leftwithoutadegreeThackeray’Life(p.187-192)2021/5/92withcomfortableincomefromhisfather’sestate,couldaffordtotakeanactivepartinthesociety&travelonhisreturntoLondon,begantostudylaw&abandoneditayearlater;later,decidedtostudypainting,unsuccessfulin1833,lostaconsiderablesumofmoneybybuying&editingashort-livedpaperextravagance&unwiseinvestmentdissipatedtherestofhisinheritance;by1834,compelledtoearnhislivingThackeray’Life(p.187-192)2021/5/93in1836,married

anIrishgirl,IsabellaShawe,3daughters(2survived)afterbirthofthe3rddaughter,Mrs.Thackeraybecamementallyill;untilin1842,hadtobeconfinedinthewreckofmarriage,rearedhisdaughters,notfreetoremarry;therestofhisdomesticlife,frequentlysad&lonelyaftertheillhealthformorethan10years,diedofacerebraleffusionin1863,atKensington,LondonThackeray’Life(p.187-192)2021/5/94HisLiteraryWorks1)TheBookofSnobs

《勢(shì)利人臉譜》《勢(shì)利者集》ItgivesasatiricaldescriptionofthedifferentstrataoftherulingclassesofEngland.2021/5/95HisLiteraryWorks2)VanityFair

《名利場(chǎng)》3)TheHistoryofPendennis

《彭登尼斯》4)TheNewcomes《紐克姆一家》2021/5/965)TheHistoryofHennyEsmond《亨利?埃斯蒙德》6)TheVirginians

《弗吉尼亞人》2021/5/97VanityFair:GeneralIntroductionVanityFairisThackeray'smasterpiece.Itwaspublishedin1847-48inmonthlyinstallments.2021/5/98Thesub-titleofthebook,“A

NovelWithoutaHero”,suggeststhefactthatwriter'sintentionwasnottoportrayindividuals,butthe

bourgeoisandaristocraticsocietyasawhole.ThetitlewastakenfromBunyan's“Pilgrim'sProgress”.2021/5/99VanityFair:GeneralIntroductionInthisnovelThackeraydescribesthelifeoftheruling

classesofEnglandintheearlydecadesofthe19thcentury.Itisaworldwheremoney

grubbingisthemainmotiveforallmembersoftherulingclasses.2021/5/910MajorCharacters

RebeccaSharp:小說(shuō)中的主角，家境貧寒，但一心想擠入上流社會(huì)。Becky是Rebecca的簡(jiǎn)稱。因此，人們稱她為蓓姬.夏普。

AmeliaSedley(阿米利亞.賽得萊):小說(shuō)中的另一個(gè)主角，原先家境富有。她心地善良。

GeorgeOsborne(喬治.奧斯朋)：阿米利亞的丈夫

RawdonCrawley(羅登.克羅萊):富有的克羅萊家族的成員。

WilliamDobbin(威廉.朵平):阿米利亞和奧斯朋的好友。

JosephSedley(約瑟夫.賽得萊):阿米利亞的兄弟。

Pitt

(匹特)：羅登.克羅萊的哥哥。

羅登.克羅萊的姑媽：富婆。2021/5/911Plot

小說(shuō)的原名為VanityFair，譯為“名利場(chǎng)”?！懊麍?chǎng)”是指英國(guó)當(dāng)時(shí)有錢(qián)人的社交場(chǎng)所，可稱為“名人俱樂(lè)部”。要了解這篇小說(shuō)的故事情節(jié)，有兩點(diǎn)要特別注意：一是不僅婚姻要門(mén)當(dāng)戶對(duì)，而且有錢(qián)人不希望有窮親戚，這是當(dāng)時(shí)有錢(qián)人的習(xí)慣做法。二是不僅繼承財(cái)產(chǎn)是當(dāng)時(shí)一些人的致富手段，而且有錢(qián)人往往用剝奪繼承權(quán)作為一種嚴(yán)厲的懲罰手段。2021/5/912PlotBeckyandAmelialeavingschoolInAmelia’shome,BeckytriestoentrapJosephBeckybecomingSirPittCrawley’sgoverness,secretlymarriedtoRawdonCrawleyRawdonCrawleyimprisonedfordebt,findsBeckyentertainingLordSteyne.LeavesforIndiaanddiesoffeverBeckyliveswithJosephandgetsallhispropertywhenhedies.Beckyliveslikeagrandlady.2021/5/913

小說(shuō)從講述蓓姬.夏普和阿米利亞.賽得萊二人離開(kāi)克律斯維克學(xué)校開(kāi)始。蓓姬父母雙亡，跟隨阿米利亞到她的家中暫住。阿米利亞對(duì)于進(jìn)入“名利場(chǎng)”沒(méi)有興趣，而蓓姬則是一心一意想進(jìn)入這個(gè)圈子。她深知，她既無(wú)錢(qián)財(cái)，又無(wú)地位，要進(jìn)入這個(gè)圈子只能靠自己的本領(lǐng)。她到了阿米利亞家中后，首先是設(shè)法得到約瑟夫.賽得萊（阿米利亞的兄弟）的好感，希望能夠嫁給他。但喬治.奧斯朋（阿米利亞的未婚夫）看破了她的企圖，并阻撓此事，因?yàn)樗幌Ｍ休砑н@樣的窮親戚。2021/5/914

蓓姬無(wú)可奈何，離開(kāi)了阿米利亞的家，到有錢(qián)有勢(shì)的克羅萊家去當(dāng)了女管家。這次她的努力獲得成功。她成為羅登.克羅萊的妻子。但在這個(gè)家族中，掌握財(cái)權(quán)的人是羅登的姑媽。這個(gè)富婆反對(duì)羅登的婚姻，剝奪了他的繼承權(quán)。阿米利亞的家境其實(shí)并不富有。因此，奧斯朋的父親打算阻止他的兒子與阿米利亞的婚姻。但他的阻撓未能實(shí)現(xiàn)。他們兩人的好友威廉.朵平促成了這椿婚事。奧斯朋的父親剝奪了他兒子的繼承權(quán)。兩人生活艱難，后來(lái)喬治又死于滑鐵盧戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)。威廉.朵平暗地里資助阿米得亞。由于貧困，阿米利亞把她的兒子喬杰交給了爺爺奧斯朋。威廉.朵平做工作讓阿米利亞同她的爺爺和好，最后，威廉與阿米利亞結(jié)婚。2021/5/915

另一方面，蓓姬結(jié)婚后，利用克羅萊家族的名望，結(jié)交了不少有錢(qián)有勢(shì)的人。盡管她說(shuō)她是從她的丈夫羅登那里致富的，其實(shí)不是如此。她是恁著她自己的手段，從多方面搞到錢(qián)財(cái)?shù)?。她的丈夫羅登最后看清了蓓姬的為人，離開(kāi)了她，死在他鄉(xiāng)。蓓姬又與阿米利亞的兄弟約瑟夫結(jié)婚?；楹笏部辞辶溯砑У臑槿恕２痪盟踩ナ懒?。蓓姬的相好，伯爵老斯臺(tái)恩，最后也離開(kāi)了她?？肆_萊富婆讓羅登的哥哥匹特繼承了她的財(cái)產(chǎn)。匹特及其子小匹特死后，富婆的遺產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)為蓓姬之子小羅登所有。此時(shí)蓓姬也感悟到過(guò)去自己的所作所為沒(méi)有什么意義，而且并不光彩，開(kāi)始從事慈善事業(yè)。2021/5/916CharacterAnalysisofVanityFaircharactersAmeliaSedley

RebeccaSharp

abourgeoissociety

cunning,immoralandquick-witted

隨機(jī)應(yīng)變的shrewd,unscrupulous,sophisticated世故的simple,sentimental,weak,butgoodatheart

2021/5/917AnalysisofVanity

FairInthenovel,BeckySharpisaclassicexampleofthismoney-grubbinginstinct(本能).EveryonewishestogainsomethinginVanityFairandactsalmostinthesamemannerasBecky.2021/5/918TheCharacteristicsof

VanityFair(1)VanityFairhasasub-title,ANovelWithoutaHero,whichintendstoportraythebourgeoisandaristocraticsocietyasawhole.2021/5/919TheCharacteristicsof

VanityFair(2)VanityFairisworkofsocialcriticism,andisnotedfortheauthor’srealisticdepiction,theironicandsarcastictoneandconstantcommentandcriticism.(3)InVanityFair,Thackeraygivesblockcharacters(人物群體).2021/5/920TheCharacteristicsof

VanityFair(4)ThackerayusessymbolisminVanityFair.(5)Thackerayemploysanomniscient(無(wú)所不知的)narratortotellthestory.2021/5/921CommentsonThackeray’sNovels1)Thackerayisoneofthe

greatestcriticalrealistsofthe19thcenturyEurope.Hepaintslifeashehasseenit.Withhispreciseandthoroughobservation,richknowledgeofsociallifeandofthehumanheart,thepicturesinhisnovelsareaccurateandtruetolife.2021/5/9222)Thackerayisasatirist.Hissatireiscaustic(刻薄的，尖銳的)andhishumorsubtle(精妙的).3)Thackerayisamoralist.Hisaimistoproduceamoralimpressioninallhisnovels.2021/5/923WhatarethedifferencesbetweenDickensandThackeray?2021/5/924Theirdifferences:①TheworlddescribedbyThackeraywasadifferentonefromthatofDickens.Thackeraymainlydescribedthelivesofaristocratsandrichpeople,whereasDickens’chiefcontributionwashisdescriptionofthecommonpeople,likeOliveTwist.2021/5/925②Dickenswasasentimentalist.Helikedtoseizeeveryopportunitytoarousetheemotionsofhisreaders.Hewasnotedforhispatheticscenes.Tha