專升本公共英語虛擬語氣

SubjunctiveMood虛擬語氣虛擬語氣(subjunctivemood),表示所說的話只是一種主觀的愿望,假想和建議等.1.虛擬語氣的形式2.虛擬語氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的應(yīng)用3.虛擬語氣在其它從句中的應(yīng)用4.練習(xí)

第一講.動(dòng)詞的虛擬語氣

(1)用法虛擬語氣用在if/suppose/supposing引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中

虛擬時(shí)間條件狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞

主句的謂語動(dòng)詞與過去的事實(shí)相反Had+V過去分詞(過去完成時(shí))should/would/might/could+have+v過去分詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反v過去式(be的過去式通常用were)should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形

對(duì)將來可能出現(xiàn)的事實(shí)進(jìn)行相反的假設(shè)

過去式(be動(dòng)詞的過去式常用were)should(適用于所有人稱)+動(dòng)詞原形were+to+動(dòng)詞原形should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形Ⅰif條件句的虛擬語氣

if的非真實(shí)條件從句對(duì)現(xiàn)在,過去,將來的事實(shí)進(jìn)行虛擬時(shí),主句和if從句的謂語動(dòng)詞形式如下:1.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí),其表現(xiàn)形式為:if+主語+v-ed,主語+would(或might,could,should)+v.Eg:Ifweleftnow,weshouldarriveontime.IfIwereyou,Iwouldrefusethemoney.虛擬語氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的應(yīng)用2.與過去事實(shí)相反時(shí),其表現(xiàn)形式為:if主語+hadv-ed,主語+would(或Might,could,should)+havev-ed.Eg:Wewouldhavevisitedyouifwehadhadtime.Iwouldn’thaveknownthatthingifIhadn’tbeentold.3.與將來事實(shí)相反時(shí),其表現(xiàn)形式為:if主語+should(或wereto)+v.,主語+Would(或might,could,should)+v.Eg:Ifyoushoulddroptheglass,itwouldbreak.Ifyoushouldleavethereforawhile,you’dchangeyourmindaboutthatplace.4.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間句的虛擬語氣

當(dāng)條件從句與結(jié)果主句所表示的時(shí)間不一致時(shí),虛擬語氣的形式應(yīng)當(dāng)做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整.如:IfIhadspokentohimyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.Youwouldbemuchbetternowifyouhadtakenmyadvice.Iffatherhadn’tsentme,Ishouldn’tbehere.5.if的省略(1)在正式文體中，當(dāng)if條件句中含有助動(dòng)詞had,should或were時(shí)，可以省略if,而將had,should或were提到句首，從而構(gòu)成倒裝虛擬句。Eg:Hadsuchdisasteroccurred,thedamagewouldhavebeenincalculable.

Werehetotelluseverything,wewouldtrytosolvethisproblem.(2)如果if條件句是含not的否定句，省略if時(shí),not不能與助動(dòng)詞had,should或were同時(shí)提前。Eg:Haditnotbeenfortheirassistance,wecouldn’thavefinishedthetaskaheadoftime.Ⅱ虛擬語氣在wish后從句中的應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞wish后所跟的賓語從句表示實(shí)現(xiàn)可能性極小或與事實(shí)相反的情況,從句用虛擬語氣.(1)表示與現(xiàn)在情況相反的愿望時(shí),句式為:主語+wish+(that)+賓語從句(謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí))Eg:IwishIwereabird.IwishIcouldchangemyjob.(2)表示與過去情況相反的愿望時(shí),句式為:主語+wish+(that)賓語從句(謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)/could+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))Eg:Iwishthathehadnotmadesomuchfussaboutit.

(3)表示對(duì)將來發(fā)生的事情表示希望,祝愿等時(shí),句式為:主語+wish+賓語從句(謂語動(dòng)詞用would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形)Eg:IwishIcouldseeyoulater.Iwishhemighttryagain.

2.虛擬語氣在ifonly感嘆句中的應(yīng)用Ifonly后面的句子用虛擬語氣,表示“但愿”,“要是…就好了”,其用法基本與wish相同.Eg:Ifonlyhehadfollowedyouradvice.Ifonlyshewouldcome.3.在asif引導(dǎo)的表示虛擬的表語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用were型虛擬式表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，用

hadbeen型虛擬式表示對(duì)過去情況的假設(shè)。Eg:Youlookasifyouhadatoothache..如果說話人所表示的不是假設(shè)的情況，而是一種可能的事實(shí)，asif引導(dǎo)的表語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞使用陳述語氣。Eg:Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.4.虛擬語氣在“It’s+about/hightime+從句”中的應(yīng)用在It’sabout/hightime+從句的結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句用一般過去時(shí)的虛擬語氣.Eg:“Youareveryselfish.It’shightimethatyourealizedthatyouarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld.”Edgersaidtohisbossangrily.Itisabouttimethatwewenttoschool.6.supposing,suppose,evenif也可引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句。Eg:Supposingitwerefinetomorrow,wouldyougoswimmingwithus?有時(shí)suppose或supposing單獨(dú)引起一個(gè)句子，用于提出建議或假設(shè)。Eg:Supposewestartedtomorrow.7.虛擬語氣在incase,lest或forfearthat等從句中的用法

incase,lest或forfearthat引起的從句常用虛擬語氣,表示“以防,以免”,形式為should+動(dòng)詞原形.Eg:Hetookhisraincoatwithhimincaseitshouldrain.Theyoungdriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestitshouldgowrongontheway.8.4種要用should的動(dòng)詞1.表示建議：2.表示主張：3.表示要求：4.表示命令：Eg:Thelawyeraskedthatthecaseshouldbepostponedforonemonth.Thedetectiveinsistedthatheshouldhavealook.

insist意為“堅(jiān)持某種動(dòng)作”才用虛擬語氣；意為“堅(jiān)持某種觀點(diǎn)”則不用虛擬語氣。

eg：

Heinsistsheisastudent.他堅(jiān)持說他是個(gè)學(xué)生。這個(gè)語句表示的是事實(shí)，因此在這個(gè)語句中不能使用虛擬語氣。

suggest意為“建議”才用虛擬語氣，意為“暗示”則不用虛擬語氣。

eg：

Hisfacesuggeststhathelooksworried.他的表情暗含著他很擔(dān)心。這個(gè)句子本身是事實(shí)，因此它就沒有用到虛擬語氣。10.虛擬語氣在形容詞短語的that賓語從句中的應(yīng)用主語+be+adj.+that+主語+should+動(dòng)詞原形主語+be+adj.+that+主語+shouldhave+過去分詞Eg:Iamhappythatheshouldagree.Iamashamedthatyoushouldhavedonesuchathing.11.含蓄條件的虛擬語氣假設(shè)的情況有時(shí)不是用一個(gè)條件句來表示，而是隱含在上下文中。表示暗含條件的方式有：1.介詞或介詞短語，如：without,butfor,butthat等。Eg:Butforyourcooperation,wecouldnothavesucceededinourexperiment.2.連詞，如：but,or,orelse等。Eg:Iwouldbemostgladtohelpyou,butI’mbusynow.3.副詞,如：otherwise等。Eg:Wedidn’tknowhistelephonenumber;otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.4.比較等級(jí)。Eg:(1)Amorecarefulpersonwouldn’thavemadesomanymistakes.(2)Givenmoretime,Iwouldhavebeenabletofinishtheexperiment.5.在不少情況下，虛擬式已變成習(xí)慣說法，很難找出其暗含的條件。Eg:Youwouldn’tknow.Iwouldliketocome.Iwouldnothavedreamedofit.1.“Howshouldthecityberun?”“IfI()amayor,Iwouldmakethestreetscleanerandhiremorepolicemen.”A.wouldB.wereC.wouldbeD.should2.Thingsmighthavebeenmuchworseifthemother()onherrighttokeepthebaby.A.hasbeeninsistingB.hadinsistedC.wouldinsistD.insisted3.Asafetyanalysis()thetargetasapotentialdanger.Unfortunately,itwasneverdone.A.wouldidentifyB.willidentifyC.wouldhaveidentifiedD.willhaveidentified4.Jackwishesthathe()businessinsteadofhistorywhenhewasinuniversity.A.studiedB.studyC.hadbeenstudyingD.hadstudied5.Wouldn’tyouratheryourchild()tobedearly?A.goB.wentC.wouldgoD.goes6.Thattrainlookedasifit()foralongtime.A.hadn’tbeenwateredB.hasn’twateredC.didn’twaterD.wasn’twateredBBCD

BAExercisesforyou

7.Weareforyourproposalthatthediscussion().A.beputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istoputoff8.Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthe()himself.A.injureB.hadinjuredC.injuredD.wouldinjure9.It’stime()aboutthetrafficproblemdowntown.A.anythingwillbedoneB.everythingisdoneC.somethingwasdoneD.nothingtobedone10.LookattheterriblesituationI’min!IfonlyI()youradvice.A.followB.hadfollowedC.wouldfollowedD.havefollowed11.Thebusinessofeachday,()sellinggoodsorshippingthem,wentquitesmoothly.A.itbeingB.beitC.wasitD.itwas12.Rebecca()meearlierifshedidnotlikeherhousesheboughtlastmonth.A.toldB.wouldtellC.hadtoldD.wouldhavetoldACBBD1.如果我是你，我會(huì)更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)。IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyharder.Translation:2.我昨天要是去看醫(yī)生就好了。這樣，我現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該感覺好多了。IwishIhadgonetoseethedoctoryesterday.Ifso,Ishouldfeelbetternow.3.（如果）

沒有因特網(wǎng)，生活將會(huì)很枯燥。WithoutInternet/IftherewerenoInternet,lifewouldbeveryboring.4.我明天如果有時(shí)間，我能幫你學(xué)英語的,但是我得參加一個(gè)重要會(huì)議。IcouldhelpyouwithyourEnglishifIhadtime,butIwillhavetoattendanimportantmeeting.5.如果我上周見著了史密斯先生，我就會(huì)已經(jīng)告訴他這件事了。

IfIhadmetProfessorSmithlastweek,Iwouldhavetoldhimaboutit.

1.IfIhadhadenoughtime,I___mywork.

A.wouldfinish

B.musthavefinished

C.wouldhavefinished

D.hadfinished

2.Tenminutesearlier,they___theplane.

A.willcatch

B.wouldcatch

C.wouldhavecaught

D.willhavecaught

3.MrGreenrequiresthatthestudents___acompositioneveryotherweek.

A.write

B.writen

C.wouldwrite

D.willwrite

4.Hadhestudiedhard,he___theexam.

A.wouldpass

B.couldpass

C.hadpassed

D.wouldhavepassed

5.IwishI___whatishappeningthereinhisroom.

A.know

B.known

C.knew

D.shouldknow

6.Itisimportantthatyou___sportseveryday.

A.have

B.wouldhave

C.musthave

D.willhave

8.___whatwasgoingtohappen,Iwouldneverhaveleftheralone.

A.HadIknown

B.IfI