初中英語閱讀理解專題

諾貝爾的故事AlfredNobel,thegreatSwedishinventorandindustrialist,wasborninStockholmonOctober21,1833,butmovedtoRussiawithhisparentsin1842,wherehisfather,Immanuel,madeastrongpositionforhimselfintheengineeringindustry.ImmanuelNobelinventedlandmineandmadealotofmoneyfromthegovernmentduringtheCrimeanWar,butwentbankruptsoonafter.Then,thefamilyreturnedtoSwedenin1859,whereAlfredbeganhisownstudyofexplosivesinhisfather’slab.Hehadneverbeentoschooloruniversitybuthadtaughthimself,andbythetimehewastwenty,hebecameaskillfulchemistandexcellentlinguist,speakingSwedish,Russian,German,FrenchandEnglish.Hebuiltupover80companiesin20differentcountries.Hewasalwayssearchingforameaningtolife.Hespentmuchtimeandmoneyworkingonhowtoendthewars,andthepeacebetweennations,untilhisdeathinItalyin1896.Hisfamouslastwill,inwhichheleftmoneytoprovideprizesforoutstandingworkinphysics,chemistry,physiology,medicine,literatureandpeace,isamemorialtohisinterestsandideas.Andso,themanisrememberedandrespectedlongafterhisdeath.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇能回答所提問題的正確答案。WherewasAlfredNobelborn?Hewasbornin.A.Sweden B.StockholmC.Russia D.MoscowWhatdidImmanuelNobelinventedduringtheCrimeanWar?A.Theengineeringindustry. B.Astrongposition.C.Landmine. D.Studyofexplosives.WhydidAlfredNobelreturntoSweden?Becausehisfather.A.wentbankrupt B.wasputinprisonC.wasill D.diedHowmanycompaniesdidAlfredNobelbuildup?Hebuiltupcompaniesindifferentcountries.A.20 B.40C.60 D.80WhatwasAlfredNobelalwayssearingfor?.A.MoretimeandmoremoneyB.AmeaningtolifeC.Howtoendthewar D.Thepeacebetweennations【答案及解析】8。根據(jù)AlfredNobel,thegreatSwedishinventorandindustrialist,wasborninStockholmonOctober21,1833.（偉大的瑞典發(fā)明家和實業(yè)家諾貝爾于1883年10月21日出生于斯德哥爾摩）就能確定正確選項。&根據(jù)ImmanuelNobelinventedlandmineandmadealotofmoneyfromthegovernmentduringtheCrimeanWar（以馬利.諾貝爾在克里米亞戰(zhàn)爭中發(fā)明地雷，掙了很多錢）就能確定正確答案。A。根據(jù)wentbankruptsoonafter（不久破產(chǎn)了）就能確定正確答案（from）0Do根據(jù)Hebuiltupover80companiesin20differentcountries（他在20個國家建了80多個公司）就能確定答案。Bo根據(jù)Hewasalwayssearchingforameaningtolife（他總是在搜索生活的意義）就能確定答案?！?1＞她用愛創(chuàng)造奇跡Aneight-year-oldchildheardherparentstalkingaboutherlittlebrother.Allsheknewwasthathewasverysickandtheyhadnomoney.Onlyaveryexpensiveoperationcouldsavehimnowandtherewasnoonetolendthemthemoney.Whensheheardherdaddysaytohertearfulmother,“Onlyamiraclecansavehimnow,”thelittlegirlwenttoherbedroomandpulledhermoneyfromitshidingplaceandcounteditcarefully.Shehurriedtoadrugstore（藥店）withthemoneyinherhand.“Andwhatdoyouwant?”askedthesalesman.“It’sformylittlebrother,”thegirlanswered.“He’sreally,reallysickandIwanttobuyamiracle.”“Pardon?”saidthesalesman.“MybrotherAndrewhassomethingbadgrowinginsidehisheadandmydaddysaysonlyamiraclecansavehim.Sohowmuchdoesamiraclecost?”“Wedon’tsellamiraclehere,child.I’msorry,”thesalesmansaidwithasmile.“Listen,ifitisn'tenough,Icantryandgetsomemore.Justtellmehowmuchitcosts.”Awell-dressedmanhearditandasked,“Whatkindofamiracledoesyourbrotherneed?”“Idon'tknow,”sheansweredwithhereyesfulloftears.“He'sreallysickandmumsaysheneedsanoperation.Butmydaddycan'tpayforit,soIhavebroughtallmymoney.”“Howmuchdoyouhave?”askedtheman.“$1.11,butIcantryandgetsomemore,”sheanswered.“Well,whatluck,”smiledtheman.“$1.11,thepriceofamiracleforlittlebrothers.”Hetookupthegirl'shandandsaid,“Takemetowhereyoulive.Iwanttoseeyourbrotherandmeetyourparents.Let'sseeifIhavethekindofmiracleyouneed.”Thatwell-dressedmanwasDrCarltonArmstrong,afamousdoctor.Theoperationwassuccessfulanditwasn’tlongbeforeAndrewwashomeagain.Howmuchdidthemiraclecost?(from)根據(jù)以上短文內(nèi)容，然后從每題所給的四個選項中選擇最佳選項。Whatwasthetroubleinthelittlegirl‘sfamily?Herbrotherwasseriouslyill.Theyhadnomoney.Nothingcouldsaveherbrother.BothAandB.Intheeyeofthelittlegirl,amiraclemightbe.somethinginterestingsomethingbeautifulsomewonderfulmedicinesomegoodfoodThatshowsThelittlegirlsaidagainandagain"...Icantryandgetsomemore..ThatshowsshehadstillkeptsomemoneyshehopednottoberefusedTherewasnoneedtoworryaboutmoneyshethoughtmoneywaseasytogetWhatmadethemiraclehappen?Thegirl'sloveforherbrother.Thegirl'smoney.Themedicinefromthedrugstore.Nobodycantell.Fromthepassagewecaninfer（推斷）that.Thedoctordidn’taskforanypayAmiracleissuretohappenifyoukeeponThelittlegirlislovelybutnotsocleverAndrewwasinfactnotsosickastheyhadthought【答案及解析】.選D。根據(jù)第1段中的Allsheknewwasthathewasverysickandtheyhadnomoney可知答案。.選Co由于這個小女孩的家很窮，而她的兄弟又病得那樣重，所以她的父親說Onlyamiraclecansavehimnow,小女孩聽了之后便翻出她所有的“積蓄〃去藥店購買miracle,由此可見，小女孩可能認(rèn)為miracle是一種什么很神奇的藥。注：miracle的實際意思是"奇跡"，Onlyamiraclecansavehimnow的意思是“只有出現(xiàn)奇跡才可能救得了他〃.選DoTheurchin要Paul把車停在他家門前后，立即扶著他殘疾的弟弟出來，讓他看看Paul的車，然后告訴弟弟他想為他做的事，所以他只是想告訴他弟弟他的愿望。.選CoTheurchin在坐過Paul的車后沒有忘記弟弟，并且承諾也要給弟弟買一輛車，可見他對弟弟有著一份深深的愛。答案選C,而A、B、D三項與文章不符。.選Co通讀全文，我們不得不為Theurchin的行為所感動，他是一個好哥哥。文章就是講述了他這樣的一位好哥哥，C選項最合適。友誼地久天長這是一首經(jīng)典歌曲，已經(jīng)被幾代人傳唱，每當(dāng)有人唱起這首歌時，依然會讓人熱淚盈眶。因為這首歌中表達(dá)的是一種永恒的情，是每個人都渴望得到的，這就是友誼。ThisisasongmillionsofAmericanswillhearthisNewYear’sEve.ItiscalledAuldLangSyne（《友誼地久天長》）.ItisthetraditionalmusicplayedduringtheNewYear’scelebration.AuldLangSyneisanoldScottishpoem.Ittellsabouttheneedtorememberoldfriends.Thewords“auldlangsyne”mean“oldlongsince”.Nooneknowswhowrotethepoemfirst.However,aversionbyScottishpoetRobertBumswaspublished（出版）in1796.Thewordsandmusicweknowtodayfirstappearedinasongbookthreeyearslater.ThesongisplayedintheUnitedStatesmainlyonNewYear’sEve.Theversion（譯文）youarehearingtodayisbytheWashingtonSaxophoneQuartet.AsweendourprogramwithAuldLangSyne.IwouldliketowishallofourradiofriendsaveryHappyNewYear!ThisisBuddyThomas.根據(jù)以上短文內(nèi)容，然后從每題所給的四個選項中選擇最佳選項Whereisthispassagefrom?A.Anewspaper.B.Amagazine.C.ATVprogram.D.Aradioprogram.WhoisintroducingAuldLangSynetous?RobertBums.TheWashingtonSaxophoneQuartet.BuddyThomas.Thepassagedoesn’ttellus.3.WhenisAuldLangSynemainlyplayedintheUSAaccordingtothepassage?OnNewYear’sEve.OnChristmasEve.Onweekends.D.Onholidays.WhendidthewordsandmusicofAuldLangSyneweknowtodayfirstappear?A.In1790.B.In1793.C.In1796.D.In1799.What’sAuldLangSyneabout?It’saboutthehistoryofScotland.It’saboutanoldScottishpoet.It’sabouttheneedtorememberoldfriends.It’saboutthewishestotheradiofriends.【答案及解析】.選D。從最后句子AsweendourprogramwithAuldLangSyne.IwouldliketowishallofourradiofriendsaveryHappyNewYear!ThisisBuddyThomas.我們可以知道，這是播音員在結(jié)束節(jié)目時才會說的話，所以可以推斷出這篇短文來自Aradioprogram（一個廣播節(jié)目）。答案為D。.選C。最后一句話告訴我們播音員是BuddyThomas，所以答案是C。.選A。短文的第1句ThisisasongmillionsofAmericanswillhearthisNewYear,sEve.就告訴了我們,這首歌是在NewYear,sEve聽的，所以答案選擇A。.選D。從第2段可以知道這首歌的前身是apoem（一首詩），在1796年出版,而Thewordsandmusicweknowtodayfirstappearedinasongbookthreeyearslater.3年以后歌曲才出現(xiàn)，所以應(yīng)該是在1799年。因此答案是D.選C。在第1段播音員就告訴我們：Ittellsabouttheneedtorememberoldfriends.所以答案是C?！构?jié)約用水Napogaisa12-year-oldgirlinGhana（加納）,Africa.Itishardforherfamilytogetcleanwater.Everymorning,sheleaveshomeathalfpastfivetogetcleanwaterforherfamilyinavillagefaraway.Ittakeshersixhourstogetenoughcleanwaterfordaily（日常）cookinganddrinking.Shehasnotimetogotoschoolortoplaywithherfriends.MillionsofpeopleintheworldarelikeNapoga.Theycan’tgetenoughcleanwatertokeephealthy.EarthDayisApril22.Butonallotherdays,wemustalsorememberit.Thewaterweuseisthemostimportantnaturalresource（自然資源）ontheearth.Watercovers70%oftheearth’ssurface（表面）.Butmostofthatisseawater.Wecan’tuseitforverymanythings.Freshwatercoversonly1%oftheearth’ssurface.Youprobablyfeelluckythatyourlifeisn’tashardasNapoga’s.Butthatdoesn’tmeanyoudon’thavetoworryaboutwater.Weallfaceseriouswaterproblems.Oneofthemiswaterpollution.Allkindsofthingsfromcars,factories,farmsandhomesmakeourrivers,lakes,andoceansdirty.Pollutedwaterisverybadforpeopletodrink.Anddirtywaterisbadforfish,too.Now,34%ofallkindsoffisharedyingout.Howdocarsandfactoriesmakeourwaterdirty?First,theypollutetheair.Then,whenitrains,therainwatercomesdownandmakesourdrinkingwaterdirty.Dirtyrain,calledacidrain（酸雨），isalsobadforplants,animalsandbuildings.Scientistssaythatin30years,morethanhalfofthepeopleintheworldwon'thaveenoughcleanwater.Wehavetolearnhowtosavemorewaterforourselvesandourchildren.Hereissomeadviceforsavingwater:?Turnoffthewaterwhileyoubrushyourteeth.Youcansaveasmuchas450liters（升）eachmonth.?Leakytaps（漏水的龍頭）wastealotofwater.Fixthemrightaway!?Youcaneasilycutyour10-minuteshowers（ 沐?。﹊nhalf-andyou'llbejustasclean.?Whenyouwashdishes,don'tletthewaterrun.?Onlywashclotheswhenyouhavealottowash.Ifyourwashingmachineisn'tfull,you'rewastingwater!根據(jù)以上短文內(nèi)容，然后從每題所給的四個選項中選擇最佳選項。EverymorningNapogawenttogetcleanwater.A.beforeshewenttoschoolB.aftershefinishedschoolCwithoutgoingtoschoolD.aftersheplayedwithherfriendsOntheearth,.A.seawateriswidelyusedthanfreshwaterB.thereisverylittlewaterforourlivingC.thereis71%offreshwaterD.wedon’tneedtoworryaboutwaterAcidrain.isonlybadforlivingthingscanbeproducedinfactoriesdoesn’tdoharmtopeople,butit’sbadforplants,animalsandbuildingsdoesn’tjustdoharmtohumanbeingsbuttoanimals,plantsandbuildingsWhichofthefollowingwasteswater?Weneedtenminutesifwewantacleanshower.Weshouldputinenoughclotheswhenwewashtheminwashingmachines.Youcankeepyourselfcleanbyhavingashowerforfiveminutes.Don'tletthewaterrunwhenwebrushourteethandwashdishes.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?Somethingmustbedonetopreventwaterformbeingpolluted.Cleanwatermeansmuchtohumanbeingsandlivingthingsaroundus.It'stimetotakecareofthewaterweuse.Wateristhemostimportantnaturalresourceontheearth.【答案及解析】.選C。從第1段中的句子Shehasnotimetogotoschool可知，她根本沒有去上學(xué)。故選C。.選B。短文第3段中介紹了全球70%被水覆蓋，但只有1%才是飲用淡水。而世界上的很多國家和地區(qū)都缺水。所以選B項，即我們的生活用水很少。.選D。由第5段中的句子Dirtyrain,calledacidrain,isalsobadforplantsanimalsandbuildings.可知，acidrain(酸雨)的危害很大。故答案選D。.選A。A選項與C選項相互矛盾，則必有一個為正確選項。而從第3點建議(advice)可知，你可以沐浴只須五分鐘來節(jié)約用水，若用10分鐘則是浪費水。故選A。.選C。讀完全文我們知道地球上的水資源有限，所以大家都要節(jié)約用水。故選C。<!1>浪費可恥Wastecanbeseeneverywhereintheschool.Somestudentsaskformorefoodthantheycaneatandothersoftenforgettoturnoffthelightswhentheyleavetheclassroom.Theysaytheycanaffordthesethings.ButIdon’tagreewiththem.Wastecanbringalotofproblems.AlthoughChinaisrichinsomeresources（資源）,weareshortof（缺乏）others,forexample,freshwater（淡水）.Itisreportedthatwewillhavenocoal（煤）oroiltousein100years.Soifwegoonwastingourresources,whatcanweuseinthefutureandwherecanwemove?Thinkaboutit.Ithinkweshouldsaynotothestudentswhowastethingseveryday.Everybodyshouldstopwastingassoonaspossible.Inoureverydaylife,wecandomanythingstopreventwastefromhappening,for