it的用法總結(jié)與練習

it的用法西安市第八十五中學英語組王宏波第1頁，共29頁?！靖呖甲呦颉縄t的用法在高考中也是重現(xiàn)率較高的語言點。其考查方式多通過“單項填空”進行，偶爾也出現(xiàn)在“短文改錯”和“完形填空”中。14.Thedoctorthought______wouldbegood

foryoutohaveaholiday.（2010全國卷II）

A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it答案：D解析：考查It的用法。It的兩個重要用法是作形式主語和形式賓語。本題考查形式賓語，it在這里代指后面的真正賓語tohaveaholiday。第2頁，共29頁。（2010陜西卷短文改錯）

Mysistersawalovelycupwhenweareshoppingtheotherday.Shelikeditatonce.Thenshebentdownandpickeduptolookatapriceonit....

解析：pickup中間應(yīng)加上it，指代上文提到的alovelycup.第3頁，共29頁。

it的基本用法一、代詞it （1）用作人稱代詞，代替前文提到過的事物。

Thatvaseisvaluable.It’smorethan200yearsold.

那個花瓶很珍貴，它有200多年的歷史。

Iloveswimming.Itkeepsmefit.我喜歡游泳，它能使我保持健康。（2）用以代替提示代詞this,that。 —What’sthis?—It’saknife. —Whosewatchisthat?—It’smine.（3）起指示代詞的作用，指一個人或事物。 —Whoisknockingatthedoor?—It’sme.（4）表示天氣、氣候、溫度、時間、地點、距離、環(huán)境等意義的句子中。 Itishalfpastthreenow.現(xiàn)在是三點半鐘。

Itissixmilestothenearesthospitalfromhere.

這里離最近的醫(yī)院也有六英里。

Itwasverycold;itsnowedandgrewdark.

天氣很冷；天下著雪，漸漸地變黑了。

Itwasverynoisy(quiet)attheverymoment.第4頁，共29頁。（5）it也常用來表示一般的籠統(tǒng)的情況。如：

It’sawful—I’vegotsomuchworkIdon’tknowwheretostart.

糟透了——我有這么多工作要做我不知從何開始。

Howisitgoingwithyou?

Takeiteasy.

it與one的區(qū)別：這兩個詞都可以代表前面說過的名詞，但it用于同名同物的場合；one則用于同名異物的場合。 —Doyoustillhavethebicycle?

—No,Ihavesoldit.

—Isthisknifeyours?

—No.ItisXiaoZhang’s.Mineistheoneonthedesk.

it與that的區(qū)別：兩詞都可代替某一特定名詞，但that指同一類，并非同一個。TheclimateofSouthChinaismild（溫和的）;Ilikeitverymuch.（it指theclimateofSouthChina）TheclimateofSouthChinaismuchbetterthanthatofJapan.（that指theclimate）第5頁，共29頁。二、引導(dǎo)詞it

it充當形式主語或形式賓語，本身無意義，只起一種先行引導(dǎo)的作用。后面的真正主語或真正賓語通常是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)、-ing分詞結(jié)構(gòu)或名詞性從句。（1）用作形式主語Itisdifficulttotranslatethisarticle.翻譯這篇文章很難。Itisgettinghardereverydayforalazymantogetaliving.懶漢謀生是日益困難了。Whattimewoulditbemostconvenientformetocallagain?什么時候我再給你打電話最合適？Itisnousegoingtheresoearly.這么早去那里沒有用。Ithasbeenagreathonouryourcomingtovisitme.你的來訪是我很大的榮幸。Itisstrangethathedidnotcomeatall.真奇怪，他竟還沒來。Itdoesn’tmatterwhatyoudo.什么都沒關(guān)系。第6頁，共29頁。（2）用作形式賓語Ifounditdifficulttoexplaintohimwhathappened.我覺得向他解釋清發(fā)生了什么事很困難。Hethoughtitnousegoingoverthesubjectagain.他認為再討論這個問題沒有用了。Theykeptitquietthathewasdead.他們對他的死保密。Wemustmakeitcleartothepublicthatsomethingshouldbedonetostoppollution.我們必須使公眾明白應(yīng)該采取措施制止污染。第7頁，共29頁。(3)強調(diào)句型引導(dǎo)詞it.a.強調(diào)句句型 1)陳述句的強調(diào)句型：Itis/was+被強調(diào)部分（通常是主語、賓語或狀語）+that/who（當強調(diào)主語且主語指人）+其它部分。 ItwasyesterdaythathemetLiPing. 2)一般疑問句的強調(diào)句型：同上，只是把is/was提到it前面。 WasityesterdaythathemetLiPing? 3)特殊疑問句的強調(diào)句型：被強調(diào)部分（通常是疑問代詞或疑問副詞）+is/was+it+that/who+其它部分？ Whenandwherewasitthatyouwereborn?第8頁，共29頁。4)強調(diào)句例句：

針對ImetLiMingattherailwaystationyesterday.句子進行強調(diào)。強調(diào)主語：ItwasIthat(who)metLiMingattherailwaystationyesterday.強調(diào)賓語：ItwasLiMingthatImetattherailwaystationyesterday.強調(diào)地點狀語：ItwasattherailwaystationthatImetLiMingyesterday.強調(diào)時間狀語：ItwasyesterdaythatImetLiMingattherailwaystation.5)注意：構(gòu)成強調(diào)句的it本身沒有詞義；強調(diào)句中的連接詞一般只用that,who，即使在強調(diào)時間狀語和地點狀語時也如此，that,who不可省略；強調(diào)句中的時態(tài)只用兩種，一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。原句謂語動詞是一般過去時、過去完成時和過去進行時，用Itwas…，其余的時態(tài)用Itis…。第9頁，共29頁。b.not…until…句型的強調(diào)句1)句型為：Itis/wasnotuntil+被強調(diào)部分+that+其它部分普通句：Hedidn’tgotobeduntil/tillhiswifecameback.強調(diào)句：Itwasnotuntilhiswifecamebackthathewenttobed.2)注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是強調(diào)句型，till,until可通用；因為句型中Itis/wasnot…已經(jīng)是否定句了，that后面的從句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。第10頁，共29頁。c.謂語動詞的強調(diào)1)Itis/was…that…結(jié)構(gòu)不能強調(diào)謂語，如果需要強調(diào)謂語時，用助動詞do/does或did。Dositdown.務(wù)必請坐。Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.上周他確實給你寫了信。Dobecarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.過馬路時，務(wù)必（千萬）要小心??！2)注意：此種強調(diào)只用do/does和did，沒有別的形式；過去時用did，后面的謂語動詞用原形。第11頁，共29頁。it的句型1.It

is

+（心理品質(zhì)方面的）adj.＋of

+

sb.

+to

do.=

主語+

be

+形容詞＋to

do.修飾人，of后引出的名詞或代詞不但是后面不定式的邏輯主語，而且也是前面adj.的邏輯主語。所以，這種句子中的adj.一般都是表示人的特性的adj.(常用的形容詞有kind,

stupid;

foolish,

good,

wise,selfish,unfair,silly,polite等。)

It

is

kind

of

you

to

help

me.＝Y(jié)ou

are

kind

to

help

me.Itwassillyofyoutobelievehim.Itwasstupidofhertomakesuchamistake.

第12頁，共29頁。2.It

is

+adj.(possible,

impossible,

necessary等)

＋for+

sb.+

to

do.

修飾物，for后引出的名詞或代詞只是后面不定式的邏輯主語，而不是前面adj.的邏輯主語。ItisnecessaryforustolearnEnglishwell.Itisimpossibleforhimtowalk30mileswithinanhour.Itiseasyforyoutolistentotheteacherattentively.第13頁，共29頁。3.It

is

/

was＋被強調(diào)的部分＋that(who)+剩余的部分.如：It

wasn't

until

he

came

back

that

I

went

to

bed.直到他回來我才睡覺。It

was

because

he

was

ill

that

he

didn't

come

to

school

today.只因為他有病了今天沒有來上學。It

is

I

who

am

a

student.

我確實是個學生。（句中am不能用are來代替。）第14頁，共29頁。4.容易與強調(diào)句混淆的固定句型中1.)Itisthefirsttime(that)主語+havedone...2.)Itwasthefirsttime(that)主語+haddone...3.)It

is

(high)

time

+

(that)

主語＋should

do

/

did...4.)It

is

+段時間＋since+主語＋did.

It

was

+段時間＋since+主語＋had

done.

5.)It

is/was＋表示地點的名詞＋where+從句（本句不是強調(diào)句型，而是以where引導(dǎo)的定語從句。）6.)It

is

/

was

+表示時間的名詞＋when+從句。（本句不是強調(diào)句型，而是以when引導(dǎo)的定語從句。）7.)It

+謂語＋段時間＋before+主語＋謂語.（

before引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句。）8.)It's+地點狀語+that...9.)It's+時間狀語+that...Itisthefirsttime(that)Ihavebeenhere.(定從）Itwasthefirsttime(that)Ihadvisitedtheplace.(定從）Itis(high)time(that)hewenttoschool.(虛擬定語從句）ItisalongtimesinceImetyoulast.(時間狀從）It'llbeanotheryearbeforehecomeshere.(時間狀語從句）Itwasalready8o'clockwhenhecameback.(時間狀語從句）ItisthetownwhereIwasborn.(定從）ItwasinthetownthatIcametoknowhim.(強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)）Itwas3yearsagothathejoinedthearmy.(強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)）It

will

be

three

hours

before

he

comesback.（之后...才...)It

wasn't

long

before

the

people

inthat

country

rose

up.

沒有多久那個國家的人民就起義了。第15頁，共29頁。5.由it構(gòu)成的常用詞組Itappears...that在...看來似乎Itcanbesaidthat可以說Itcanbeseenthat可見，可以說Ithappenedthat碰巧，偶然Ithasbeenprovedthat已經(jīng)證明Itisafactthat事實上Itisapitythat可惜，遺憾Itisawonderthat奇怪的是Itisnousethat是無用的Itisobviousthat顯然，很明顯Itisexpectedthat人們希望，預(yù)期Itislikelythat很可能，大概Itseems/looksasif仿佛像是Itispointedoutthat有人指出Itmakesnodifferencethat...都是一樣，無區(qū)別Ittakessb.todosth.某人花費...做...Italldepends.=Thatdepends.視情況而定Ifitisconvenienttoyou如你方便時believeitornot信不信由你asitis事實上，其實Itisapleasuretodo...高興做Ifithadnotbeenfor=butfor要不是Itisnogood(use)doingsth.第16頁，共29頁。高考鏈接1.Hedidn’tmake____clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.(天津2007)A.this B.that C.it D.these2.____isourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy.(浙江2006)A.As B.That C.This D.ItCD第17頁，共29頁。3.ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but______didn’thelp.(2005全國)A.it B.she C.which D.he4.I’dappreciate______ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.(山東2006)A.that B.itC.this D.youAB第18頁，共29頁。5.Itwas______hecamebackfromAfricathatyear______hemetthegirlhewouldliketomarry.(江西2009)A.when;thenB.not;untilC.notuntil;thatD.olny,when6.ItwasalongtheMissippiRiver______MarkTwainspentmuchofhidchildhood.(天津2008)A.howB.whichC.thatD.whereC

C

第19頁，共29頁。改錯Youwon’tfinddifficulttogettothecitycenter.(2004全國)2.Iknowthereisnoteasytobeateacher.(2004湖北)3.ThisisnotsurprisingthattheSilverGhostwasregardedas“thebestcarintheworld”.

find后加itthere→itThis→It第20頁，共29頁。Exercises:1.Ihate______whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.them2.Inwhichplayis______yourbrotherwillappear?A.thatwhereB.thiswhenC.itthatD.itwhere3.______theharderyouwork,thebetterresultyou’llget.A.It’sbelievedthatB.WhatwebelievedthatC.It’sfactD.WhatthefactisACA第21頁，共29頁。4.Nothingcanstopus,_______?A.can’titB.canitC.can’tweD.canwe5.---Canyoutellushowthewarwaswonintheend?---Idon’tknow,________.A.It’shardtosayB.Itdoesn’tmatterC.It’snousesayingD.ItdependsontheworkBA第22頁，共29頁。6.Does______matteralotwhethershewillcomeherebybusorbytaxi?A.ThethingB.thatC.itD.hermother7.---Listen!Someoneisunlockingthegoods.---_____mustbeyourfathercomingbackfromBeijing.A.ItB.ThereC.ThatD.ThisCA第23頁，共29頁。8.---Haveyouwrittenalettertoher?---No,butI’mgoingtowrite_____tonight.A.itB.thatC.thoseD.one9.---Aretheycomingtothemeeting?---________.A.IknowsoB.IamsuresoC.IamsureofitD.Iquestionit10._______nowprettylate,wetookcandlesandwentupstairs.A.BeingB.ForC.ForbeingD.ItbeingDAD第24頁，共29頁。11.Theteachertoldthestudents_______.A.whytolearnEnglishimportantB.whywasitimportanttolearnEnglishC.whyitimportanttolearnEnglish