2015年普通高等學(xué)校全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試卷

2015年普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試(浙江卷英選擇題部分(80分第一部分：英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用(30分第一節(jié)：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)填空(200.510分A、B、C和D—Hi，John．Areyou B．Yes．ThatwouldbeC．No．Areyou Jane’sgrandmotherhadwantedtowrite children’sbookformanyyears，butonethingoranotheralwaysgotin Haveyoueverheardofthetreesthatarehomes animalsbothonlandandsea? Itwassonoisythat hearourselves Studieshaveshownthattherightandleft sound Ifyouswiminariverorlake，besuretoinvestigate isbelowthewatersurface．Oftentherearerocksorbrancheshiddeninthewater． Bodylanguagecan alotaboutyourmood，sostandingwithyourarmsfoldedcansendoutasignalthatyouarebeingdefensive．take B．throw C．put D．giveAlbertEinsteinwasbornin1879．Asachild，fewpeopleguessedthathe afamousscientistwhosetheorieswouldchangetheworld．has B．hadC．wasgoingto asinglewordcanchangethemeaningofasentence，asinglesentencecanchangethemeaningofaparagraph．Justas B．Eventhough 10．Mostpeopleworkbecauseit’sunavoidable． Asa B．InC．By D．InWetendtohaveabettermemoryforthingsthatexciteoursensesor ouremotionsthanforstraightfacts．block B．a(chǎn)ppeal C．subscribe D．comeHowwouldyoulike ifyouwerewatchingyourfavoriteTVprogramandsomeonecameintotheroomandjustshutitoffwithoutaskingyou? Mostofus，ifweknowevenalittleaboutwhereourfoodcomesfrom，understandthateverybiteputintoourmouthswas 14．Listeningisthusanactive，nota ，behaviorconsistingofhearing，understandingand Oneofthemosteffectivewaystoreduce istotalkaboutfeelingswithsomeoneyou Ifsteelisheavierthanwater，whyareshipsable onthe Thesecommentscame specificquestionsoftenaskedbylocalnewsmen．A．inmemoryof B．inresponsetoC．intouch D．inpossessionListeningtomusicathomeisonething，goingtohearit liveisquiteanother． C．toperform D．beingperformed19．Creatinganatmosphere employeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge． C．inwhich D．a(chǎn)twhich20．—Whydon’tyouconsideratripto，say，BeijingorHangzhou? A．Iwouldn’tmind B．Thenwe’llgetthereC．Let’scallita D．It’snota第二節(jié)：完形填空(20120分21～40各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、CD)中，SincefinishingmystudiesatHarvardandOxford，I’vewatchedonefriendafteranotherlandfirms，establishedlawfirms，andmajorcorporations，manyarenow21ontheirwaytoimpressivecareers．Bysociety’s22，theyseemtohaveitmade．Onthesurface，thesepeopleseemtobeveryluckyinlife．Astheyleftstudentlifebehind，manyhada outofsmallapartmentsintohighbuildings．Theymadereservationsatrestaurantswherethecostofabottleofwine acollegeyear’smonthlyrent．Theyrecedtheirbelovedoldcarswithexpensivenewsportscars． ofunfriendlycoworkersandfeelsadforeight-hourworkweeksdevotedtotasks．Somedonotrespectthecompaniestheyworkforandtalkoffeelingtiredand However，insteadofdevotingthemselvestotheirwork，theyfindthemselvesworkingtosupport towhichtheyhavesoquickly Peopleoftenspeakoftryingamoresatisfyingpath，and32intheendtheideaofleavingtheirjobstoworkforsomethingthey33orfindingapositionthatwouldgivethemmoretimewiththeirfamiliesalmostalwaysleadsthemtothesameconclusion：it’s34．Theyhaveloans，bills，amortgage(抵押)to35，retirementtosavefor．Theyrecognizethere’ssomething36intheirlives，butit’s37tostepoffthe agetoconsiderthecostsofour39infinancialterms．Butwhataboutthealandsocialcosts40inpursuingmoneyovermeaning?Theseareexactlythekindsofcostsmanyofustendtoignore—andtheveryonesweneedtoconsidermost．27．A．comC．a(chǎn)p33．A．letB．turnC．giveD．believe35．A．takeB．dropC．putD．pay 50分AFromtheverybeginningofschoolwemakebooksandreadingaconstantsourceofpossibleandotherchildren，sothatwecanbesurethey‘‘know”allthewordstheyarereading．Thismeansthatwhentheydon’tknowaword，theyaregoingtomakeamistake，rightinfrontofeveryone．Afterhavingtaughtfifth-gradeclassesforfouryears,Idecidedtotryatallcoststoridthemoftheirfearanddislikeofbooks，andtogetthemtoreadoftenerandmoreOnedaysoonafterschoolhadstarted，Isaidtothem，“NowI’mgoingtosaysomethingaboutreadingthatyouhaveprobablyneverheardateachersaybefore．Iwouldlikeyoutoreadalotofbooksthisyear，butIwantyoutoreadthemonlyforpleasure．Iamnotgoingtoaskyouquestionstofindoutwhetheryouunderstandthebooksornot．Ifyouunderstandenoughofabooktoenjoyitandwanttogoonreadingit,that’senoughforme．AlsoI’mnotgoingtoaskyouwhatwordsmean．”Thechildrensatstunnedandsilent．Wasthisateachertalking?Onegirl，whohadjustcometousfromaschoolwhereshehadhadavervhardtime，lookedatmesteadilyforalongtimeaftermeanthat?”Isaidjustasseriously，“Imeaneverywordofit．”Duringthespringshereallyastonishedme．Oneday，shewasreadingatherdesk．Fromasaid，“Don’tyoufindpartsofitratherheavygoing?”Sheanswered，“Oh，sure，butIjustskipoverthosepartsandgoontothenextgoodpart.”Thisisexactlywhatreadingshouldbeandinschoolsoseldomis—anexciting，joyousadventure．Findsomething，diveintoit，takethegoodparts，skipthebadparts，getwhatyoucanoutofit，goontosomethingelse．Howdifferentisourmean-spirited，pickyinsistencethateverychildgeteverylastlittlescrapof“understanding”thatcanbedugoutofabook．41．Accordingtothepassage，children’sfearanddislikeofbooksmayresultfrom readinglittleandthinkingreadingoftenandbeingmadetoreadtoobeingmadetoreadaloudbeforeTheteachertoldhisstudentsto A．for B．forC．foralarger D．forhigherscoresinUponhearingtheteacher’stalk，thechildrenprobablyfelt itsoundeditwasnotsurprisingatitsoundedtoogoodtobeitwasnodifferentfromotherWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthegirlisTRUEaccordingtotheSheskippedoverthoseeasypartswhileShehadahardtimefinishingtherequiredreadingShelearnedtoappreciatesomepartsofthedifficultSheturnedouttobeatopstudentaftercomingtothisFromtheteacher’spointof children lgoodpartsfrombadpartswhilechildrenshouldbelefttodecidewhattoreadandhowtoreadingisneverapleasantandinspiringexperienceinreadinginvolvesunderstandingeverylittlepieceofBnfraoesecaynubrsprenaes，andotherdata．Agraphgivesthereaderapicturetointerpret．Thatcanbealotmoreefficientthanpagesandpagesexiningthedata．Graphscanseemfrightening，butreadingagraphisalotlikereadingastory．Thegraphhasatitle，amainidea，andsupportingdetails．Youcanuseyouractivereadingskillstoyzeandunderstandgraphsjustlikeanyothertext．Mostgraphshaveafewbasicparts：acaptionorintroductionparagraph，atitle，alegendorkey，andlabeledaxes．Anactivereaderlooksateachpartofthegraphbeforetryingtointerpretthedata．Captionswillusuallylyouwherethedatacamefrom(forexample，ascientificstudyof400Africanelephantsfrom1980to2005)．Captionsusuallysummarizetheauthor’smainpointaswell．Thetitleisveryimportant．Itlsyouthemainideaofthegraphbystatingwhatkindofinformationisbeingshown．Alegend，alsocalledakey，isaguidetothesymbolsandcolorsusedinthegraph．Manygraphs，includingbargraphsandlinegraphs，havetwothatformacorner．Usuallytheseaxesaretheleftsideandthebottomofthegraph．Eachaxiswillalwayshavealabel．Thelabellsyouwhateachaxismeasures．BarAbargraphhastwoaxesandusesbarstoshowamounts．InGraph1，weseethatthex-axiscanseethat6studentsearnedanAbecausethebarforAstretchesupto6ontheverticalmeasurement．Thereisalotofinformationwecangetfromasimplegraphlikethis(SeeGraph1)．Linewithaline．Ithasthesamepartsasabargraph—twolabeledaxes—andcanbereadthesameway．Toreadalinegraph，it’simportanttofocusonthepointsofintersectionratherthanthelinesegmentsbetweenthepoints．Thistypeofgraphismostcommonlyusedtoshowhowsomethingchangesovertime．Hereisagraphthatchartshowfarabirdfliesduringthefirstfivedaysofitsspringmigration(SeeGraph2)．Theunitofmeasurementforthex-axisisday．Theunitofmeasurementforthey-axisisgoesupbetweenDay1andDay2，whichmeansthatthebirdflewfartheronDay2．Ifthelinesegmentangleddown，asbetweenDay4andDay5，itwouldmeanthatthebirdflewfewerkilometersthanthedaybetore．Thislinegraphisaquick，visualwaytolthereaderaboutthebird’smigration．PieAtypicalpiegraphlookslikeacircularpie．Thecirdeisdividedintosections,andeachsectionrepresentsafractionofthedata．Thegraphiscommonlyusedtoshowpercentages；thewholepierepresents100Percent，soeachpieceisafractionofthewhole．Apiegraphmightincludealegend,oritmightuseiconsorlabelswithineachslice．Thispiegraphshowsonemonth’sexpenses(SeeGraph3)．Whenusedinagraph，alegend A．a(chǎn)guidetothesymbolsandB．a(chǎn)nintroductionC．themainD．theWhatisthetotalnumberofstudentswhoearnedaCor Thebirdcoveredthelongestdistance Day B．Day C．Day D．DayWhichofthefollowingcostAmyFood．B．Books．C．Movies．CIfhumansweretrulyathomeunderthelightofthemoonandstars,wewouldgoindarknesshappily,themidnightworldasvisibletousasitistothevastnumberofnocturnal(夜間活動(dòng)的)speciesonthisnet．Instead,wearediurnalcreatures,witheyesadaptedtolivinginthesun’slight．Thisisabasicevolutionaryfact，eventhoughmostofusdon’tthinkofourselvesdiurnalbeings．Yetit’stheonlywaytoexinwhatwe’vedonetothenight：We’veengineeredittoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight．Thebenefitsofthiskindofengineeringcomewithconsequences—calledlightpollution—whoseeffectsscientistsareonlynowbeginningtostudy．Lightpollutionislargelytheresultofbadlightingwashesoutthedarknessofnightandcompleychangesthelightlevels—andrhythms—towhichmanyformsoflife,includingourselves，haveadapted．Whereverhumanlightspillsintothenaturalworld，someaspectoflifeisaffected．Inmostcitiestheskylooksasthoughithasbeenemptiedofstars，leavingbehindavacanthaze(霾)thatmirrorsourfearofthedark．We’vegrownsousedtothisorangehazethattheoriginalgloryofanunlitnight—darkenoughforthenetVenustothrowshadowsonEarth—iswhollvbeyondourexperience，beyondmemoryalmost．thetruth．Amongmlsalone，thenumberofnocturnalspeciesisastonishing．Lightisathatscientistsspeakofsongbirdsandseabirdsbeing“captured”bysearchlightsonlandorbythelightfromgasflaresonmarineoiltforms．Migratingatnight，birdstendtocollidewithbrightlylittallbuildings．livingnearbrightlylithighwayssuffernocturnallightlevelsthatareasmuchasamilliontimesbrighterthannormal，throwingnearlyeveryaspectoftheirbehavioroutofjoint，includingmostothercreatures，wedoneeddarkness．Darknessisasessentialtoourbiologicalwelfare，toourinternalclockwork，aslightitself．Livinginaglareofourownmaking，wehavecutourselvesofffromourevolutionaryandculturalheritage—thelightofthestarsandtherhythmsofdayandnight．Inaveryrealsense，lightpollutioncausesustolosesightofourtrueceintheuniverse，toforgetthescaleofourbeing，whichisbestmeasuredagainstthedimensionsofadeepnightwiththeMilkyWay—theedgeofourgalaxy—archingoverhead．Accordingtothepassage，human prefertoliveintheareusedtolivinginthedaywerecuriousaboutthemidnighthadtostayathomewiththelightoftheWhatdoes“it”(Paragraph1)mostprobablyreferThe B．TheC．The D．TheThewritermentionsbirdsand provideexamplesofanimalshowhowlightpollutionaffectscomparethelivinghabitsofbothexinwhythenumberofcertainspecieshasItisimpliedinthelastparagraph lightpollutiondoesharmtotheeyesightoflightpollutionhasdestroyedsomeoftheworldhumanbeingscannotgototheouterhumanbeingsshouldreflectontheirpositionintheWhatmightbethebesttitlefortheTheMagic B．TheOrangeC．TheDisappearing D．TheRhythmsofDIn2004，whenmydaughterBeckywasten，sheandmyhusband，Joe，wereunitedindesireforadog．Asforme，IsharednoneoftheircanineButwhy，theypleaded“BecauseIdon’thavetimetotakecareofadog”Butwe’lldoit“Really?You’regoingtowalkthedog?Feedthedog?Bathethedog?”Yes，yes，andyes，“Idon’tbelieveyou”ewill．Wepromise．Theydidn’t．Fromdaytwo(everyonewantedtowalkthecutepuppythatfirstday)，neitherthoughttowalkthedog．WhileIwasslowtoacceptthatIwouldbetheonetokeeptrackofhershots，toschedulehervetappointments，tofeedandcleanher，Mistyknewthisondayone．Asshelookedupatthethreenewhumansinherlife(small，medium，andlarge)，calculated“ThepackQuickly，sheandIdevelopedsomethingverysimilartoaVulcanmindmeld(心靈融合)．She’dlookatmewiththosesadbrowneyesofhers，beamherneed，andthenwait，trustingI understand—which，strangely，Ialmostalwaysdid．Innotime，shebecamemyfifthappendage(附肢)，snoringonmyhome-officecouchasIworked，cradlingagainstmyfeetasIread，andsyingacrossmystomachasIwatched walkedNotfairI’dearshotuponourreturnhome．Thenoneday—January1，2007，tobeexact—myhusband’sdoctorutteredanunthinkableword：leukemia(白血病)．Withthat，IspenteighttotenhoursadaywithJoeinthehospital，nganythingandeverythingIcouldtoeasehis fort．Duringthosesixmonthsofhospitalizations，Becky，12atthetime，adjustedtootheradultsbeinginthehousewhenshereturnedfromschool．Myworkcolleaguesadjustedtomytakingoffatamoment’snoticeformedicalemergencies．Everypartofmylifechanged；nopartofmyoldroutineremained．Saveone：Mistystillneededwalking．Atthebeginning，whenfriendsofferedtotakeherthroughherpaces，IdeclinedbecauseIknewtheyhadtheirownhouseholdstodealwith．Asthemonthswentby，IbegantorealizethatIactuallywantedtowalkMisty．ThewalkinthemorningbeforeIheadedtothehospitalwasaquiet,peacefultimetogathermythoughtsortojustbebeforetheday’smedicaldramaunfolded．Theeveningwalkwasatimetoshakeofftheday’supsetsandlettheworrytracksinmyheadgotowhitenoise．Whenseriousillnessvisitsyourhousehold，it’snotjustyourdailyroutineandassumptionsaboutthefuturethatarenolongerfamiliar．Prettymucheveryoneyouknowactstestresults．Onthestreetorinthepark，shehadonlyonethingonhermind：squirrels!Shewassojoyousthatevenontheworstdays，shecouldmakemes．Onadailybasis，sheremindedthatlifegoesAfterJoediedin2009，MistysleptonhisI’mgrateful—toapoint．Thetruthis，afteryearsofbalking，I’vecometoenjoymywalkswithMisty．AsIwatchherchaseafterasquirrel，throwingherwholebeingintothehere-and-nowthepresentorunpredictablethefuture，there’salmostalwayssomemeasureofjoytobeextractedfromthemoment．Whydidn’tthewriteragreetoraiseadogatthebeginningoftheShewasafraidthedogwouldgetthefamilyintoItwouldbeherbusinesstotakecareoftheHerhusbandanddaughterwereunitedasShedidn’twanttospoilherWhichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningto“Themediumoneisthesuckerinthepack．”(Paragraph3)?“Themiddle- lovesmemost”“Themedium-sizedwomanisthehostesse”“Themaninthemiddleistheonewhohasthefinal“ThewomanisthekindandtrustworthyoneintheItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that A．MistywasquitecleverB．MistycouldsolvemathC．thewriterwasaslowD．noonewalkedMistythefirstThestorycametoitsturningpoint JoediedinJoefellillinthewriterbegantowalkthethedogtriedtopleasetheWhydidthewritercontinuetowalkMistywhileJoewasinA．Mistycouldn’tlivewithoutB．Herfriendsdidn’tofferanyC．ThewalkprovidedherwithspiritualD．Shedidn’twantMistytobeothers’companion．60．Whatisthemessagethewriterwantstoconveyinthepassage?A．OneshouldlearntoenjoyhardB．AdisastercanchangeeverythinginC．MomentsofjoysuggestthatthereisstillhopeD．PeoplewillchangetheirattitudetowardyouwhenyouareinComeinwithsomethingtoPreparegeneralBringmaterialswithDon’tmakethemHavenoGoitOneofthebestthingsyoucandoanytimeinthesemesterisgoseetheprofessor．Sohoofonovertoanofficehourandhavesomeone-on-onefacetimewithsomeonewho’llhelpyoumasterthematerialandimproveyourgrade，toboot．Buthowshouldyouhavethisconversationwiththeprofessor?Herearefiveinsidertipsabouthowtomakethatofficehourreallycount： Noneedtogetallbentoutofshapeaboutgoingtoseetheprofessor．Thewouldactuallyliketoseeyouandansweryourquestions．Believeitornot，heorsheisonyoursideandiseagertoseeyoudowell．Andbesides，heorshehasseenmanystudentsstupiderthanyou,sonothingyou’regoingtoaskwillsettherecordforstupidity． hourwillgobetterifit’sjustyouandtheProfessor．You’llgetinmorequestions，thediscussionwillbetailoredtowhatyouneedmosthelpon,andtwo-artycommunicationisalmostalwaysmoreproductivethancommitteework．Yourfriendcanwaitoutsideforthediscussion． appointmentstohelpyouout．Ifyou’reluckyenoughtolandsuchan sureyou’re100percentontime．There’snothingthatticksoffaprofessormorethanmakinghim-orherselfavailableforacustomofficehouronlytofindthatyoudon’tcareenoughtocomeontime．Andbesides，theprofessormightleaveaftertenminutes，whichwouldmake