桃樹施肥全攻略

桃樹施肥全攻略（全面性）ThepeachtreefertilizationRaiders（comprehensive）桃樹適宜的施肥量是多少：合理施肥就是在一定的氣候和土壤條件下，為桃樹高效益栽培所采用的施肥措施，包括有機(jī)肥和化肥的配合，各種營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素的比例、經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的施用量、施用時(shí)期和施肥方法。其目的是充分發(fā)揮肥效，滿足桃樹對(duì)養(yǎng)分的需要，達(dá)到優(yōu)質(zhì)、高產(chǎn)，同時(shí)來(lái)斷地培養(yǎng)地力，盡量減少肥料的損耗消耗。Howmuchistheamountoffertilizerpeachsuitable:rationalfertilizationisinacertainconditionofsoilandclimate,fertilizationmeasuresadoptedforpeachhighbenefitcultivation,includingorganicmanureandchemicalfertilizer,nutrients,fertilization,theproportionofeconomicandeffectiveapplicationperiodandfertilizingmethod.Itspurposeistogivefullplaytoefficiency,meetthepeachonnutrientneeds,toachievehigh-quality,highyield,andtoconstantlyraisesoilfertility,minimizethelossoffertilizerconsumption.科學(xué)施肥首先是確定桃樹的需肥總量和氮、磷、鉀的適當(dāng)比例。生產(chǎn)單位可依據(jù)專門的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行估算，綜合考慮地力、樹齡、樹勢(shì)、負(fù)載量，參考數(shù)據(jù)為形成100公斤經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)量應(yīng)補(bǔ)充氮0.48公斤，磷0.2公斤，鉀0.76公斤，其比例為1：0.42：1.58。Scientificfertilizationisthefirsttodeterminetheproperproportionoffertilizernitrogen,phosphorus,potassiumandtotaldemandofthepeachtree.Productionunitcanbeevaluatedaccordingtothespecialtestresults,consideringthesoilfertility,treeage,treevigor,load,thereferencedatafortheformationof100kilogramsofeconomicyieldshouldbeadded0.48kgnitrogen,phosphorusandpotassiumof0.2kg,0.76kg,theratiois1:0.42:1.58.在估算施肥總量時(shí)，先確定有機(jī)肥料的用量。土壤中有機(jī)質(zhì)（腐殖質(zhì)）含量直接關(guān)系著桃樹的產(chǎn)量水平。有機(jī)質(zhì)可改善土壤的水、肥、氣、熱狀況和微生物活動(dòng)，形成良好的根系環(huán)境。Inestimatingthefertilizationamount,firstdeterminetheamountoforganicfertilizer.Soilorganicmattercontent（humus）isdirectlyrelatedtotheyieldofpeach.Organicmattercanimprovesoilwater,fertilizer,gas,heatandmicrobialactivity,theformationofrootenvironment.一般土壤條件下，有機(jī)肥畝施用牛欄肥1000公斤左右，豬圈肥3000-8000公斤左右。根據(jù)有機(jī)肥中養(yǎng)分含量和當(dāng)年利用情況，可計(jì)算出有機(jī)肥可提供各種營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的數(shù)量，如只施用有機(jī)肥，若干礦質(zhì)元素仍不能滿足需要，則需要用化學(xué)肥料來(lái)補(bǔ)充。一般土壤條件下，施用以上有機(jī)肥后，還要每畝施用尿素30公斤左右，過(guò)磷酸鈣（P2055%）65.9公斤左右，硫酸鉀（含K2O50%）30公斤左右。Generalsoilconditions,applicationoforganicfertilizerMucowshedmanurearound1000kg,3000-8000kgofmanure.Accordingtotheorganicfertilizernutrientcontentandtheutilizationsituation,cancalculatetheorganicfertilizercanprovideanumberofvariousnutrients,suchasorganicfertilizer,meettheneedisnotsomemineralelements,istheneedforchemicalfertilizerstosupplement.Generalsoilconditions,applicationoftheaboveorganicfertilizer,butalsoabout30kgpermuofapplicationofurea,superphosphate（P2055%）65.9kilograms,potassiumsulfate(K2O50%)30kg.桃樹如何施肥：Peachtofertilization:桃樹的根系較淺，吸收根主要分布在10~30厘米，但根系較發(fā)達(dá)，側(cè)根和須根較多，吸收養(yǎng)分的能力較強(qiáng)。桃樹施肥應(yīng)適當(dāng)深施，或深施與淺施相結(jié)合。桃樹的施肥時(shí)期有：基肥、促花肥、坐果肥、果實(shí)膨大肥。桃樹的肥料施用量應(yīng)根據(jù)土壤的肥力、樹齡、品種、產(chǎn)量、氣候因素等靈活確定。土壤肥力低、樹齡高、產(chǎn)量高的果園，施肥量要高一些；土壤肥力較高、樹齡小、產(chǎn)量低的果園施肥量適當(dāng)降低。Peachrootsshallow,absorbingrootsmainlydistributedin10~30cm,butthemoredevelopedrootsystem,rootandfibrousrootismore,nutrientabsorptionability.Thepeachtreefertilizationshouldbedeep,ordeepapplicationcombinedwithshallowapplication.Fertilizationtimepeach:basefertilizer,spikelet-promotingfertilizer,fruitsetting,fruitenlargementfertilizerfertilizer.Fertilizerapplicationamountshouldbedeterminedonthebasisofpeachtrees,soilfertility,varieties,yield,climaticfactors.Lowsoilfertility,tree,highyieldorchard,amountoffertilizerishigher;highersoilfertility,treeageofsmall,lowyieldorchardfertilizationreduced.桃樹苗基肥的最好時(shí)間是在果實(shí)采摘后施入，如不能及時(shí)施肥，也可在桃樹落葉前一個(gè)月左右施入。株施神農(nóng)牌生物有機(jī)肥5?8千克。施肥時(shí)不要靠樹體太近，施肥時(shí)適當(dāng)與土壤結(jié)合。土壤含水量多、土壤質(zhì)地黏重、樹齡大、樹勢(shì)弱的桃樹，在施用時(shí)施肥量可提高用量；反之則應(yīng)減少用量。Thebesttimeisinthefruitpickingpeachfertilizerapplying,suchasnottimelyfertilization,alsocanbeinamonthbeforethepeachleavesapplication.StrainsofShiShennongbrandofbiologicalorganicfertilizer5~8kg.Fertilizationnotontreestooclose,whenproperlycombinedwiththesoilfertilization.Soilmoisturecontent,claysoil,treeage,treevigorpeachheavyweak,intheapplicationoffertilizercanincreasethedosage;otherwise,shouldreducedosage.桃樹苗追肥分三次施入。第一次是在早春后開(kāi)花前的促花肥，株施用神農(nóng)牌生物有機(jī)肥2~3千克，配施尿素100克。若樹勢(shì)長(zhǎng)勢(shì)較強(qiáng)，沒(méi)有缺肥現(xiàn)象，則促花肥可不施或少施。第二次是開(kāi)花之后至果實(shí)核硬化前之間的坐果肥，株施神農(nóng)牌生物有機(jī)肥3~5千克，配施尿素150克，提高坐果率、改善樹體營(yíng)養(yǎng)、促進(jìn)果實(shí)前期的快速生長(zhǎng)。第三次是果實(shí)膨大肥，株施生物有機(jī)肥3~5千克，配尿素200克，促進(jìn)果實(shí)的快速生長(zhǎng)和促進(jìn)花芽分化，為來(lái)年生產(chǎn)打好基礎(chǔ)具有重要意義。Peachfertilizerappliedinthreestages.Itwasthefirsttimeinspikelet-promotingfertilizerinearlyspringbeforeblossom,tobaccoShennongbrandofbiologicalorganicfertilizer2~3kg,fertilizerurea100grams.Ifthetreeisgrowingstronger,nofertilizerdeficiencyphenomenon,itcanbeappliednotlessspikelet-promotingfertilizerapplication.Thesecondistheblossomtofruitafternuclearsclerosisbeforesettingfertilizerwasapplied,Shennongbrandofbiologicalorganicfertilizer3~5kg,fertilizerurea150grams,increasethefruitsettingrate,improvethenutritionoftreebody,promotetherapidgrowthinearlystagesoffruit.Thethirdisthefruitenlargementfertilizer,plantbiologicalorganicfertilizer3~5kg,withurea200grams,promotingfruitrapidgrowthandpromoteflowerbuddifferentiation,productionandlayagoodfoundationforthecomingyearisimportant.桃樹怎樣追肥：Peachhowdressing:桃樹追肥的時(shí)期、次數(shù)、施肥量，應(yīng)根據(jù)樹齡、結(jié)果量，以及桃樹的需肥規(guī)律確定。幼齡和初果期桃樹，應(yīng)適當(dāng)控制氮肥，以利早花早果，提高坐果率。盛果期結(jié)果量大，樹勢(shì)轉(zhuǎn)弱，氮肥必須充足。桃樹生長(zhǎng)前期，萌芽、開(kāi)花、坐果所需的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，主要是樹體貯藏營(yíng)養(yǎng)?；什蛔銜r(shí)，應(yīng)在花后追肥1次，以減少落果。桃樹生長(zhǎng)中期的6—8月，種核硬化、花芽分化和果實(shí)迅速膨大等同時(shí)或交錯(cuò)進(jìn)行，需要大量營(yíng)養(yǎng)，如不及時(shí)追肥，會(huì)因養(yǎng)分不足導(dǎo)致種胚發(fā)育不良，果實(shí)膨大不好，甚至發(fā)生落果，花芽分化也少。所以硬核期是追肥的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期，一般5月下旬到6月上旬，氮、磷、鉀配合施用。中、晚熟品種，在果實(shí)第二次迅速膨大期（7月份）再追肥一次。果實(shí)采收后，為增加樹體貯藏營(yíng)養(yǎng)，增強(qiáng)越冬能力，應(yīng)在8月份施用一次補(bǔ)肥。早熟品種早施Peachtopdressingperiod,number,amountoffertilizer,shouldbebasedonage,theresultsofdeterminationofpeach,andthefertilizerneededregularity.Youngandearlyfruitingpeach,shouldbeappropriatetocontrolnitrogen,inordertofacilitatetheearlyfloweringandearlyfruiting,increasethefruitsettingrate.Thefullfruitperiodresultsinlargequantity,growthweakened,nitrogenmustbesufficient.Thepeachtreegrowthstage,bud,blossom,fruitingnutrientsrequired,mainlyisthetreebodynutritionstorage.Fertilizerisinsufficient,shouldadditional1timesafterflowering,thefruitdrop.6-Augustpeachgrowthmedium,nuclearsclerosis,flowerbuddifferentiationandrapidfruitenlargementsimultaneouslyoralternately,needalargenumberofnutrients,suchasnottimelytopdressing,duetolackofnutrientscausedembryodysplasia,fruitenlargementisnotgood,orevenlessfruit,flowerbuddifferentiation.Sohardcoreperiodisacriticalperiodoftopdressing,generalinlateMaytoearlyJune,combinedapplicationofN,P,K.In,late-maturingvarieties,secondinfruitexpansionperiod（July）againtopapplication.Afterharvest,inordertoincreasethetreebodynutritionstorage,overwinteringabilityshouldbeenhanced,inAugustasupplementalfertilizerapplication.Early-maturingearlyapplication桃樹在何時(shí)施肥？各采用什么方法？Peachwhenfertilization?Bywhatmethod?（1）基肥：于秋季一次施用。秋施基肥最適宜的時(shí)期是8月底到9月底，下能推遲到冬前。早施基肥，挖施肥溝時(shí)被切斷的根系，可以在根系第二次生長(zhǎng)高峰期長(zhǎng)出新根，并能吸收養(yǎng)分。早春土溫上升時(shí)可及時(shí)吸收養(yǎng)分，有利于早春生長(zhǎng)。有機(jī)肥料作基肥施用，有溝施、輻射狀溝施或撒施等。溝施可同時(shí)改良土壤。在成年果園，根系已布滿全園，撒施后翻耕，既可充分發(fā)揮肥料的作用，又比較省工。（2）追肥：化學(xué)肥料一般作追肥施用。桃樹可以在下述4個(gè)時(shí)期追肥。第一個(gè)次在3月中、下旬樹液流動(dòng)萌芽期。土壤化凍后結(jié)合灌水追施氮肥，結(jié)果樹每畝施尿素10-20公斤。第二次在4月中旬開(kāi)花期。一般在花后1周內(nèi)施用，提高坐果率并促進(jìn)幼果生長(zhǎng)和新梢生長(zhǎng)。每畝施用尿素10公斤。第三次在6月初果實(shí)硬核期，極早熟品種成熟期。此是桃樹消耗大量營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)時(shí)期，胚的發(fā)育，枝條的生長(zhǎng)，均需要多種土壤養(yǎng)分。這次追肥主要為磷、鉀肥，缺氮肥的樹還要配施部分氮肥。第四次在8月份，中熟品種采收后。此時(shí)追氯肥可以提高葉片的同化機(jī)能，有得于恢復(fù)樹勢(shì)和養(yǎng)分積累。這次追肥多被忽視，其實(shí)對(duì)桃樹穩(wěn)定增產(chǎn)有重要作用。在每次追肥后都應(yīng)結(jié)合灌水，或結(jié)合降雨追肥。(1):intheautumnofthefirstapplicationoffertilizer.Autumnapplicationofthemostappropriatebaseperiodisattheendof8totheendof9,canbedelayeduntilbeforewinter.Earlyapplicationoffertilizer,fertilizationditchdugbycuttingrootsgrowthpeakofroot,canbeinsecondtimegrowsnewroots,andcanabsorbnutrients.Earlyspringsoiltemperaturerisecantimelyabsorbnutrients,isconducivetotheearlyspringgrowth.Organicfertilizerasbasalfertilizer,havefurrow,radialfurroworbroadcast.Furrowapplicationcanalsoimprovesoil.Intheadultorchard,rootisfullofthewholegarden,broadcastaftertillage,cangivefullplaytotheroleoffertilizer,andlabor.(2):chemicalfertilizertopdressingfertilizerapplicationweregenerally.Peachcanbeinthefollowing4topdressingtimes.Thefirsttimein3monthslate,sapflowbud.Soilthawaftercombiningwithnitrogenfertilizer,theresulttreeperurea10-20kg.ThesecondstageofblossominthemiddleofApril.Ingeneralapplicationwithin1weeksafterflowering,increasethefruitsettingrateandpromotethegrowthofyoungfruitandshootgrowth.Applicationofurea10kgpermu.Thirdtimesinthe6earlyfruitcore-hardeningperiod,extremelyearlyvarietymaturity.Thisispeachconsumelargeamountsofnutrientsper