國際貿(mào)易實務英文名詞解釋(英to英)

國際貿(mào)易實務英文名詞解釋(英to英)國際貿(mào)易實務英文名詞解釋(英to英)/NUMPAGES30國際貿(mào)易實務英文名詞解釋(英to英)國際貿(mào)易實務英文名詞解釋(英to英)國際貿(mào)易實務英文名詞解釋（英to英）What’sInternationalTrade?Theinternationaltradeistheexchangeofgoodsandservicesproducedinonecountryforgoodsandservicesproducedinanothercountry.EXPORTINGExportingistheprocessofearningmoneybyprovidingtherightproductattherightpriceattherighttimeintherightplacebeyondyourhomeboundary.Theultimategoalistomakesurethattheexporteristobepaidforthegoodshesells.EXWEXWmeansthesellerdeliverswhenheplacesthegoodsatthedisposalofthebuyerattheseller’spremises(法定地址)oranothernamedplace.Thesellerdoesn’tnotdeclarethegoodsforexportandheneedn’tloadgoodsonanycollectingvehicle.FASFreealongsideshipmeansthatthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodsareplacedalongsidethevesselatnamedportofshipment.Thismeansthatthebuyerhastobearallcostsandrisksofthegoodsfromthatmoment.FOBFreeonBoardmeansthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodspasstheship’srailatthenamedportofshipment.Thismeansthatthebuyerhastobearallthecostsandrisksfromthatpoint.TheFOBtermsrequirethesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.CFRCostandfreightmeansthatthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodspassship’srailatthenamedportofshipmentCIFCIFmeansthatthesellerbearsthesameobligationsasunderCFR.Inadditionalthathehastoprocuremarineinsuranceagainstthebuyer’sriskoflossordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.Thesellercontractsforinsuranceandpaytheinsurancepremium.FCA,Freecarrier(…Namedplace)Itmeansthatthesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverwhenhehashandedoverthegoods,clearedforexport,intothecustodyofthecarriernamedbythebuyeratthenamedplaceorpoint.Ifnoprecisepointisindicatedbythebuyer,thesellermaychoosewithintheplaceorrangestipulatedwherethecarriershalltakechargeofthegoods.When,accordingtocommercialpractices,theseller’sassistanceisrequiredinmakingthecontractwiththecarrier,thesellermayactatthebuyer’sriskandexpenses.CPT,Carriagepaidto(…namedplaceofdestination)運費付至（…指定目的地）

Itmeansthatthesellerpaysthefreightforthecarriageofthegoodstothenameddestination,theriskof,lossof,ordamagetothegoods,aswellasanyadditionalcostsduetoeventsoccurringafterthetimethegoodshavebeendeliveredtothecarrier,istransferredfromthesellertothebuyerwhenthegoodshavebeendeliveredintothecustodyofthecarrier.CIP,Carriageandinsurancepaidto(…namedplaceofdestination)運費保險費付至（…指定目的地）ItmeansthatthesellerhasthesameobligationsasunderCPTbutwiththeadditionthatthesellerhastoprocurecargoinsuranceagainstthebuyer’sriskof,lossof,ordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.Thesellercontractsforinsuranceandpaystheinsurancepremium.

DES,DeliveredExShip(…namedportofdestination)船上交貨（…指定目的港）Itmeansthatthesellershallmakethegoodsavailabletothebuyeronboardtheshipatthedestinationnamedinthesalescontract.Thesellerhastobearthefullcostandrisksinvolvedinbringingthegoodsthere.DEQ,DeliveredexQuay(…namesportofdestination)碼頭交貨（…指定目的港）Itmeansthatthesellermakesthegoodsavailabletothebuyeronthequayatthedestinationnamedinthesalescontract.Thesellerhastobearthefullcostandrisksinvolvedonbringingthegoodsthere.DDU,DeliveredDutyUnpaid(…namedplaceofdestination)未完稅交貨（…指定目的地）Itmeansthatthesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverwhenthegoodshavebeenmadeavailableatthenamedplaceinthecountryofimportation.Thesellerhastobearallthecostsandrisksinvolvedinbringingthegoodsthere,aswellasthecostandriskofcarryingoutcustomsformalitiesforexport.Thebuyerhastopayanyadditionalcostsandbearanyriskscausedbyhisfailuretoclearthegoodsforimportintime.DDP，DeliveredDutyPaid(…namedplaceofdestination)完稅后交貨（…指定目的地）Itmeansthatthesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverwhenthegoodshavebeenmadeavailableatthenamedplaceinthecountryofimportation.Thesellerhastobearalltherisksandcostsincludingduties,taxesandotherchargesfordeliveringthegoods,clearingforimportation.Itrepresentsthemaximumobligationbornebytheseller.

DAF,DeliveredAtFrontier(…namedplace)邊境交貨（…指定地點）Itmeansthatthesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverwhenthegoodshavebeenmadeavailable,clearedforexport,atthenamedpointofplaceatthefrontier,butbeforethecustomsborderofthecountrynamedinthesalescontract.QualityofgoodsThequalityofgoodsreferstotheoutwardappearanceandtheessentialqualityofthegoods,suchasshape,structure,color,flavorswellaschemicalcomposition,physicalandmechanicalproperty,biologicalfeature,etc.Ininternationaltrade,qualityofthegoodsnotonlyconcernsthevalueinuseandthepriceofthegoods,butalsoconcernsthesalesofthegoodsandcreditstandingofthemanufacturer.Salebysamples.

Thesamplereferstothearticlewhichcanbeusedtorepresentthequalityofthewholelot.Salebysampleincludestreecases,i.e.,salebytheseller’ssampleandsale,salebythebuyer’ssampleandsalebycountersampleSalebyactualquality:（以實際品質(zhì)交貨）Inthiscase,thebuyerorhisagentexaminesthegoodsatseller’splaceatfirst.Aftertheyconcludeadeal,thesellershalldeliverthegoodsaccordingtothegoodsexamined.Salebydescription:（以說明表示）Ininternationalbusiness,mostcommoditiesaresuitabletosalebydescriptionwhichcanbesubdividedinto7kindsSalebyspecification:（憑規(guī)格買賣）Thespecificationofthegoodsreferstocertainmainindicatorswhichindicatethequalityofthegoods,suchascomposition,content,purity,size,length,etc.Salebygrade:（憑等級買賣）Thegradeofthegoodsreferstotheclassificationsofthecommodityofthegoodswhichisindicatedbywords,numbersorsymbols.Theclassificationsareusuallydecidedbydifferentqualities,weights,compositions,appearances,properties,etc.Salebystandard:（憑標準買賣）Thestandardreferstothespecificationsorgradeswhicharestipulatedandannouncedbythegovernmentorthechambersofcommerce,etc.（良好平均品質(zhì)）Salebybrandnameortrademark:憑商標品牌買賣Astothegoodswhosequalityisstable,reputationissoundandwithwhichthecustomersarequitefamiliar,wemaysellitbybrandnameortrademark.(奔馳汽車)Salebynameoforigin:憑產(chǎn)地名稱買賣Therearesomeagriculturalproductsandby-productswhoseoriginsarewell-knownallovertheworld.Salebydescription:憑說明書和圖樣買賣Thequalityofsomecommodities,suchastechnologicalinstruments,electricmachines,etc.cannotbesimplyindicatedbyqualityindexes,insteaditisquitenecessarytoexplainindetailthestructure,material,performanceaswellasmethodofoperation.Ifnecessary,pictures,photos,etc.mustalsobeprovided.QualityTolerance品質(zhì)公差Thequalitytoleranceisusedinthetradeofindustrialproducts,whichmeansthatthequalityofthegoodsdeliveredbythesellerisallowedtohavecertaindifferenceswithinacertainrangesincesuchdifferencesareusuallyunavoidableandcommonlyacceptedastheusageofthesamespecialtrade.QualitytoleranceismainlyusedforindustrialproductsQualitylatitude品質(zhì)機動幅度Thequalitylatitudemeansthatthequalityindexesofthegoodsdeliveredbythesellermaybecontrolledflexiblywithinacertainlatitude.ThepackingofgoodsIninternationaltradepackingisoneoftheessentialcomponentpartsofcommodityproduction.Generallyspeaking,onlypackedcommoditiescanenterintothecirculationfield,andattainthecommercialvalueandusevalueofthegoods.Packingcanprotectcommodityandkeepitgoodinqualityandintactinquantityinthecirculationprocess.Neutralpackingandbranddesignatedbythebuyer

中性包裝和定牌Itmeansthatthereisneitheranameoftheorigin,noranameofthefactory,noratrade

mark,abrand,orevenanywordsonthepackingofthecommodityandthecommodityitself.Itincludestwokinds:packingwithtrademarkdesignatedbythebuyerbutwithoutthemarkofthemanufacturersandoriginspackingandwithouttrademarkandoriginsaswellasthemarkofthemanufacturersBranddesignatedbythebuyer:Itmeansthattheselleraddressesthetrademarkorbrandonthepackageofthecommodityorthecommodityitselfasbuyer’srequest.定牌是指賣方按買方要求在其出售的商品或包裝上標明買方指定的商標或品牌，這種做法叫定牌生產(chǎn)。Shippingmark:運輸標志這種標志又稱嘜頭，通常是由一個簡單的幾何圖形和一些字母、數(shù)字及簡單的丈字組成。Itisusuallymadeupofgeometricaldiagrams,letters,figuresandsimplewords.Thecontentsofshippingmarkareasfollows:1.Consignee’scodeorConsignor’scode2.ReferenceNumber

3.Destination4.PackagenumberTheshippingmarkalsoincludethecontractnumber,grossandnetweight,origin,etc..Indicativemark:（指示性標志）Thiskindofmarkisusedtoremindertherelativeworkersoftheitemsforattentionwhentheyload,unload,carryandstorethegoods,suchas‘handlewithcare’,‘keepdry’etc.Warningmark:

（警告性標志）Itisalsocalleddangerouscargomark,whichisbrushedclearlyanddefinitelyontheshippingpackingoftheinflammable,explosive,poisonous,corrosivegoods,soastogivewarningstotheworkers.CommodityInspectionTheinspectionofcommoditiesreferstothatinspectioninstitutionsshouldexaminethequality,quantity,packing,etc.ofcommoditiesdeliveredbythesellerinordertomakesurethatthegoodsareexactlyinconformitywiththetermsofsalescontractorthestipulationsofdocumentarycredit.InternationalCargoTransportationTheinternationalcargotransportationreferstotheactofthesellerdeliveringthecontractedcargoesattheagreedtime,placeandintheagreedmanners,tothebuyer(Physicaldeliveryofgoods).Actually,inmodernbusinesssociety,internationalcargotransportationalsomeanstotransfertheshippingdocumentsatthestipulatedtimetothebuyer(Symbolicdeliveryofgoods).Tramp(Shippingbychartering)租船運輸Itmeansafreight-carryingvesselwhichhasnoregularrouteorscheduleofsailingsorportorfreight.Theshipperchartersshipfromtheshipownerandusesittocarrythegoods.Itfallsinto3kinds:Naturalcalamities自然災害

Theyarecausedbytheforcesresultingfromthechangesofnature,e.g.,vileweather,thunder,lightning,tsunami(/tsu'nɑ:mi/)(海嘯),earthquake,flood,etc.Fortuitousaccidents:意外事故

Theyincludeaccidentsresultingfromunexpectedcauses,thecarryingconveyancebeinggrounded,stranded,orincollisionwithfloatingiceorotherobjects,aswellasfireorexplosion.ActualTotalLoss:實際全損

Itmeansthattheinsuredsubjectmatteristotallyandirretrievably(un-savable)lost.ConstructiveTotalLoss:推定全損

Itisestimatedthattheactualtotallossofcargoisinevitableorthecostofsalvageorrecoverycouldhaveexceedthevalueofthecargo.GeneralAverage:共同海損

Itreferstoacertainspecialsacrificeandextraexpenseintentionallyincurredforthegeneralinterestsoftheship-owner,theinsurer,andtheownersofthevariouscargoesabroadtheship.Whenashipisindanger,thecaptainmustmakeadecisionandoneofshipperswillsuffer.Inordertocompensatethespecialsacrifice,alltheotherswillclubtogethertore-compensatehimforloss.Particularaverage:單獨海損

Itmeansthataparticularcargoisdamagedbyanycauseandthedegreeofthedamagedoesnotreachatotalloss,i.e.,onlyapartialloss,whichshallbebornebytheownerofthisindividualconsignment.水漬險Allrisks:一切險

Additionalrisks附加險Thiskindofriskcan’tbecoveredindependently;Theyshallbeunderwrittendependingononekindofthebasicrisks.Generaladditionalrisks一般附加險Specialadditionalrisks特殊附加險GeneralAdditionalRisksItincludestheft,freshandrainwaterdamage,shortage,leakage,sweatingandheating,intermixtureandcontamination,odor,hookdamage,breakageofpacking,rusting,etc.SpecialadditionalrisksincludesItincludeswarrisk,strikesrisk,failuretodelivery,importdutyrisk,ondeckrisk,rejectionriskandaflatoxin

risk.InsuranceCertificate

保險憑證Itisakindofsimplifiedinsurancepolicy,andtherightsandobligationsoftwopartiesareomitted.Butithasthesamelegalvalidityastheinsurancepolicy.Billofexchange匯票Abillofexchangeisanunconditionalorderinwriting,addressedbyonepersontoanother,signedbythepersongivingit,requiringthepersontowhomitisaddressedtopayondemand,oratafixedordeterminablefurthertime,asumcertaininmoneyto,ortotheorderof,aspecifiedperson,ortoanybearer.Thedrawer出票人

Thepersonwhodrawsthebillofexchangeandheisusuallytheexporterorhisbankerinimportorexporttrade.Thedrawee付款人

Thepersonwhoistopaythemoneyandheisusuallytheimporterortheappointedbankerunderaletterofcreditinimportandexporttrade.Thepayee受款人

Thepersonwhoistoreceivethemoney,hemaybe,andoftenis,thesamepersonasthedrawerandheisusuallytheexporterhimselforhisappointedbankerinbusinessorhemaybethebearerofthebill.Drawing(issuing)出票

Itmeanstheactofthedrawerinfillingupthebillofexchangewithparticularsastothenameofthedrawee,theamountpayable,thedateofpaymentandthenameofthepayee,andaftersignature,thedrawermaypresentthebilltothedraweethroughthemediumofthepayeeorabanker.Presentation提示Itreferstotheactoftheholderofthebillofexchangepresentingthebilltothedrawee,askingthelatereithertopayortoacceptthebill.Thedrawee’sreceivingorseeingthebilliscalledsight.Acceptance承兌

Itmeanstheactofthedraweetoshowhisresponsibilitybyacceptingtheusancebillforpaymentatafixedfuturedatebywritingtheword“accepted”,markingthedateofacceptanceandsigningonthefaceofthebill.Endorsement背書

Itmaybeanegotiableinstrument,andmaybetransferableintheinternationalmoneymarket.Inthecaseofa“toorder”billofexchange,endorsementisneededintheprocedureofnegotiationortransferbythepayeebysigninghisnameonthebackofthebill,eitherblankendorsementwhichmakesthebillpayabletothebearerorholder,orfullendorsementwiththenameofthetransfereeandhisorder,whoiscalledtheendorsee.Dishonour(Protesting)拒付

Whenabillhasbeendulypresentedforacceptanceorpaymentandtheacceptanceorpaymenthasbeenrefused,thebillissaidtobedishonored.PromissoryNote:本票Apromissorynoteisanunconditionalpromiseinwritingmadebyonepersontoanothersignedbythemaker,engaginginpaying,ondemandoratafixedordeterminablefuturetime,asumcertaininmoneyto,ortoaorderof,aspecifiedpersonortoabearer.Classificationofthepromissorynote

本票的分類APromissoryNoteisclassifiedintobanknoteandcommercialnote.Banknoteisissuedbythebank;butcommercialnoteisissuedbythebusinessunitortheindividual.Cheque支票Achequeisanunconditionalorderinwritingdrawnonabankersignedbythedrawer,requiringthebankertopayondemandasumcertaininmoneytoortotheorderofspecifiedpersonortoabearer.Remittance匯付Thedefinitionandpartiesofremittance匯付的定義及其當事人Remittancemeansthatthebuyerremitsmoneytothesellerthroughabankonhisowninitiative.PartiesofremittanceRemitter匯款人Payeeorbeneficiary收款人Payingbank匯入行Remittingbank匯出行Mailtransfer(M/T):(信匯)

Thebuyergivesmoneytoalocalbankwhichsendsatrustdeed（契約）forpaymenttoitscorrespondentbankattheseller’sendbymailandentrustsitwiththetasktopaymoneytotheseller.Telegraphictransfer(T/T)(電匯)

Attherequestofthebuyer,alocalbanksendsatrustdeedforpaymentbycableortestedtelegramdirectlytoitscorrespondentbankattheseller’sendandentruststheworktoittopaymoneytotheseller.Demanddraft(D/D):(票匯)

Thebuyerbuysadraftfromalocalbankandsendsitbymailtotheseller,thesellerorhisappointedpersoncancollectmoneyfromtherelativebankathisendagainstthedraftsentbythebuyer.Collection

托收Collectionmeansthattheexporteraskshisbanktoarrangefortheacceptanceorpaymentofthebilloverseas,andthebankwillcarryhistaskthroughit’sownbranchofficeabroadoracorrespondentbank.CollectiononCleanbillItmeansthattheexportercollectsthepurchasepriceagainstthedraftonly,withoutanyshippingdocumentsattachedthereto.CollectionondocumentarybillItmeansthattheexportercollectsthepurchasepriceagainstthedocumentarybill.Itcanbesubdividedintotwokinds:Documentagainstpayment(D/P)

D/Pcallsforactualpaymentagainstthetransferofshippingdocuments.ThereisD/PatsightandD/Paftersigh。D/PatsightAftershipmentofthegoods,theexportershalldrawasightbillofexchange,andsenditaswellasshippingdocumentstoalocalbank,throughwhichandwhosecorrespondentbankthedocumentarydraftispresentedtotheimporter.Theimportershallpayagainstthedocumentarydraftdrawnbytheselleratsight.Itrequiresimmediatepaymentbytheimportertogetholdofthedocuments.Documentsagainstacceptance(D/A)

Itcallsfordeliverofdocumentsagainstacceptanceofthedraftdrawnbytheexporter.D/Aisalwaysaftersight,anditmakestheimportergetholdofshippingdocumentsandtakedeliveryofthegoodsbeforepayment.SotheexporterwouldhavetotakegreatrisksL/CInsimpleterms,aL/Cisaconditionalbankundertakingorguaranteeofpayment.Expressedmorecarefully,itisawrittenundertakingbyabankgiventothesellerattherequestandinaccordancewiththeinstructionsofthebuyertoeffectpaymentuptoastatedsumofmoney,withinaprescribedtimelimitandagainststipulateddocuments.Issuingbank(開證行)

whichisthebankreceivingtheapplicationfromtheapplicanttoissuetheL/Candwillberesponsibleforpayment.Itisusuallyabankattheplacewheretheimporter’spremiseislocated.Thenegotiatingbank(議付行)

whichisabankreadytoacceptordiscountthedocumentarybilldrawnbythebeneficiaryundertheL/C.ThenegotiatingbankmaybetheadvisingbankoranotherbankappointedtonegotiateundertheL/C.payingbank(付款行)

whichisabankresponsibleforthepaymentspecifiedintheL/C.ItisusuallytheissuingbankoritmaybeanotherbankappointedbytheissuingbankaccordingtostipulationintheL/C.Confirmingbank(保兌行)whichisthebankconfirmedintheL/Cattherequestoftheissuingbank.RevocableL/C:可撤消信用證

Theopeningbankmayamendorrevokethecreditbeforenegotiation,acceptanceorpaymentwithoutagreementofthebeneficiary.IrrevocableL/C:不可撤消信用證

OncetheL/Cisopened,withoutagreementofthebeneficiary,theopeningbankcan’tamendorrevoketheL/Cwithinitsvalidity.AslongasthebeneficiaryprovidesthedocumentsinaccordancewiththestipulationintheL/C,theopeningbankshallperformitsdutyofpaymentConfirmedL/C:保兌信用證TheconfirmedL/CshouldbeanirrevocableL/Cconfirmedbytheconfirmingbank.OnceanL/Cisconfirmed,therearetwobankstoberesponsibleforthepaymentofthepurchaseprice,i.e.,theopeningbankandtheconfirmingbank.UnconfirmedL/C:不可保兌信用證

TheL/Cisn’tconfirmedbyanybank.TransferableL/C:可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證ItallowsthebeneficiarytotransfertheamountpartlyorwhollyoftheL/Ctooneormorethanoneparties,i.e.,thesecondbeneficiary.Non-transferableL/C:不可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證Thebeneficiarycan’ttransfertheL/Ctootherparties.AcceptanceL/C:承兌信用證

ThiskindofL/Cisacceptedbythebank.Whenthebeneficiarypresentsthetimedrafttothe