專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

第三人稱單數(shù),動(dòng)詞后需加s或es。HealwaysgetsuplateonSundays.（習(xí)慣動(dòng)作HelivesonalonelyislandinthePacificOcean.（一般狀態(tài)）Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.（客觀規(guī)律）在以等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中 或以 You'llsucceedifyoutryyoubest（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來時(shí)）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作Theyareputtingupthescaffolding.（說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作SteveisstudyinginBeijing.（目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)并非所有動(dòng)詞都有進(jìn)行時(shí),有些表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動(dòng)詞通常無進(jìn)行時(shí),除非這類動(dòng)詞的詞義發(fā)生變化。這類動(dòng)詞有:be,love,like,hate,believe,think,feel,seem等。Doyouseeanyoneoverthere（表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動(dòng)詞通常無進(jìn)行時(shí)Areyouseeingsomeoneoff（詞義發(fā)生變化現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示將來的動(dòng)作I'mleavingforBeijingtomorrow（表示將來的動(dòng)作ImagineI'mseeingtheMonaLisa（表示將來的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也可用來給習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作加上贊賞或討厭等感彩。Sheisalwayscookingsomedeliciousfoodforherfamily.（感彩）Heisalwaysfindingfaultwithhisemployees.（感彩）Theconferencehaslastedforfivedays（已完成的動(dòng)作He'sjustboughtannuusualtaxi（剛剛完成的動(dòng)作 此類狀語有 for…(后接一段時(shí)間的短語since…Wehaven'tseeneachotheragainsincewegraduatedinWhatdidshesayaboutIhavelivedinNanjingfor15years.（對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響）一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生且一下子就完成的動(dòng)作IhadawordwithJuliathismorning一下子就完成的動(dòng)作Hesmokedfortycigarettesadayuntilhegaveup習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作[提示]1.一般過去時(shí)常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語或從句連用,如yesterday,lastweek,in1993,atthattime,once,duringthewar,before,afewdaysago,whenHeusedtoworkfourteenhoursaday.(過去常常)另外,注意區(qū)別“usedto”和“beusedto”。后者意為“習(xí)慣于…”,to為介詞Sheisusedtohard過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作YesterdayafternoonFrankHawkinswaslingmehisexperiencesasayoungman.(過去正在發(fā)生)Billwascoughingallnightlong（過去反復(fù)發(fā)生）過去成時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)之前已完成的動(dòng)作或狀況。在時(shí)間上Bytheendofthewar,thesmallworkshophad ealargefactory.Theyfoundthatastreamhadformedinthefield.HewilltakepartinanimportantraceacrosstheAtlantic（將來發(fā)生 （將來反復(fù) begoingto,beto,beaboutto等也可表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作I'llbereadingthistimetomorrow（將來正在進(jìn)行Mostoftheyoungpeopleinthetownwillbemeetingthematthe將來完成時(shí)表示將來某時(shí)前已完成的動(dòng)作Theywillhavestayedhereforfivemonthsnextweek.（將來完成Bytheendofnextmonththeywillhavestudiedtwentypassages（推測(cè)）,I'vebeenworkingforIBMfor15I'vebeenwaitingforanhourbutshestillhasn't 它強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。后者一般表示仍在進(jìn)行或剛剛還在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或情況IhavethoughtitIhavebeenthinkingitBecarful!Peterhavebeenpaintingthe語態(tài)常用于下列幾種情況一、動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者無需或不明確PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefrom.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.Fourpeoplewerekilledandthirty-oneinjuredinthebombattack.Susanwassingledoutforpraiseyesterday.Hestartedtocominaboutthiswickedworldbutwasinterruptedbyaknockatthedoor.Yesterdayuhevisitedouruniversityandwas edbythe. 除個(gè)別情況外,短語動(dòng)詞一般不拆開使用。Thismatterwillbedealtwithassoonaspossible.（短語詞)無態(tài)形式,如happen,rise,occur,takece,breakout等;以及l(fā)ack,fit,suit,equal, e,resemble,befall,consist