專轉(zhuǎn)本英語語法時態(tài)和語態(tài)

第三人稱單數(shù),動詞后需加s或es。HealwaysgetsuplateonSundays.（習(xí)慣動作HelivesonalonelyislandinthePacificOcean.（一般狀態(tài)）Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.（客觀規(guī)律）在以等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中 或以 You'llsucceedifyoutryyoubest（一般現(xiàn)在時表將來時）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作Theyareputtingupthescaffolding.（說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作SteveisstudyinginBeijing.（目前一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的活動并非所有動詞都有進(jìn)行時,有些表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動詞通常無進(jìn)行時,除非這類動詞的詞義發(fā)生變化。這類動詞有:be,love,like,hate,believe,think,feel,seem等。Doyouseeanyoneoverthere（表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動詞通常無進(jìn)行時Areyouseeingsomeoneoff（詞義發(fā)生變化現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時也可表示將來的動作I'mleavingforBeijingtomorrow（表示將來的動作ImagineI'mseeingtheMonaLisa（表示將來的動作現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時也可用來給習(xí)慣性動作加上贊賞或討厭等感彩。Sheisalwayscookingsomedeliciousfoodforherfamily.（感彩）Heisalwaysfindingfaultwithhisemployees.（感彩）Theconferencehaslastedforfivedays（已完成的動作He'sjustboughtannuusualtaxi（剛剛完成的動作 此類狀語有 for…(后接一段時間的短語since…Wehaven'tseeneachotheragainsincewegraduatedinWhatdidshesayaboutIhavelivedinNanjingfor15years.（對現(xiàn)在有影響）一般過去時表示過去某個特定時間發(fā)生且一下子就完成的動作IhadawordwithJuliathismorning一下子就完成的動作Hesmokedfortycigarettesadayuntilhegaveup習(xí)慣性的動作[提示]1.一般過去時常與表示過去的時間狀語或從句連用,如yesterday,lastweek,in1993,atthattime,once,duringthewar,before,afewdaysago,whenHeusedtoworkfourteenhoursaday.(過去常常)另外,注意區(qū)別“usedto”和“beusedto”。后者意為“習(xí)慣于…”,to為介詞Sheisusedtohard過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某時正在發(fā)生的動作YesterdayafternoonFrankHawkinswaslingmehisexperiencesasayoungman.(過去正在發(fā)生)Billwascoughingallnightlong（過去反復(fù)發(fā)生）過去成時表示過去某時之前已完成的動作或狀況。在時間上Bytheendofthewar,thesmallworkshophad ealargefactory.Theyfoundthatastreamhadformedinthefield.HewilltakepartinanimportantraceacrosstheAtlantic（將來發(fā)生 （將來反復(fù) begoingto,beto,beaboutto等也可表示將來發(fā)生的動作I'llbereadingthistimetomorrow（將來正在進(jìn)行Mostoftheyoungpeopleinthetownwillbemeetingthematthe將來完成時表示將來某時前已完成的動作Theywillhavestayedhereforfivemonthsnextweek.（將來完成Bytheendofnextmonththeywillhavestudiedtwentypassages（推測）,I'vebeenworkingforIBMfor15I'vebeenwaitingforanhourbutshestillhasn't 它強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響。后者一般表示仍在進(jìn)行或剛剛還在進(jìn)行的動作或情況IhavethoughtitIhavebeenthinkingitBecarful!Peterhavebeenpaintingthe語態(tài)常用于下列幾種情況一、動作的執(zhí)行者無需或不明確PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefrom.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.Fourpeoplewerekilledandthirty-oneinjuredinthebombattack.Susanwassingledoutforpraiseyesterday.Hestartedtocominaboutthiswickedworldbutwasinterruptedbyaknockatthedoor.Yesterdayuhevisitedouruniversityandwas edbythe. 除個別情況外,短語動詞一般不拆開使用。Thismatterwillbedealtwithassoonaspossible.（短語詞)無態(tài)形式,如happen,rise,occur,takece,breakout等;以及l(fā)ack,fit,suit,equal, e,resemble,befall,consist