2022年浙江省寧波市大學英語6級大學英語六級真題(含答案)

2022年浙江省寧波市大學英語6級大學英語六級真題(含答案)學校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

KellyisasmalltownnorthofHopkinsvilleinKentucky,SouthAmerica.

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2.

Whatkindofpeople,accordingtothepassage,cantakerunningasregularexerciseimmediately?

A.Peoplewithalotofenthusiasm.

B.Peoplewithgoodhealthcondition.

C.Peoplewhohavenomoneybutlotsoftime.

D.Peoplewhowanttobestronger.

3.

HearingthenewsoftheKlondikeGoldRush,Emery'sfatherandhisbrother-in-lawdecidedtogotoAlaskatogether.

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4.Theexistingsatellitesarenotgoodatdetectingthethicknessoftheicepartlybecausetheorbitsofsatelliteswith______donotcovereveryportionoftheocean.

5.

Peopledrinkinapartyinorderto______.

6.Caregiversofdisabledfamilymembersarereportedtoundergoamortalityrateof______

7.

In2001,R-ratedfilmsaccountedforthemajorityofHollywoodfilmsbecausebothdomesticandforeignmarketswereinfavorofactionmovies.

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8.

FortheentireIditarodrace,asleddogteamhastoeatsomuchasto______.

9.Whatdoes"elevatorspeech"refertointhispassage?

A.Thespeechthatisgiveninanelevator.

B.Ageneralexplanationforone'sjobloss.

C.Theformalspeechontopicofunemployment.

D.Adetaileddescriptionforthedownsizing.

10.

Hydrogen-poweredfuel-cellvehiclesthatneednooilandemitno______willbedevelopedbytheDepartmentofEnergyandautomakersFord,GeneralMotorsandDaimlerChrysler.

11.EffortstoProtecttheEnvironment

Mostscientistsagreethatifpollutionandotherenvironmentaldeterrents(威懾)continueattheirpresentrates,theresultwillbeirreversible(不能倒轉(zhuǎn)的)damagetotheecologicalcyclesandbalancesinnatureuponwhichalllifedepends.Scientistswarethatfundamental,andperhapsdrastic,changesinhumanbehavior.willberequiredtoavert(轉(zhuǎn)移)anecologicalcrisis.

Tosafeguardthehealthfulenvironmentthatisessentialtolife,humansmustlearnthatEarthdoesnothaveinfiniteresources.Earth'slimitedresourcesmustbeconservedand,wherepossible,reused.Furthermore,humansmustdevisenewstrategiesthatmeshenvironmentalprogresswitheconomicgrowth.Thefuturegrowthofdevelopingnationsdependsuponthedevelopmentofsustainableconservationmethodsthatprotecttheenvironmentwhilealsomeetingthebasicneedsofcitizens.

Manynationshaveactedtocontrolorreduceenvironmentalproblems.Forexample,GreatBritainhaslargelysucceededincleaningupthewatersoftheThamesandotherrivers,andLondonnolongersufferstheheavysmogscausedbyindustrialpollutants.Japanhassomeoftheworld'sstricteststandardsforthecontrolofwaterandairpollution.InCanada,theDepartmentofCommercehasdevelopedcomprehensiveprogramscoveringenvironmentalcontaminants.

IntheUnitedStates,theEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)wasestablishedin1970toprotectthenation'snaturalresources.Inaddition,theU.S.Congresshasprovidedgovernmentalagencieswithlegislation(立法)designedtoprotecttheenvironment.ManyU.S.stateshavealsoestablishedenvironmentalprotectionagencies.Citizengroups,suchastheSierraClubandtheNationalAudubonSociety,educatethepublic,supportenvironment-friendlylegislation,andhelpassurethatfederalandstatelawsareenforcedbypointingoutviolations.

A.EnvironmentalismintheUnitedStates

IntheUnitedStatesthemodernenvironmentalmovementisrootedina19th-centuryNewEnglandphilosophicalmovementcalledtranscendentalism(超驗主義),whoseleadersincludedthepoetandessayistRalphWaldoEmersonandthenaturalistandauthorHenryDavidThoreau.Intheirwritings,bothmenexpressedareverenceforthenaturalworld,believingthathumansandnaturesharedadivinespirit.Emersonassertedthatnaturewaseternalandcapableofrecoveringfrommistreatmentatthehandsofhumans.Thoreau,moreprotectiveandpessimistic,hasbeenquotedassaying,"ThankGod,mencannotyetflyandlaywastetheskyaswellastheearth."

AlthoughEmersonandThoreauwroteeloquentlyaboutthevalueofnatureanditsspiritualimportancetohumans,neitherofthemundertookasystematicanalysisoftheeffectsthathumanshaveontheirenvironment.Thattaskwasleftfor19th-centuryAmericandiplomatGeorgePerkinsMarsh.In1864MarshpublishedManandNature;or,PhysicalGeographyasModifiedbyHumanAction,consideredthefirstbooktodemonstratethathumanactivitycouldcausedramaticandirreversibledamagetoEarth.Marshexplainedhowsomeagriculturalpracticeshadledtodeforestation(采伐森林),lossofwetlands,desertification(theprocessoflandbecomingdesert),speciesextinction,andchangesinweatherpatterns.

Intheearly20thcentury,U.S.presidentTheodoreRooseveltgreatlyexpandedboththenationalforestandnationalparksystemsandcreatedasystemofnationalwildliferefuges.RooseveltappointedforestryexpertGiffordPinchotasheadoftheU.S.ForestService,andtogethertheymoldedthefoundationoftheAmericanconservationmovement,developingmethodsforthesustainableuseandprotectionofnaturalresources.RooseveltandPinchotrecognizedthateventhevastnaturalresourcesoftheUnitedStateswerenotlimitlessandthushadtobemanagedcarefully,andtheybelievedtha

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12.

Ifyouwanttogiveupajobwholesale,youshouldevaluate______fromit.

13.

Olympicgamesinancienttimesbroughttemporarypeacetoopponentsandthosewhobrokethepeacewouldbefinedas______.

14.What'sthepurposeoftheNationalInstitutesofHealth-fundedpilotprogram?

A.Tofindoutwhetherthepatients'attitudehelpthepain.

B.Toexperimentwithadvancedsurgicaltreatments.

C.Tosearchforacost-effective,integrativetreatment.

D.Toinvestigateexperts'opinionsonvarioustreatments.

15.

______makesa98.5%reductioninman-daysonunloadingtheship.

A.ContainerizationB.ProductivityC.CompetitionD.Management

16.

WhydowecallMadagascaraDarwinianplayground?

A.Becauseofitsgeographicisolation.

B.Becauseitsnatureisstillinoriginalform.

C.Becausemostofitsplantsareendemic.

D.Becausemostofitsanimalsareendemic.

17.

MonkeyBaileyoncelivedinLittleRiverZoo.

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18.Sports

Manyanimalsengageinplay,buthomosapiensistheonlyanimaltohaveinventedsports.Sincesportsareaninvention,apartofcultureratherthananaspectofnature,alldefinitionsofsportsaresomewhatarbitrary.Whethersportsareahumanuniversalfoundineveryknowncultureoraphenomenonuniquetomodernsocietydependsuponone'sdefinitionofsports.Menandwomenhavealwaysrun,jumped,climbed,lifted,thrown,andwrestled,buttheyhavenotalwaysperformedthesephysicalactivitiescompetitively.Althoughallliteratesocietiesseemtohavecontestsofonesortoranotherinwhichmen,andsometimeswomen,competeindisplaysandtestsofphysicalskillandprowess,sportsmaybestrictlydefinedasphysicalcontestsperformedfortheirownsakeandnotforsomeulteriorend.Accordingtothisstrictdefinition,neitherNeolithic(新石器時代的)huntersnorcontestantsinreligiousceremoniessuchastheancientOlympicGameswereengagedinsports.Insistenceonthestipulationthatsportsmustbeperformedfortheirownsakemeanstheparadoxicaleliminationofmanyactivitieswhichareusuallythoughtofassports,suchasexercisesdoneforthesakeofcardiovascularfitness,racesruntosatisfyaphysicaleducationrequirement,ballgamesplayedtoearnapaycheck.Strictdefinitionalsomeansabandonmentofthetraditionalusageinwhich"sport",derivedfromMiddleEnglishdisporter,referstoanylightheartedrecreationalactivity.Inthemindsofsome18th-centuryaristocrats,agameofbackgammon(15子游戲)andtheseductionofamilkmaidwerebothconsideredgoodsport,butthisusageofthetermhasbecomearchaic.

Strictconceptualizationallowstheconstructionofanevolutionaryhistoryofsportsinwhichextrinsicpolitical,economic,military,andreligiousmotivationsdecreaseinimportanceasintrinsicmotivations—participationforitsownsake—increase.Thedisadvantage,however,isthatthedeterminationthatagivenactivityistrulyasportdependsontheanswertoapsychologicalquestion:Whatisthemotivationoftheparticipants?Thequestionofmotivationcannotbeansweredunambiguously.ItisprobablethatthecontestantsoftheancientOlympicGamesweremotivatedbytheintrinsicpleasureofthecontestaswellasbythereligiousimperativesofGreekcult.Itisalsoprobablethatmodernprofessionalathletesaremotivatedbymorethansimplyeconomicmotives.Thusmostscholarsassumequietlythatpopularusagecannotbecompletelywrongtorefer,forinstance,toU.S.professionalNationalFootballLeaguegamesassports.

Thepsychologicalaspectsofsportsaremoredifficulttoassessbecausefactorssuchasmotivationaremoredifficulttomeasurethanthesizeofaudienceortheamountofacontract.Thepsychologicalteststhathavebeenadministeredhaveproducedsuchawelterofcontradictoryresultsthatmanyspecialistsarereadytoabandontheattempttopinpointmotives.Somegeneralizations,however,seemtenable.Onthewhole,physicalfitnessandthedesireforsimplerelaxationseemtomotivatethosewhoshuncompetitivesportsinfavourofnoncompetitivephysicalactivitiessuchasjogging,hiking,recreationalswimming,andaerobics(althoughthedevelopmentofaerobicsconteststestifiestotheprotean(變化多端的)natureofthecompetitiveurge).Importanttothosewhochoosesportsisthechallengeofthecontest,theopportunitytotestone'sphysicalandmentalskillsagainstanotherperson,againstnature,oragainsttheabstractionofthesportsrecord.Thechoiceofonesportoveranotherdependsontheculturalavailabilityofthesport(fewLaotiansplaybaseball),onsocialgroup(fewtruckdriversownpoloponies),ongender(womenarenotsupposedtobox),andonindividualtemperament(somepeoplecannotenjoygolf).Thereisreasontobelievethatthedistinctionbetweenteamsports,whichemphasizeco

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19.IntellectualProperty

Thephraseintellectualproperty(IP)referstothebundleoflegalrightsthatarisefromthecreativegeniusofthehumanmind.IPrightsplayanimportantroleintheeconomicprosperityofacountryandserveasamotivatingforceforcreativeindividualstosharetheirgeniuswithsociety.Likerealandpersonalpropertyrightsprotectone'sownershipinterestintangible(有形的)objects,suchaslandandautomobiles,IPrightsprotectone'sownershipinterestinintangibleobjects,suchastheideabehindaninvention,themusicscoreforaBroadwayplayandthenameorlogousedtobrandaproduct.Withoutenforcementoftheserightsinthelaw,itwouldbedifficultforsocietytoprosperandgrow.Inthisarticle,youwilllearnwhatintellectualpropertyrightsareandthedifferencesbetweenitsvariousforms.

GeneralIntroduction

Whenmostpeoplethinkofintellectualpropertyrights,patents,trademarksandcopyrightscometomind.ThiscoresetofIPrightsrewardandprotectthecreativeworksofinventors,authors,ownersandsellersofgoodsandservicesinthemarketplace.Whilethelegalprinciplesthatunderlieeachoftheserightsaredistinct,theyeachshareacommonsetofprinciples.

Anawardofpatent,trademarkorcopyrightprotectionrequiresadelicatebalancebetweentheinterestsoftheinventororauthorandtheinterestofsocietyasawhole.Thisbalanceisverymuchlikethetradeoff(折衷)requiredbyzoninglaws,whichattempttoprotecttheownershipinterestandexclusiverighttousethatalandownerhaswithsociety’sinterestinthelimiteduseoftheowner'slandforsociety'sgreatergood,Publicutilityeasementsandrightofwaysareexamplesofthisbalance.

Thegrantofapatentonanimportantinventionofalifesavingdrugrepresentsasimilarsetoftradeoffs.Isitfairtotheinventortoallowsocietyfreeaccesstothepatenteddrug?Isitfairtosocietytobedeniedaccessforitsgreatergood?ItistheroleofintellectualPropertylawtoharmonizetheseseeminglyconflictinginterests,

Intellectualpropertyrightsalsofosteracompetitivemarketplace.Theydosobyencouragingdisclosureofinnovationthroughprotectingthefruitsofthatinnovationforaperiodoftime.Disclosureallowsotherstobuildandimproveuponpriorinnovationsothatthestateoftheartcontinuestoevolveanddevelop.Withoutthebenefitsprovidedbyintellectualpropertyprotection,themarketplacewouldnotoperateaseffectively.Imaginewhattheworldwouldbelikeifeverycompetitorhadtocontinuously"reinventthewheel"ratherthanbeingabletorefineandimproveupontheworksofothers.

Finally,intellectualpropertyrightsareregionalinnatureandtheconditionsoftheirgrantandenforceabilityaregovernedbythelawsofeachjurisdiction(權(quán)限).AU.S.patentcanbeonlygrantedandenforcedinaccordancewiththelawsoftheUnitedStates.AtrademarkcanonlyberegisteredandenforcedinCanadainaccordancewiththelawsofCanada,andacopyrightcanonlyberegisteredandenforcedinMexicoinaccordancewithitslaws.Whilethereisadesiretobesomewhatuniform.andconsistent,countrieshavedifferentapproachestointellectualpropertyrightsprotection.VariationsintheprocedureforobtainingIPrightsaccountforalargepercentageofthesedifference,ratherthanthedifferencesinthesubstantive(永久的)rightsgrantedineachcountry.

Thewords"patent"and"trademark"areoftenusedinterchangeably.Manytimes,wehearthatapatentisusedtoprotectalogoandthatatrademarkisusedtoprotectaninvention,andviceversa.Whilepatentsandtrademarksmaybeassociatedwiththesameproduct,thetwowordshaveverydifferentmeaningsandrefertoverydifferentformsofintellectualpropertyrights.Theycans

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20.

Inmostcases,whatwerequireacartodousesonlyasmallpercentageofits'horsepower.

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二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(31)

A.Howmanyweeksthereareinamonth.

B.Whichdayspeopleshouldwork.

C.Howtheweekisdividedintodays.

D.Whichdaybeginstheweek.

22.

【B7】

23.(13)

A.Jazz.

B.Classicalmusic.

C.Rockandroll.

D.Allkindsofmusic.

24.(25)

A.Aheavysmoker.

B.Alightsmoker.

C.Achain-smoker.

D.Asecond-handsmoker.

25.(36)

A.HumanBasicNeeds.

B.MaterialComfort.

C.Food:HumanBasicNeed.

D.BasicNecessitiesofLife.

26.(22)

A.Thetransformer.B.Thebattery.C.Thefuses.D.Thewires.

27.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：M:Look,I'msorryIdidn'tturnupforthematchyesterday,butitwasn'treallymyfault,youknow.

W:It'sallverywellsayingitwasn'tyourfaultbutthankstoyouwelost10to1.

Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?

(12)

A.Thewomanblamesthemanforhisabsence.

B.Thewomanthinksthateverythingwasallright.

C.Thewomanthanksthemanforhisefforts.

D.Thewomandoesn'tthinkitwastheman'sfault.

28.(24)

A.Sheworksatthemeatcounter.

B.Sheputsgroceriesoutontheshelves.

C.Shecarriesgroceriesoutofthestoreforcustomers.

D.Shechecksthequalityofmilkproducts.

29.【B8】

30.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：M:So,Lisa,lastweekweboughtacoffeemakerfromthesupermarket.Howdoesitwork?

W:Actually,itdoesn'tworkwell.Itwasawasteofmoney.IguessIshouldhaveshoppedaroundforagoodone.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(12)

A.Sheshouldnotbuyacoffeemakeratall.

B.Shewillbuyanothercoffeemakersomeday.

C.Thequalityofthecoffeemakersheboughtwaspoor.

D.Shewillcomplaintotheshopmanageraboutthecoffeemaker.

31.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：W:RogerandIwouldliketogotoamovietonight.Haveyouseenanygoodoneslately?

M:Isaw"TheLastExplorer"lastnight.It'sgreat.It'saboutthehighestwaterfallintheworld,AngelFalls.

Q:Whatdidthemansayaboutthemovie?

(12)

A.Itwasso-so.

B.Itwasexpensive.

C.Itwaslost.

D.Itwasgreat.

32.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：MostpeoplewhoworkinLondongetabreakofaboutanhourforlunch.Astheymostlivetoofarfromhometogobarkforlunch,theyhavetomakeotherarrangementsfortheirmiddaymeal.

Manylargecompanieshaveacanteendesignedfortheiremployees.Insuchcanteensthefoodservedissimplebutadequateandalthoughthereareavarietyofchoices,thenumberofdishesissmall.Theemployeesthemselvesfetchtheirdishesfromacounteratwhichtheyareserved.

AstherearesomanypeopleatworkinLondon,therearenumerouscafesandrestaurantsineveryareathatisnotpurelyresidential.Amealmaycostanythingfromamodestsumtoquiteafewpounds,dependingontherestaurantandthefoodchosen.Moreover,onecangenerallygetameal,oratleastasnack,inapub.Anumberofwell-knowncaterersrunpopularcafesinpracticallyeverydistrictofLondon.Inmanyofthesecafesthereisself-service—therearenowaitersorwaitresses.

Manyemployeesdonotbothertogoouttolunch.Theybringtheirownsandwiches,andperhapsanappleorbread,withwhichtheyhaveacupoftea,probablymadeintheoffice.Thismethodhastheadvantagesofbeingcheapandsayingtimeingettingtoarestaurantandqueuingupthere.Insummer,manypeoplegooutandsitonabenchinaparkorpublicsquare,andeattheirsandwichesthere.Theyareoftenabletolistentolunch-timeconcertsandplays,too.

(27)

A.Becausetheirhomesaretoofarfromtheircompanies.

B.Becausetheyarenotallowedtoleavetheoffice.

C.Becausetheydon'twanttocookbythemselves

D.Becausetheyhaveotherarrangementsduringthelunchtime.

33.

【B4】

34.(30)

A.CocaCola.B.Sausage.C.Milk.D.Friedchicken.

35.(17)

A.Gototheparties.

B.Goforaridewiththeman.

C.Studyforherexam.

D.Changeherclothes.

36.(28)

A.Becausetheyfindsomeworkexceedinglydull.

B.Becausetheyfindworklesspainfulthanidleness.

C.Becausetheyhavetoomuchleisureanddon'tknowhowtokilltime.

D.Becausetheyhavetoworkashardasiftheywerepoor.

37.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Bookshaven'tchangedmuchsinceJohannGuttenburginventedtheprintingpressinthefifteenthcentury.Themethodsforproducingbooksare,ofcourse,farmoresophisticated,butintheend,abookremainsasequential,static【B1】______.Thistypeoforganizationismade-to-orderfornovels,inwhichastoryisreadfrompageonetotheend.Theprintedpage,however,hasits【B2】______forjustaboutanybookordocumentthatcontainsanindex,includingallvarietiesofreferencebooks,encyclopedias,"howto"books,【B3】______,andtextbooks.

Overthenextfewyears,theprintedpagesofcollegetextbookswillbegintheir【B4】______toatechnology-basedpresentation.Nobodyknowsforsurewhatthetextbookofthefuturewilllooklike.Most【B5】______andpublishersagree,however,thatchangeisjustoverthe【B6】______.Perhapsitistimeto【B7】______onwhatthattechnologywilllooklikeandwhatitwillbringtotheclassroom—orpossiblythehome,theoffice,thestudentunion,thecar…

Theinteractivebook,ori-bookwilloffermany【B8】______overtraditionalbooks.Staticfigureswillcomealivewithanimation.Motionvideowillbeavailabletodemonstrate,elaborate,orclarify.【B9】______.Thei-bookwillhelpreadersidentifyandovercomegapsinunderstanding.Readerswillbeabletoclickonortouch"activewords"todisplayrelatedmaterial.WhenlinkedtotheInternet,【B10】______.Marginnotescanbewrittenorspoken.【B11】______.

【B1】

38.聽力原文：W：Wehavethisoryoumightbeinterestedinthesenotecards．

M：IthinkI'dreallyratherhavesomepaleyellowpaperformycorrespondence．

Q：Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?

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A.Inastationerystore.

B.Inalibrary.

C.Inaclassroom.

D.Inapostoffice.

39.聽力原文：M:Willthatbecashorcharge?

W:IwanttopaybycheckifImay.

M:Certainly.That'scash,then.

W:Cash?

M:Yes.Bothmoneyandchecksareconsideredcash.Onlycreditcardsarecharge.

W:Oh.

M:JustmakethecheckouttotheFamilyStore.

W:Okay.

M:AndI'llneedtwopiecesofidentification.Adriver'slicenseandamajorcreditcard.

W:Well,here'smydriver'slicense,Idon'thaveanychargecards.

M:Ineedtwonumbers.YourstudentnumberisontheID,isn'tit?

W:Yes,itis.Doyouneedanythingelse?

M:Justputyourtelephonenumberonthefrontofthecheck.

W:Okay.

M:Good.Nowletmegiveyouyourlicense,yourID,andyourpackage.AndthankyouforshoppingattheFamilyStore.

W:Thankyou.

(20)

A.Tohelpthewomanmakeapurchase.

B.Torequestthewoman'sidentification.

C.ToshowthewomanforacourseatCityCollege.

D.Toregisterthewomanbowtomakeoutacheck.

40.(35)

A.Theamountoftearscanbeadapted.

B.Cryingaffectsthefeelings.

C.Tearsdischargechemicalsbuiltupduringstress.

D.Cryingleadstoproducingmorechemicalsinmars.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

WhathappenedtotheNewYorkKnicksinthe1980s?

42.

Todealwiththecasesof______makesthecreditcardcompaniesworrymost.

43.

Inthesentence"observersarewaitingforthedominoestostartfalling","dominoesstartfalling"means______.

44.

【C9】

45.(57)

46.

Itcanbeinterredfromthepassagethattheauthorvaluesgoodliteratureprimarilyforitsabilityto______.

47.

AsStanleysaid,ifyouwenttoknowhow.whenorwhyHerakleionandEasternCanopusdisappeared,therewas/were______toreferto.

48.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Pronouncingalanguageisaskill.Everypersonisexpertintheskillofpronouncinghisownlanguage;butfewareevenmoderatelyproficientatpronouncingforeignlanguages.Thefundamentalreasonwhypeopledonotspeakforeignlanguagesverywellisthattheyfalltograspthetruenatureoftheproblemoflearningtopronounce,andconsequentlyneversetabouttacklingitintherightway.Manypeoplejustfailtorealizepronouncingaforeignlanguageisaskill—onethatneedscarefultrainingandonethatcan'tbeacquiredbyjustleavingittotakecareofitself.Eventeacherstendtoneglectthebranchofstudyconcernedwithspeakingthelanguage.SothefirstpointtomakehereisthatEnglishpronunciationmustbetaught;theteachermustbepreparedtodevotesomelessentimetothis.Andbyhiswholeattitudetothesubjecttheteachershouldgetstudentstofeel.thathereisamatterworthyofreceivingcloseattention.SothereshouldbeoccasionswhenotheraspectsofEnglishsuchasgrammarorspellingareallowedforthemomenttotakesecondplace.

Apartfromthetimegiventopronunciation,therearetwomorerequirementsfortheteacher:knowledgeandtechnique.

Theteachershouldbeinpossessionofthenecessaryinformation.Itispossibletogetfrombookssomeideaofspeechmechanics,togetaclearmentalpictureoftherelationshipbetweenthesoundsofdifferentlanguages,betweenthespeechhabitsofEnglishpeopleandthoseofthestudents.Unlesstheteacherhassuchapicture,anycommentshemaymakeonhisstudents'pronunciationareunlikelytobeofmuchuse,andlessontimespentonpronunciationmaywellbewasted.

Butitdoesnotfollowthattheteachercanteachpronunciationsuccessfullyassoonashehasreadthenecessarybooks.Itdependsafterthatwhathemakesofhisknowledge;andthisisamatteroftechnique.Nowthefirstandmostimportantpartofalanguageteacher'stechniqueishisownperformance,hisabilitytodemonstratethespokenlanguage,ineverydetailofarticulationaswellasinfluentspeaking,sothatthestudents'latentcapacityforimitationisgiventhefullestscopeandencouragement.Theteacher,then,shouldbeasperfectamodelinthisrespectashecanmakehimself.Andtosupplementhisownperformance,howeversatisfactorythismaybe,themodernteacherhasathisdisposalrecordingsandradio,tosupplytheauthenticvoicesofnativespeakers.

Whatdoestheauthoractuallysayaboutpronouncingforeignlanguages?

A.Therearenotmanypeoplewhoareevenfairlygood.

B.Nobodyisreallyanexpertintheskill.

C.Thereareevensomepeoplewhoaremoderatelyproficient.

D.Onlyafewpeoplearereallyproficient.

49.

Itcanbeinferre