專升本語(yǔ)法培訓(xùn)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)法講解Non-finite非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的類型:

Infinitive不定式Gerund動(dòng)名詞Participle分詞Non-finiteStructure:

tobedoneInfinitive:todoNegative(否定):nottodoPassivevoice:(1).主語(yǔ)Subject不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),往往放在謂語(yǔ)之后,用it作形式主語(yǔ).Togetenoughsleepatnightisimportant.It____________________________________.Itisadj.(forsb)todosth.Itis+apleasure/anhonor/apitytodo.Ittakessb+timetodo.Non-finiteisimportanttogetenoughsleepatnight(2).表語(yǔ)PredicativeMyjobYourtask______________(努力學(xué)習(xí)).istostudyhardNon-finiteToseeistobelieve.toteachyouEnglish.Thesedayseveryonewantstogetrichfast.(3)賓語(yǔ)

Object常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:fail,happen,mean,wish,hope,decide,refuse,offer,learn,agree，etc.+todoNon-finiteliketodomanagetodoTheteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.(4).賓補(bǔ)Complement五看

watch

see

lookat

observe

notice三使

let

make

have

二聽(tīng)

listento

hear一感覺(jué):

feel當(dāng)遇到下列動(dòng)詞時(shí),不定式省略to:allow,cause,ask,advise,expect,force,permit,persuade,tell,want,warn,teach等.

Non-finite醫(yī)生建議他去南方.Thedoctoradvisedhimtogotothesouth.+sbtodoImadehimdohiswork.He______________________byme.Seesbdosth---sbbeseentodoHewasseen___fromthetreeandgethurt.fallB.tofall

C.fallingD.fallen改錯(cuò):Hewasheardtalktohismotherforanhour.totalkwasmadetodohiswork(5).定語(yǔ)Attributive(如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,則不定式中要有介詞.)Heislookingfor__________.（一間可以住的房子）Thereisnothing___________.*我想要幾本書(shū)在旅途中看。I’dlike________________________________.afewbookstoreadduringthejourney---Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?---Itisaverygood_____.A.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudytoworryaboutThetopicstobediscussedattomorrow’smeetingisconcernedabouttheOlympics2008.（沒(méi)有什么可擔(dān)心的）aroomtoliveinIcameheretoseeyou.Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.(6)狀語(yǔ)Adverbialinorderto,soasto,1.表目的2.表原因Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.3.表結(jié)果Thisroomisbigenoughtoholdus.enough…to,too…to,onlyto,etc.Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.Non-finite1.作主語(yǔ)2.作表語(yǔ)3.作賓語(yǔ)4.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)5.作定語(yǔ)6.作狀語(yǔ)在句中承擔(dān)的成分:主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)進(jìn)行式完成式完成進(jìn)行式TenseandVoice

（時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)）

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

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tohavebeendoing----------(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)/發(fā)生在它之后.)(在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的同時(shí),不定式的動(dòng)作也正在進(jìn)行)(完成式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前)who,which,when,how,what,whom,whether等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。我不知道是否要接受邀請(qǐng)。Idon’tknowwhethertoaccepttheinvitationornot.(賓語(yǔ))Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.(主語(yǔ))如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題很重要。我的問(wèn)題是什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始。Myquestioniswhentostart.(表語(yǔ))Non-finite不定式與疑問(wèn)詞連用:關(guān)于省略(1).不定式中的動(dòng)詞上文已出現(xiàn)過(guò),下文要省略該動(dòng)詞.e.g.:Wouldyouliketogowithme?

(2).不定式是tobe結(jié)構(gòu),be不可省.e.g.:Wouldyouliketobeateacher?

A.I’dliketo

B.I’dliketogo

Yes,_______.Non-finiteA.I’dliketobe.B.I’dliketo.Yes,______.

(eat,giveup,finish,explain,tell)1.Myteacherwasmade_______histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.togiveupexplaining/tobeexplainedtobefinishednottoeat3.Wefinditimpossibleforthework

__________aheadoftime.4.Thepatientwaswarned______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.2.Thesentencewants________________oncemore.5.Imeant_________youaboutit,butIforgottodoso.tohavetold

1.--Iusuallygotherebytrain.--Whynot____byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing2.Ratherthan___onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers____abicycle.A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding4.Shecan’thelp____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned

3.Whileshopping,peoplesometimecan’thelp____intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.topursueB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded5.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying6.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.don’tmake7.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____whethertheywillenjoyit.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.see8.Themotherdidn’tknow____toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.A.whoB.whenC.howD.why9.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.learnB.tolearnC.learned D.learning10.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot______.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff11.Iwouldlove____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone

12.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat____inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects13.LittleJimshouldlove____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking14.Theteacheraskedus____somuchnoise.A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，而且放在其他后置定語(yǔ)之后。1.不定式做定語(yǔ)與所修飾的詞之間有三種關(guān)系：(1)動(dòng)賓關(guān)系Ihavealotofworktodo.(2)主謂關(guān)系Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.(3)同位關(guān)系Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.固定句型:hadbetter+(not)dosth.最好（不）做某事Why(not)dosth.?…prefertodo/preferdoing…prefer+n./doingA+to+n./doingB…prefer+todoAratherthan(to)doB…wouldrather(not)dosth.…wouldratherdoAthan(do)B…wouldrather+句子（過(guò)去式）（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）要做……*在thefirst,thesecond…，thelast和only之后，只能用todo。如：Hewasthelasttoleavetheclassroom．*如果understand，realize,know用在begin,start,attempt,intend后，只能用todo。如：Ibegantounderstandthetruth．*表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用nottodo,而用inordernottodo或soasnottodo。如：(√)Inordernottobeseen,hecameintotheroomthroughthewindow．

(×)Nottobeseen,hecameintotheroomthroughthewindow．

(√)Hecameintotheroomthroughthewindowsoasnottobeseen．*soastodo一般不放在句首。

(√)Hegetupatfivethismorningsoastocatchtheearlybus．

(X)Soastocatchtheearlybus，hegotupatfivethismorning．注意以下幾種情況不定式的用法Myteacherwasmade_____histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.Thesentencewants____oncemore.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.explaining3.TheArcticisconsidered____thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.havingbeenB.tohavebeenC.tobeD.being4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_____forhimwithoutdelay.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave5.IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard____.learnedB.learningC.tobelearnedD.tolearn6.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot______.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff7.---Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?---Thekey____theproblemistomeetthedemand____bythecustomers.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made8.---Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?----Itisaverygood_____.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudy9.---Didyougetajob?---No,I___,butit’snouse.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned10.Wefinditimpossibleforthework___aheadoftime.tofinishB.finishingC.beingfinishedD.tobefinished11.---IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.----Whynot___therebyboatforachange?totrytogoB.trygoingC.totrygoingD.trytogo12.___aliving,shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight.TomakeB.MadeC.MakingD.Tohavemade13.Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan___forfood.begB.beggingC.beggedD.tobeg14.Theboypretended____whenhismotherentered.readingB.toreadC.tobereadingD.beingread1.Toseeyouisglad.=It’sgladtoseeyou.2.Iwanttoseeyou.3.Iwanthimtoseeyou.4.Myhopeistoseeyou.5.Heisthemantoseeyou.6.I’mgladtoseeyou.7.Iwenttoseeyou.8.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou9.Totellyouthetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.10.Howtosolvethisproblemisveryimportant.（作主語(yǔ)）(作賓語(yǔ)）（作賓補(bǔ)）(作表語(yǔ)）（作定語(yǔ)）（作原因狀語(yǔ)）（作目的狀語(yǔ)）（作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）獨(dú)立成分和疑問(wèn)詞連用Gerund主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)ing一般式完成式一.Structure：doingNegative：notdoing二.時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)makinghavingmade(不作定語(yǔ)）beingmadehavingbeenmade(不作定語(yǔ)三.在句中承擔(dān)的成分:1.作主語(yǔ)2.作賓語(yǔ)3.作定語(yǔ)4.作表語(yǔ)Collectinginformationisveryimportanttobusiness.1.作主語(yǔ):Seeingisbelieving.

e.g.---Whatmadehimsounhappy?---____theticketforthefootballmatch.HavingbeenlostB.LostC.BecauseoflosingD.LosingKey:________DLosingtheticketforthefootballmatchmadehimsounhappy對(duì)著打翻了的牛奶哭是沒(méi)用的。Cryingoverthespiltmilkisnouse.Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.類似的還有：Itisnogooddoingsth.Itisnousedoingsth.IenjoylearningEnglish.Howaboutmeetingoutsidethetheatre?2.作賓語(yǔ):Vt.Prep.+doingadmit,appreciate,deny,resist,stand,imagine,suggest,mind,finish,enjoy,keep,practise,miss,avoid,delay,excuse,escape,consider,can’thelp,等。如:1）你介意我在這兒抽煙嗎?Wouldyoumindmysmokinghere?2）這女孩被告知每天練習(xí)三個(gè)小時(shí)的鋼琴.Thegirlwastoldtopractiseplayingthepianoforthreehourseveryday．

3）Goodnewskeepscoming.

下列動(dòng)詞通常用~ing形式作賓語(yǔ)：e.g.insiston,prevent…from,dependon,feellike,befondof,succeedin,beproudof,excuse…for,apologizefor,lookforwardto,objectto,beusedto,beopposedto,…etc.

下列V.+prep.通常用~ing形式作賓語(yǔ),尤其注意介詞toPrep.后通常用~ing形式作賓語(yǔ).e.g.Theboystoodstillwithout__________(dare)toraisehisheadbecauseof___________(break)avase.daringhavingbrokenremembertodorememberdoingforgettodoforgetdoingstoptodostopdoinggoontodogoondoingtrytodotrydoingregrettodoregretdoingmeantodomeandoingtodo和doing的區(qū)別:①V+sbtodosth

&

V+doingsthe.g.：Thedoctoradvisedmenottogotobedtoolate.Pleasepermitmetointroducemyselftoyoufirst．Yousurelycan'tconsiderhimtobeaselfishman．Myparentsforbidmetostayoutaftermid-night．Iallowedthechildrentoplayinmyroomforanotherfiveminutes.注意:動(dòng)詞如：permit,allow，admit，forbid，imagine，consider有不同的用法:advise／permit／allow／admit／forbid／considerdoingsth.e.g.：

Thelittleboyadmittedhavingbrokentheglass.Theyshouldn'tallowparkinginthestreet;it'stoonarrow.Iforbidsmokinginmyhouse．Wedonotpermitsmokingintheoffice．Myhobbyiscollectingstampsandfishing.Hisjobisteaching.3.作表語(yǔ)What’sthedifferencebetweenthem?I’mfishing.Myhobbyisfishing.動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞awalkingstickAswimmingpoolAsleepingcar4.作定語(yǔ):區(qū)別ThewalkingmanTheswimminggirlThesleepingboy動(dòng)名詞修飾名詞表示名詞的功能現(xiàn)在分詞修飾名詞表示該名詞所處的狀態(tài)Tominsistedoncomingtotheparty.Tominsistedonmycomingtotheparty.我?guī)缀鯚o(wú)法想象peter在五天內(nèi)橫渡大西洋.IcanhardlyimaginePetersailingacrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.Gerund的邏輯主語(yǔ):在動(dòng)詞或詞組need,want,require,beworth,deserve,etc.后的動(dòng)名詞表示被動(dòng)意義:Yourcompositionneedsimproving.Yourcompositionneedstobeimproved.Thebookisworthreadingasecondtime.Thebookisworthytoberead/ofbeingreadasecondtime.動(dòng)名詞表示被動(dòng)意義:

-ing分詞(以make為例)-ed分詞主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式完成式主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式

完成式HavingmademakingbeingmadeHavingbeenmademadeXXX分詞在句中承擔(dān)的成分:由于分詞具有形容詞性和副詞性,在句子中不能充當(dāng)具有名詞特征的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ).

成份類別主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞××過(guò)去分詞××作定語(yǔ)1.ThetopicsbeingdiscussedeverywhererecentlyisconcernedabouttheOlympics2008.tobediscusseddiscussed進(jìn)行完成將來(lái)2.Thetopics________________(discuss)attomorrow’smeetingisconcernedabouttheOlympics2008.3.

Thetopics_______________(discuss)atyesterday’smeetingwasabouttheOlympics2008.Theglassisbroken.Thefoodsmellsinviting.2.作表語(yǔ)Whathesaidsounds__________(convince).Hewas___________(interest)inwhathelearnedinCanadaandhethoughteverythinginCanadawas____________(interest)．convincinginterestedinteresting這道菜香味怡人。Pleasefillintheblankwiththeverbgiven：使…信服類似情況還有：surprising~surprised,exciting~excited,tiring~tired,disappointing~disappointed,encouraging~encouraged，

amazed~amazing,bored~boring,pleasing~pleased,astonishing~astonished.

-ed分詞Sb.+Link.v+-ed分詞-ing分詞

Sth.+Link.v+-ing分詞人的感覺(jué)事物本身的特點(diǎn)Theycaughthimcheatinginthemid-termexaminationHewascaughtcheatinginthemid-termexamination.Youcan'tleavetheworkshopwiththemachinerunning.

3.作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)1.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)2.主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)3.介詞賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Fillintheblank:1.Hewassurprisedtofindhisroom

thoroughly_______.(clean)2.LastnightIsawhim_______(play)theviolinwithhiseyes_______(shut).“被動(dòng)”“主動(dòng)”cleanedplayingshut“被動(dòng)”分詞作狀語(yǔ)，修飾謂語(yǔ)，大多說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情景，表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、讓步、伴隨情況等。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，這一結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)是主句的主語(yǔ),而句子本身可與狀語(yǔ)從句等句型轉(zhuǎn)換。4.作狀語(yǔ)1.Whenweheardthenews,wejumpedwithjoy.

=Hearingthenews,wejumpedwithjoy.2.Whenitisheated,themetalexpands.Heated,themetalexpands.3.Becausehedidn‘tknowhowtodoit,hewenttohisfatherforhelp.=Notknowinghowtodoit,hewenttohisfatherforhelp.4.Astheyweredeeplymoved,thechildrenbegantocry.=

Deeplymoved

bythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.“主動(dòng)”“被動(dòng)”表示時(shí)間表示原因=5.________(look)outofthewindow,youcanhaveafullviewofthebeach.=Ifyoulookoutofthewindow,youcanhaveafullviewofthebeach.