2020年全國大學(xué)生英語競賽C類全真模擬試卷及答案(一)

2020C及答案（一）PartII andStructure（15minutes，30points）SectionA MultipleChoice（20points）Directions：Questions31-50constituteacompletepassage．Thereare20blanksintheeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedandtheonethatbestcompletesthemarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwith asinglelinethroughthecentre．SeniorMetropolitanpoliceofficerstriedtodismisstheNotingHillraceriotswhichragedforfivenightsovertheAugustbankholidayin1958astheworkof“ruffians，bothcoloredandwhite”hell-bentonhooliganism，accordingtoofficialfiles．A．recentrevealed B．newlyreleasedC．previousdisclosingD．earlierexposingButpoliceeyewitnessreportsinthesecretpapersthattheywereoverwhelminglytheworkofawhiteworkingclassmobouttogetnigger．A．contain B．convinceC．consist D．confirmeferocityofegl racialriotsepressdatthetime，shockedBritaininto forthefirsttimethatitwasnotabovethekindofracialconflictthenbeingplayedoutintheAmericandeepsouth．A．realizing B．witnessingC．watching D．identifyingThewillthestreetsofwestLondonmorethan1.5millionpeoplethisweekend，wasstartedin1959asadirectresponsetotheriots．A．crowd；of B．pour；forC．fill；with D．emerge；inWhileseniorofficerstriedtoplaydowntheracialaspectsofthetheinternalMetropolitanpolicefilesreleasedthismonthatthepublicrecordofficeconfirmthatthedisturbanceswereoverwhelmingly by300to400BritainWhite”mobsofthemTeddyboysarmedwithironbars，butcher'sknivesandweightedleatherbelts，whowent“nigger-hunting”amongtheWestIndianresidentsofNotingHillandNotingDale．A．erupted B．commencedC．triggered D．inauguratedThefirstnightleftfiveblackmen onthepavementsofNotingHill．A．lyingunconscious B．therediedC．feelfaint D．seriousThebattlesragedoverthebankholidayweekendastheblackrespondedinkindwithcounterattacksbylargegroupsof“menofcolor”similarlyarmed．A．column B．a(chǎn)rmyC．brigade D．communityThomasWilliamswasstoppedbythepoliceashecameoutofBluey'sClubonTalbotapieceofirondownhislefttrouserleg，apetrolbombinhisrightpocketandarazorbladenhisebreastpocket“Ihaveoprotectf”hedeoffice．A．foundtohave B．wasfoundtohaveC．foundhaving D．wasfoundhavingThe files，whichweresealedunderthe75-yearrulebuthavebeenreleasedearly，showthatseniorofficerstriedtoconvincethethenhome“tesnotaracialtorioting．A．forbidden B．confidentialC．incredible D．strictInhisofficialreporetsofegHillpolicesaidthenationalpresshadbeenwrongtoportraythesoftdisturbance“raciariots“stherecertainlywassomefeelingbetweenwhiteandcoloredresidentsinthisarea，itisabundantlyclearmuchofthetroublewascausedbyruffians colored and white，who seized on this opportunityto indulge inhooliganism”A．illB．sickC．painfulD．hurtButthepolicewitnessstatementsandprivatestatistics A．tolddifferently B．interpretedinadifferentwayC．existedmanydifferences D．toldadifferentstoryTheMetcommissionerwastoldthat the108peoplewhowerechargedwithoffencesrangingfromgrievousbodilyharmtoaffrayandriotandpossessingoffensiveweapons，72werewhiteand36were．A．for B．fromC．of D．inItispopularlybelievedthattheriotbeganonthenightoft20，na400gdofen，“，attackedhousesoccupiedbyWestA．theyareall B．manyofthemC．somewere D．mostofthembelongto44．Amongthe wasMajbrittMorrison ，ayoungwhiteSwedishbrideofaJamaican．A．offenders B．riotersC．victims D．residentsShewaspeltedwithandinthewithanironbarasshetriedtogethome．A．bruised B．struckC．patted D．scratchedTheinternalpolicewitnessstatementsprovidegraphicevidenceofthemotivesofthemobs—atonepointcrowdsseveralthousandstrongroamedthestreetsofNottingHill， homesandattackinganyWestIndiantheycouldfind．A．plunginginto B．breakingintoC．seekingfor D．searchingforPCRichardBedfordsaidhehadseenamobof300to400whitepeoplenydelkilllblackbastards．don'tyousendthemhome？”A．shouting B．tocryC．utter D．a(chǎn)nnouncedCIannoneenightdhesdyourown outofwillsettletheseniggersourrebastard”A．matters B．a(chǎn)ffairC．things D．businessThedisturbancescontinuednightafternightuntiltheyfinallypeteredoutonSeptember5．AttheOldBaileyJudgeSalmonlaterhandeddownexemplary offouryearseachonninewhiteyouthswhohadgoneniggerhuntin．A．decisions B．statementsC．trials D．sentencesWhilethosedealtwithbythecourtswereoverwhelminglywhite ，thelargenumberofblackpeoplealsoarrestedandtheofficial therehadnotbeenaracialmotiveensuredalegacyofblack mistrusttheMetropolitanpolicethathasneverreallybeenA．persistence B．perseveranceC．insistence D．instanceSectionBErrorCorrection（10points）Directions：Thefollowingpassagecontains9errors．Ineachcaseonlyonewordisinvolved．YoushouldproofreadthepassageontheAnswerSheetandcorrectitinthefollowingway：EXAMPLEOnenight，quitelate，IwasstillawakeintheroomIamsharedwith1.ammyhusband．Iwaslyingonmyrightsideandcanhearachildcrying．2.couldGettingup，Iwent∧seeifoursonwasallright．3.toHe was sleeping soundly ， breathing deeply gently． 4. √TheZipperWhateverdidwedobeforetheinventionofthezipper？In1893theworld'sfirstzipperwasproducedinChicago．Althoughtheinventorclaimedthatitwasareliablefasteningfor clothing，this was not the case．The Chicago zipper 51． openwithoutwarning，orjammedshut，anditswiftlylostpopularity．Twenty years ago a Swedish-born engineer 52． Sundbacksolvedtheproblem．Heattachedtinycupstothebacks of the interlocked teeth，and this meant that the 53． couldbeenmeshedmorefirmlyandreliably．Atfirstzippersweremadeofmetal．Theywereheavy，andif they got stuck it was difficult to free．Then came 54． zipperswhichwerelighterandeasiertouse，andhadsmallerteeth．Thefashionindustrylikedthenewzippersfarbetterbecausetheydidn’t distortthe lineof the garmentorweighing55． downlightfabrics．Theywerealsoeasierforthemachiniststofitintothegarment．Meanwhileanewfasteningagentmadeitsappearanceatthe end of the twenty century: velcro. Velcrois another 56． madefromnylon．Nylonisaverytoughsyntheticfibrefirstdevelopedinthe1930s，andbearinganametomindthewearer57． ofthetwoplaceswhereitwasdeveloped：NYforNewYorkandLONforLondon．Velcroismadewithverysmallnylonhooksononesideofthefasteningwhichcaughttinyloopedwhiskersonthe58． othersideofthefastening．Itisstronganddurable．Velcrois used on clothing，luggages and footwear．It is 59． andeasytofastenandunfasten，andhastakenalargepartofthezipper'sshareofthemarket．Itisalsousedinwaysazippercannotbeused—forinstanceasaneasilychangedfasteningonplaster casts ，and to hold furnishing fabrics in position． 60． PartIIISituationalDialogues（5minutes，10points）Directions：Completethefollowingdialoguesbychoosingthebestanswer．ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre．61．Rob：HeyJill，you'relookinggreat．Jill：Thanks，Rob． Rob：Well，youdidit．How？Jill：Ijogeverymorning，andIgotoaerobicseveryotherday．A．Iboughtthisdressyesterday．Reallysmart．B．Youarelookingfinetoo．C．I'mrecoveringmystrengthaftertheflu．D．MyNewYear'sresolutionwastogetinshape．62．Bob：HiJane．Howareyou？Ididn'tsleepawinklastpeoplenextdoorweremakingalotofnoiseagaintillverylateatnight．A．I'mfeelingabitoutofsortsthismorning．B．Fine，thankyou．Andyou？C．Isleptlikealoganddidn'twanttogetoutofbed．D．Itseemsabitunusual，youknow．AnnatthosedidyougetAnn ：Oh，right．WhatkindisRoger：ASusan'sgotamorebeautifulone．What'sup？It'sasheactually．Isn'titright？atallthethingsonsale． shirtis50％off．dkteye30％offenormalpric．liketobuyaaresomerealbargains．C．Arethepricesreasonable？D．Theseshoesarethesameasmine．youfinishedthepackaging？Man： thetruckwillbecomingisarushjob．Don'thurrym orI'llbreaktheglass．justhavetowraptheglassandputitintoboxes．No，Ihaven't．Whydidn'tyouhelpmewithhave．WhatelsecanIdoforyou？66．CustomsOfficer： Mrs．Johnson：No，nothingatall．CustomsOfficer：Noperfume，alcoholorcigarettes？Mrs．Johnson：Well，Ihave200cigarettes；that'sall．Doyouhaveanythinginthebag，ma'am？Doyouhaveanythingtodeclare，ma'am？Doyouwanttobuysomething，ma'am？IsthereanythingIcandoforyou，ma'am？67．Linda：Hello．I'dliketosendthispackage，please．Clerk： Linda：Firstclass．Howlongwillthattake？Clerk：Aboutthreedays．wdyoueod？hseyouin？C．Wheredoyouwanttosenditto？D．Whichclassisitin？68．Assistant：CanIhelpyou？nstssIdteotherdacolourrananditshrank．Assistant：Ohdear，Isee． Colin：I'mafraidnot．I'mnotallowedtochangeanythingwithoutareceipt．A．Didyoubuyithere？B．Wouldyouwanttochangeit？C．Doyouhavethereceipt？D．Couldyoutellmewhosoldittoyou？69．James：CouldIhavemybill，please？CanIpaybycreditcardoreurocheque？Receptionist： James：I'llpaybycreditcard，then．Receptionist：That'sfine．Ihopeyouenjoyedyourstayhere．A．Here'syourbill．B．Sorry，wedon'ttakecreditcard．C．Youcanpaybyeurocheque．D．Yes，wetakeboth．Husband：Whenisouranniversary？Husband：No，it'sjustthatIboughttheseflowersforyouandIwashopingtodaywastheday．Hmm．．Ican'tremembereither．Why？Hey，aretheseflowersforWhocares？DoyouwanttogivemeaAreyoujoking？HaveyoureallyforgottenPartIV ReadingComprehension（25minutes，40points）SectionA MultipleChoice（10points）Directions：Thereisonereadingpassageinthispart．Thepassageisfollowedby5questionsorunfinishedeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD．YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre．Questions71to75arebasedonthefollowingpassage：Takingapeepatwhat'sgoingoninyourheadCARLFiler，18，astarsalesmanataB＆QhardwarestoreintheUK，wascalledupforpromotionwithinoneweekofstartingwork．But，insteadofbeingmadesupervisor，hewassacked—afterhisemployerssawtheresultsofhispsychometrictest．utkteosth“ydisagreesheisanover-achieverisaskingfortrouble，butMrFileralreadythoughthehadprovedhimselfmorethancapable．Thisyear，nearlyhalfofUKfirms—46percent—willusepsychometricteststoselectwithjust17percentintoareportforGTI，apublisherofgraduatecareerguides．Theseratecandidates’abilityandgaugetheirpersonality，havebeenusedintheUKsincethe1980s．Butassortedstudieshaveshownmostpeople—graduatesinparticular—arewhollycynicalabouttheideaoftheirpersonalitybeing“measured．“Peopletendtoseethemaseithertoosillyortooclever，saysCliveFletcher，professor of occupational psychology at University tleesesdohaveevalue．Thefirstpersonalitytestasweknowit，wasdevelopedbytheAmericanarmyin1917tofilteroutweakrecruits．Butitwasnotuntilthe1980sthatthetestsbecamepopularinarisingnumberofgraduatesgoingforadecreasingnumberofjobs，organizationsbegantoseepsychometrictestingasacheap，reliablealternativetotheexpensive，time-consuminginterview．Buttodaythetestsarebecomingalarminglysophisticatedandareedgingtowards probing the“dark side：pathology and personalitydisorders．Increasingly，testsarebeingusedtotrytodetectpromisingyounggraduatesorneflyofferail（goorstoppsychopaths（havingmentaldisorder）gettingrecruited．Inthefuture，intervieweescouldevenbegivenamouthswabtorevealegeneticdbiologicalsofpersonalit“eeheadingforaofgeneticg”sns，ofeInstituteforts“Ikeseveryflawe．Andthereareotherproblemswiththeispossibletofakeit—eventhetestproducersagreeonthis．Buttheyhavemadeitashardaspossible．Forexample，lookatwhetheryouagreeordisagreehefollowingos“wseyoe “IfindgeneratingnewconceptsHowlongdidittakeyoutorealizetheybothcouldmeanthesamething？Themainargument，however，isthatthetestsareinvalidandcannotquantify（putanumericalvalueon）somethingaschangeableaspersonality．Thegoldenruleisthen，thatapsychometrictestshouldneverbeusedasthesolebasisofselection，butshouldalwaysbefollowedbyinterviews．71．Mostpeople'sattitudetowardsthepsychometrictestis ．A．contemptuous B．favorable C．tolerant D．confounded72．Whichofthefollowingisoneofthereasonswhypsychometrictestingwinsanadvantageoverinterviews？Itdoesn'tcostanymoney．B．Itrequiresnoequipment．istime-saving． canbedonewithinseconds．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistheauthor'sA．Psychometrictestsaredefective．Psychometrictestsshouldnotbetheonlyway topromisingyounggraduates．Psychometrictestsareinvalidandcannotquantifysomethingchangeableaspersonality．Psychometrictestsaregoldenrules．Thetestproducersmakethetestsverycomplicatedto A．a(chǎn)voidcheating B．improvegeneticscreeningC．findoutthebestideas D．generatenewconceptsWhichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothepassage？A．TheAmericanarmydevelopedthefirstpersonalitytesttoscreenoutweakrecruits．Inthefuture，interviewerscouldgiveamouthswabtorevealinterviewees’symptoms．Therearepossibilitiesforstarterstocheatinthepsychometrictests．Interviewsstillplayanimportantroleinevaluatinginterviewees．SectionBShortAnswerpoints）Directions：Inthispartthereare3passageswith15questionsorincompletestatements．Readthepassagescarefully．Thenanswerthequestions in the fewest possible words（not exceeding s．rorewriteesoner．Questions76to80arebasedonthefollowingpassage：The8StepsofSocialInvention1．Getreadytoplay．Likeothertypesofcreativity，socialinventivenessflourisheswhenyoubegingoutsidelboundarieeat，Minnesota-basedcreativityconsultant，suggeststhatyoustartbyplayinghobviouslydsforysIfcyou'llbemptedo‘tbentupd’Insteadyg‘tbeafamilyofsgehighway’or‘Itsekindofnngoingon ’lbedhownyoulbegtfamiliarproblemsnnews”Girsch'sbook，F(xiàn)anningtheCreativeSpirit（CreativityCentral，1999）hasscoresofotherexercisesforlimberinguptheinventivepartofyourbrain．Generateazillionfar-fetchedideas．Concernedaboutthehomelessinyourneighborhood？ImagineaHomelessHomelessfamiliesforminganorchestra，ahomelessmuseum．．a(chǎn)ndonandon．Generatelikemadwithnoregardforfeasibilityinorder，associalinventionpioneersys，o“overcomeebut-dulls”Eventuallythetwoorthreebestideaswillbegintostandout．TakeyourwildestideaandbringitdowntoHowaboutthatHomelessCircus？Coulditturnintoaforumforhomelesspeopletodisplay theircreativetalents？Aperformanceseriesabouthomelessness？Aneighborhoodcarnivalwiththehomelessasguestsofhonor？Yourflakiestideamayhaveagermofbrilliancethatysteedsefeasibl（dfundabl，thanitsworthy-but-dullcousins．LookforinvenationsthatsolvemorethanoneTheSlowFoodMovement，borninItaly，boostslocalfarmersandregionalcuisinetraditionsandrestaurateursandthesametimethatit“feeds”ourhungerforauthentictastes，healthyeating，andamoreleisurely，sanerstyleoflife．Accentuatethepositive．“AverycommonquestionthatIgetwhenIworkwithpeopleins‘ydoesn'tyetourproblem？notesMlalrdtn“asquestion‘’？questionseforphilosophers．？‘question—yeatepracticae，n“tdyoudofyouknewyoufail？”Giveitarest．Walkawayfromyourfavoriteideaforawhile，forgetaboutit，letityourconsciousmindoutofthesubconsciousgetstofiddlewiththeconceptforawhile，andyoujustmighthaveanunexpectedinsightorbreakthrough．“yesndo“yesbu．Nomatterhowtemptedyouaretothiswillbehardbecauso“butanotherpeopleedoingtconjunctionto“and”andseewhatsortofpositiverefinementorchange“dedeondnetopenols”Getyourideaintotheworld．Thisisthetoughpart．YoumightseekoutthehelpofactivistswhowilltakeashinetoyourbecomeanorganizerGlove，awklIfyouhavenayoubelievein，writeapamphletwithyourphonenumberonitandpostitinLaundromatsandbookstores．Ifthreepeoplecallyou，havelunchwiththemandcallyourselvesanorganization．Iffivepeoplecall，meetwithmdeapressreleas”，you're．Togenerateideashelpsto ．MichaelPattersonwantsustocomeupinsteadof“Why”？questionsbecauseheconsiderstheyaremorepracticalthan ．Thepurposetopractice“yesand”insteadof“yesbut”istomakeyourselfmore ．Accordingtothearticle，whenonehasdifficultydevelopinghisfavoriteidea，heshould ．Oneshouldnotonlygeneratefar-fetchedideasbutalso becausethelatterstepisthenearesttoreality．Questions81to85arebasedonthefollowingpassage：ThinSliceofTVHasBigMarketItistooearlytowriteanobituaryforbulkypicturetubes，whichwillremainthemostaffordableTVsetsforyearstocome．a(chǎn)ndindustryexecutivesinsistthatthinscreensalreadyhavestartedtobecomethedominantformatforTVsetsinthedigitalSharppricecutshavebroughtplasmasetsandotherthin，flattelevisionsoutofhigh-endelectronicboutiquesandintothousandsofmass outletssuchaswholesalebuyingclubintheknownforofferingmembersbulkitemsandbigdiscounts．TheleastexpensiveplasmasetsstillcostaheftyUS ＄3，000ormoreyetsalesaregrowingsorapidlythatmanymanufacturersareracingtoboostproduction．Thatincrease，combinedwithexpandingproductioncapacityandimprovedtechnology，couldpushthepriceofplasmasetsdownbyone-thirdnextyear，accordingtoanalystRichardDohertyofEnvisioneeringGroup，aUSresearchfirm．Butmanufacturersarenotjustcompetingwitheachother；theyarealsotryingtofendoffchallengesfromcompetingthin-screentechnologies，hsdldisplay（．ThedemandforthinscreensisfuelledinpartbytheadventofDVDsanddigitalTVbroadcasts，whichoffermoredetailedpicturesandmorelifelikecolorsthanconventionalanalogTVsignals．Toseethedifference，consumersneedasetthatcanpackmoreinformationontothescreenthantheircurrentTVscan．Thissharpnessismostvividonscreensthatare40inchesdiagonalorthatdirectviewandprojectionTVsaresobulkythatmanyconsumershavetroublefindingaplaceforthemathome．Hencetheinterestinthinscreens—modelsslenderandlightenoughtohangonawall．TheglasspanelsattheheartofplasmaandLCDsetscomemainlyfromaboutadozencompanieswithfactoriesinJapan，SouthKoreaand，plasmapanelswillbeshippedthisyeararoundtheworld，analystssay．ThatisatinyamountcomparedwiththeoverallmarketforTVs，whichwas about 140 millionsets last year．But，industryexperts 2003wouldbea“breakoutyear”orplasmabecauseshipmentsshoulddouble．Helpingdrivethegrowthareneworexpandedmanufacturingfacilities．Forexample，JapaneseelectronicsgiantNEClastyeardoubledthecapacityofitsJapanesefactory—reaching300，000to400，000plasmaitplanstodoubleitagaininsnhasheatedupduringetfouryearpriceshavefallenen50perceng“DceepriceofaplasmadisplaydneSdroppedfromS＄12700in1999toUS＄6，100inOctober2002．ThebestmarketsforplasmascreenshavebeeninAsia，andabouthalfofthesetshavegonetobusinessesinsteadofhomes．LCDTVscarryapremiumprice—theycanbe10timesasexpensiveasacomparabletube-driventelevision—thatknocksthemoutofmostbuyers’budgets．ButLCDpanelsarequicklytaking overthe marketforcomputermonitors，andthetensofmillionsofpanelsbeingproducedforthatsegmentwillhelppushdownpricesforLCDTVs，analystspredicted．SharpElectronics，forone，isbettingheavilyonLCDs．Itschairman，ToshiakiUrushisako，haspredictedthatSharpwillswitchcompletelyfromconventionaltubesetstoLCDTVsinJapanby2005．Flat-panelreferstoinchesorflat-screenmayactuallydescribetraditionalcathode-ray-tubeglassfrontlacksthedistortingcurvethatTVshavehadfor50Be awareof twothings：One，flat-paneltechnologymaynot behigh-definitioneventualHDTVofthesesetswillrequireaseparateHDflat-panelTVsarejustthepanelandlackspeakersandsometimesabuilt-intuner．Pricerange：US＄700－2，000LCDvsplasmaIngeneral，LCDtechnologyisusedforsmallerscreensbecauseoftheenormousnumberoftransistorsneededtoturntheglasslikeliquidcrystalsintocolorimages．Thelargerthedisplay，themoretransistors，themorechanceoffailedconnections．AplasmascreenisfoundinTVsetslargerthan20inches．ColoriscomparabletoanLCD's．LCDsdonotdeteriorateovertime，whileaplasmadisplayaveragestraditionalTVscreencangofor2，00，rhtfadesoveraperiodofyears．rproblemswiththequalityofplasma'scontrasthavebeenaddressed，andcurrentscreensarecleanerandbetterdefined．Pricerange：US＄600－2，800HDTVypuhigdefinitionVs10sspslthesoundisdigital，likeCDsound，notFMiswhattraditionalTVprovides．HDtechnologyachievesitsvisualclaritywithmoreimmagelinesontheanalogTVshave480horizontalHDTVhas720orawareanyHDTVsetsbeingsoldnowareinfactonlyHDTVmonitors，offeringacrisppicture．Toreceivegenuinehigh-definitiontelevisionsignals，ownersmustbuyaseparateHDTVreceiver．Pricerange：US＄1，000－6，000LOSANGELESTIMESAccordingtothearticle，TVsetswith willstillbethemostpopularinthecomingyears．Thefactorsthatstimulatethethinscreenstobemoreandmorepopularinclude ，and ．TherapidlyexpandingmarketforLCDpanelsandtheirlarge productionwillhelplower ．WhenawealthycustomerwantstobuyaverylargeTV，heshouldselect and accordingtothepassage．WecaninferfromthepassagethatamongallkindsofTVsets isofthebestquality．Questions86to90arebasedonthefollowingpassage：DellDoesDominationOvertheyearsI'vespentafairamountoftimehangingoutwithMichaelDell，andwhatInoticedduringmylatestvisitwithhiminAustinishowthingshaveisstillgreetsmeinhisnewglossyofficeswiththesameStamfordWife -likegrinhehasalwayshad．Butheappearsthinnernow，asifhe'slostbabyfat．Whilehe'sstillslow-moving，asifhe'sconservingenergy，henowcutstothequickinconversation．Andwhenhezeroesinonthepointhewantstomake，whenhereiterateswhyDellComputerisinabetterpositionthananyotherPCmakerintherealizethatthe36-year-oldhaslostwhatwasonceoneofhisgreatestadvantages：nooneunderestimateateshimanymore．DellloomsoverthePClandscapelikeaashadowoverallhisunfortunatecompetitors．Thisisaterribletimeinadifficultbusiness．PCsalesweredownforthefirsttimelastyear．Dell'ssaleswillbeforthefirstevenwithwithrecession，evenwiththethreatofaHewlett-Packard／CompaqGoliath，thisistheonlyPCmakeryoucancountontogrowandgrowandgrow．Almostsingle-handedly，Dellisforcingthisindustrytoeds“gameoveneCbieove？”hesbackteoeonlyhave1％globalte”TheDellitesmaynotadmitto“gameover”aspirations，butclearlytheyarethinkingofakindofdominationneverseenbeforeamongPC“ek4％tespossible”sso．，KevinaremarkablemoreremarkableisthatitreallyislookforDelltohitthatkindofnumberanytimeesgrowthlefromgrindingoutgainsonseveralexistingshrewdlyexpandingintonewtargetThereasonisnobetterwaytodeliverPCsthanthewayDelldoesit，andnobodyexecutesthatmodelbetterthanDell．BynowmostbusinesspeoplecanrecitethebasictenetsofDell'sdirect-salesmodel．Dellmachinesaremadetoorderanddelivereddirectlytothecustomer．Thereisnomiddleman．Thecustomergetstheexact machine he wants cheaper than he can get it from theneygetspaidbyersbeforetpaysallcompanythatfamouslystartedinAustinoutofaUniversityofTexasdormroomnowdominatesthenorthernsideofthiscitythewaygiantsteelworksoncelordedoveroldmilltowns．Dellhassome24facilitiesinandnearAustinandemploysmorethan18，000lsldidover30billionnsn200ranking48thontheFORTUNE500，aheadofnameslikeWaltDisney，andDuPont．Michaelistherichestmanunder40intheworld，worth＄16billion．TwofactsshowhowwelltheDellmodelisintoughtimes：Dellisontracktoearnover ＄1.7billionin2001，takingalmosteverysingledollarofprofitamongmakersofDellisgainingmarketshare．That'snottrueforanyothermajorPCmaker．Quitethecontrary．TheothersaregoingsplatforthesamereasonthatDellissucceeding：commoditization．ThedesktopPChasbecomeacommodity．That's great for consumers，who get standardized，easy-to-use，cheapPCs．Commoditizationhasbeengoingonintheindustryforyears ．Dell，asmasterofthedirectmodel，spentmostofthe1990soperatinginPCmarketwasgrowingby15％-pluspersquarterdy200ldidarecord68billionn，up31％fromthepreviousyear'squarter．Inasignofthingstocome，salesgrowthslowedlaterinthegrowthdisappearedinTheeconomicslowdownwasbadnewsforeveryone，butMichaelDellandKevinRollins，whoisincreasinglyhisequalpartnerinrunningthisbusiness，madesureitwasterriblenewsforDell'scompetitors．Inlate2000theydecidedohprice“Itssforu，becauseinperiodsofslowdemandcomponentpricesunlikeourenpassesonyo”explainsRollins，afineviolinistwhogrewupinahard -chargingUtahfamily—hisfatherwasanengineeringprofessoratBrighamYoung—andcametoDellfromtheBainconsultingfirm．Dellcouldmakemoremoneysellingmorecomputersatlowerpricesthanitcouldsellingfewercomputers at higher prices．The low prices wreaked havoc Gatewayalllostmarketshareforthe12monthsthatendedDell'sshareoftheclimbed31％． wasonceoneofDell'sgreatest87．ThepassageattributesthesuccessofDellto WhydidDell'sshareoftheU.S．marketclimb31％in2001whiletheeconomysloweddown？Dellhopestoincreaseitsglobalmarketshareby accordingthepassage．Ifonesobuyalodoyoukhessupposedtopay？PartVWordGuessingandIQminutes，10points）SectionA Wordpoints）Inthewesterncountries，apersonwhoservestheguestsinarestaurantexpectsagratuityinappreciationforgoodA．goodremark B．letterofthanks C．tip D．promotionInGreekmythology，theherousuallyfindshimselfinaterriblepredicamentinwhichhehastofaceafatewhichhasbeenforetoldbytheOracleatDelphi．A．strangephenomenon