SAT考試常見形近詞辨析

SAT考試常見形近詞辨析1.aversevs.adverse

averse:notlikingsth;opposedtosth不喜愛某事物;反對某事物

E.g.Heseemstobeaversetohardwork.

adverse:notfavorable;contrary;hostile敵對的，反對的，不利的

E.g.Hishealthwasadverselyaffectedbytheclimate.

2.adversityvs.adversary

adversity:trouble;unfortunateevent不幸，災禍

E.g.Maryfacesadversitywithcourage.

adversary:opponent;enemy對手，敵人

E.g.Hedefeatedhisoldadversaryintheelection.

第1、2組詞是常常被混淆的四個單詞，兩兩組合進行對比，會給把握單詞帶來更高的精準度。

3.antipathyvs.apathy

antipathy:strongordeepdislike反感;厭惡;憎惡

E.g.Heshowedamarkedantipathytoforeigners.

apathy:lackofinterest;indifference缺乏愛好;漠不關懷

E.g.Myparentsdonotfeelapathyabouttheelection.

這一組詞大家可以用詞根詞綴發(fā)來區(qū)分，path-作為詞根是"情感'的意思，anti-作為前綴是"相反，對抗'，而a-是"不、無、非'的意思，相關單詞有sympathy,empathy等。

4.derivevs.deride

derive:originatefromsth;getsthfromsth源自，源于;得到獵取

E.g.ThousandsofEnglishwordsderivefromLatin.

deride:mocksb/sth稱贊，嘲弄

E.g.Theyderidedhiseffortaschildish.

derisive這個單詞消失在閱讀中常常被當做是derive的形容詞性理解，其實是deride的形容詞，意思為"稱贊的，嘲弄的'，例如derisivelaughter。

5.exhaustedvs.exhaustive

exhausted:verytired精疲力盡的

E.g.Afteraten-milehike,everybodyisexhausted.

exhaustive:verythorough;complete詳盡的;徹底的

E.g.Policemakeanexhaustiveresearch.

6.imprudentvs.impudent

imprudent:notwiseordiscreet不智的;不謹慎的;輕率的

E.g.Itwouldbeimprudent(ofyou)toresignfromyourpresentjobbeforeyouareofferedanother.

impudent:veryrudeanddisrespectful粗魯的;放縱的;無禮的;不敬重的

E.g.Tomisanimpudentchildwhoneverlistenstohisparents.

在記這組詞之前，最好先記住prudent這個單詞，它本身就是"謹慎的，審慎的'意思，在其加上im-這個表否定含義的前綴，意思就很簡單得出了。

7.callowvs.callous

callow:immatureandinexperienced既不成熟又無閱歷的;乳臭未乾的`

callous:cruellyinsensitiveorunsympathetic冷酷無情的;無憐憫心的

8.congenialvs.congenital

congenial:(ofpeople)pleasingbecauseofsimilaritiesintemperament,interests,etc;agreeable(指人)(因性情、志趣等相近)彼此合得來的，意氣相投的;適合自己性格的

E.g.Ifindthisaspectofmyjobparticularlycongenial.

congenital:(ofdiseases,etc)presentfromorbeforebirth(指疾病等)天生的，先天的

E.g.Weshouldnotderidepeoplewhohavecongenitaldefects.

9.elligible

intelligent:smart,educated聰慧的，智能的，智力的

intelligible:thatcanbe(easily)understood可(易)理解的

E.g.Thatstotallyamuddledexplanationwhichwasscarcelyintelligible.

10.impassivevs.impassioned

impassive:showingnosignoffeeling無表情的，無動于衷的

E.g.Theaccusedsatimpassivelyasthejudgesentencedhimtotenyearsinprison.

impassioned:showingstrongdeepfeeling布滿激情的;熱鬧的

E.g.Hemadeanimpassionedpleaformercy.

同第3組詞相像的地方是這一組詞里面含有pass-表"情感'含義的詞根，im-表"不無、非'，所以impassive就是"無表情的，無動于衷的'意思。而后者中含有的"passion'其本身就是"激情，熱忱'的意思。

11.adaptvs.adept

adapt:makesthsuitableforanewuse,situation,etc;modifysth使某事物適合於新的用途﹑狀況等;修改某事物

E.g.Thesestylescanbeadaptedtosuitindividualtastes.

adept:expertorskilfulin(doing)sth對(做)某事物內行的，嫻熟的

E.g.Shesadeptatgrowingroses.

這一組詞中adapt也常常簡單與adopt混淆，adopt意思為"接受，收養(yǎng)'。

12.indigentvs.indigenous

indigent:poor貧困

indigenous:native土生土長的，當地的

E.g.KangaroosareindigenoustoAustralia.

13.presumptivevs.presumptuous

presumptive:basedonreasonablebelief;probable基于合理之推想的;可能的

E.g.Itisabsurdthathewassentencedtodeathbasedonpresumptiveevidence.

presumptuous:tooboldorself-confident膽大妄為的，專橫的

E.g.Woulditbepresumptuousofmetoaskyoutocontribute?

14.ingeniousvs.ingenuous

ingenious:(ofaperson)cleveratfindingneworsimplesolutionsforcomplexproblems;originalindesign(指人)擅長用新的或簡潔的方法解決簡單問題的;設計獨特精致的

E.g.Soyoufittedthatwirethroughthatlittleholethere:thatsveryingenious!

ingenuous:open,innocent坦率的，不隱瞞的，天真的

E.g.Thatkidgivesmeaningenuoussmile.

這一組詞，可以利用另外兩個單詞關心記憶：genius和genuine。前者意思為"天才'后者意思為"真的，真誠的，非人造的'。ingenious從發(fā)音和詞形上與genius相近，而ingenuous和genuine相近。

15.discreetvs.discrete

discreet:carefulorshowinggoodjudgmentinwhatonesaysordoes;n