2023年考研考博-考博英語-西安電子科技大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題薈萃帶答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語-西安電子科技大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題薈萃帶答案第1卷一.綜合題(共25題)1.單選題

Ironically,racialdiscrimination,whichis____withdemocraticprinciples,hasexistedinAmerica,“thegreatestdemocracyintheworld”.問題1選項(xiàng)A.incompatibleB.unanimousC.disagreeableD.contrary2.翻譯題Thisreduction(減化)ofBooleanexpressions(布爾表達(dá)式)eliminates(去掉)unnecessarygates(門電路),therebysavingcost,spaceandweight.3.單選題

Ifyougototheparkearlyinthemorning,you’ll____findMr.SmithdoingTaijiquan(traditionalChineseshadowboxing)there.問題1選項(xiàng)A.invariablyB.invalidlyC.innovativelyD.instantaneously4.單選題Eachboyandeachgirl____orderedtoleavetheclassroom.問題1選項(xiàng)A.wasB.wereC.hasD.have5.單選題Dirtybuses,theirpassengerspaleandtired,jamthecrowdedstreets.Driversshoutatoneanother,hornsmakinggreatnoisealloverthestreets.ThesceneisAthensatrushhours.TheancientGreekcityisinasorrystateofaffairs.EvenAthens’ruinsareinruin:sulfurdioxide(二氧化硫)iseatingawaytreasuresontheAcropolis.Sogreathasbeenthepollutionflowtowardthecitythatentirevillagesstandvacantornearlyso.Themigrant(移居者)comeforthefew,availablejobs,whichareusuallynobetterthantheonestheyfled.Atthecurrentrateofmigration,Athensbytheyear2000willhaveapopulationof6.5million,morethanhalfthenation.Asidefromovercrowdingandpoorpublictransport,thebiggestproblemsarenoiseandpollution.AgovernmentstudyconcludethatAthensisthenoisiestcityintheworld.Smogisatkillinglevels:uptofourtimestheWorldHealthOrganizationconsiderssafe.Nearlyhalfthepollutioncomesfromcars.Despitehighpricesforvehiclesandfuel,nearly100,000automobilessoldinGreeceeachyear.Afterdecadesofneglect,Athensisatlastgettingsomeattention.InMarchacommitteeofrepresentativesmettodiscussaplantounclogthecityandcleanuptheenvironment.Asave-Athensorganization,whichwillsoonbeginfunctioning,willproposeheavytaxestodiscouragemigration.Amasterplanthatwillmovemanygovernmentofficestothesuburbsisalreadyintheworks.Meanwhile,moreGreekskeepmovingintoAthens.Withfewparksandpreciousfewoxygen-producingplants,thecitizensarefindingitmoredifficulttobreathe.1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthordescribesasceneofAthensatrushhoursto____.2.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,theincreasedpopulationofAthensismainlydueto____.3.Thephrase“unclogthecity”(Para4)mostprobablymeans____.4.ThemajormeasuresuggestedbytheSave-Athensorganizationisto____.5.Thebesttitleforthispassagecanbe____.問題1選項(xiàng)A.showtheterriblestateofaffairsinthecityB.giveanexampleofthepoorpublictransportinAthensC.showvividlythebusylifeofpeopleinAthensD.expresshissorrowovertheruinoftheancientcity問題2選項(xiàng)A.thelargenumberofjobseekersfromothercitiesB.thetouristsvisitingthefamousancientcityC.themigrationofpeoplefromthecountrysideD.thelackofbirthcontrolfromthegovernment問題3選項(xiàng)A.reducethecitynoiseB.makethecitylesspollutedC.rebuildtheoldcityD.makethecitylesscrowded問題4選項(xiàng)A.buildmoreparkstoleavemoreroomforthemigrantsB.makeitmoredifficultforpeopletomoveintothecityC.encouragepeopletofindtheirjobsinthesuburbsD.cleanupthecitybyplantingmoretreesalongthestreets問題5選項(xiàng)A.Athens:aDyingCityB.Athens:Past,PresentandFutureC.SaveAthens’TreasuresD.StoppollutingAthens6.單選題Inourculture,thesourcesofwhatwecallasenseof“mastery”—feelingimportantandworthwhileandthesourcesofwhatwecallasenseof“pleasure”findinglifeenjoyable—arenotalwaystheidentical.Womenoftenaretold“Youcan’thaveitall.”Sometimeswhatthespeakerreallyissayingis:“Youchoseacareer,soyoucan’texpecttohavecloserrelationshipsorahappyfamilylife.”or“Youhaveawonderfulhusbandandchildren—What’sallthisaboutwantingacareer?”Butwomenneedtounderstandanddevelopbothaspectsofwell-being,iftheyaretofeelgoodaboutthemselves.Ourstudyshowsthat,forwomen,well-beinghastwodimensions.Oneismastery,whichincludesself-esteem,asenseofcontroloveryourlife,andlowlevelsofanxietyanddepression.Masteryiscloselyrelatedtothe“doing”sideoflife,toworkandactivity.Pleasureistheotherdimensions,anditiscomposedofhappiness,satisfactionandoptimism.Itistiedmorecloselytothe“feeling”sideoflife.Thetwoareindependentofeachother.Awomanwhohasagoodjob,butwhosemotherhasjustdied,mightbefeelingverygoodaboutherselfandincontrolofherworklife,butthepleasuresidecouldbedamagedforatime.Theconceptsofmasteryandpleasurecanhelpusidentifythesourcesofwell-beingforwomen,andremedypastmistakes.Inthepast,womenwereencouragedtolookonlyatthefeelingsideoflifeasthesourceofallwell-being.Butweknowthatbothmasteryandpleasurearecritical.Andmasteryseemstobeachievedlargelythroughwork.Inourstudy,allthegroupsofemployedwomenratedsignificantlyhigherinmasterythandidwomenwhowerenotemployed.Awoman’swell-beingisenhancedwhenshetakesonmultipleroles.Atleastbymiddleadulthood,thewomenwhowereinvolvedinacombinationofroles—marriages,motherhood,andemployment—werethehighestinwell-being,despitewarningsaboutstressandstrain.1.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat____.2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardswomenhavingacareeris____.3.Onecanconcludefromthepassagethatifawomantakesonseveralsocialroles,____.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeidentifiedasasourceof“pleasure”forwomen?5.Themostappropriatetitleforthepassagewouldbe____.問題1選項(xiàng)A.forwomen,asenseof“mastery”ismoreimportantthanasenseof“pleasure”B.forwomen,asenseof“pleasure”ismoreimportantthanasenseof“mastery”C.womencan’thaveasenseof“mastery”andasenseof“pleasure”atthesametimeD.asenseof“mastery”andasenseof“pleasure”arebothindispensabletowomen問題2選項(xiàng)A.criticalB.positiveC.neutralD.realistic問題3選項(xiàng)A.itwillbeeasierforhertoovercomestressandstrainB.shewillbemoresuccessfulinhercareerC.herchancesofgettingpromotedwillbegreaterD.herlifewillbericherandmoremeaningful問題4選項(xiàng)A.Familylife.B.Regularemployment.C.Multiplerolesinsociety.D.Freedomfromanxiety.問題5選項(xiàng)A.Thewell-beingofCareerWomenB.SourcesofMasteryandPleasureC.TwoAspectsofWomen’sWell-beingD.MultipleRolesofWomeninSociety7.單選題Riversareoften____bywastefromfactories.問題1選項(xiàng)A.contemnedB.defiledC.intrudedD.exposed8.單選題Manyoftheformerassociates____himwhenitbecameknownhowhehadabusedhispositionoftrust.問題1選項(xiàng)A.turnedagainstB.heldupC.convincedofD.wenton9.單選題Asoneoftheyoungestprofessorsintheuniversity,Mr.Browniscertainlyonthe____ofabrilliantcareer.問題1選項(xiàng)A.porchB.edgeC.courseD.threshold10.翻譯題1.NewtonNewtonusedhisgreatskillinmathematicstoformabetterunderstandingoftheworldandtheuniverse.Heusedmethodshehadlearnedasaboyinmakingthings.Heexperimented.Thenhestudiedtheresultsandusedwhathehadlearnedtodesignnewexperiments.Newton’sworkledhimtocreateanewtechniqueinmathematicsformeasuringareascurvedinshape.Healsousedittofindhowmuchmaterialwascontainedinsolidobjects.Thetechniquehecreatedbecameknownasintegralcalculus.Oneday,sittinginthegarden,hewatchedanapplefallfromatree.HebegantowonderifthesameforcethatpulledtheappledownalsokeptthemooncirclingtheEarth.Newtonbelieveditwas.Andhebelieveditcouldbemeasured.Hecalledtheforcegravity.Hebegantoexamineitcarefully.Hedecidedthatthestrengthoftheforcekeepingaplanetinorbitaroundthesundependedontwothings.Onewastheamountofmassintheplanetandthesun.Theotherwashowfaraparttheywere.Newtonwasabletofindtheexactrelationshipbetweendistanceandgravity.Hemultipliedthemassofonespacebodybythemassoftheothers.Thenhedividedthatnumberbythesquareoftheirdistanceapart.Theresultwasthestrengthofthegravityforcethattiedthemtoeachother.2.Hubble’sLawInthelate1920s,Hubblestudiedthemovementofgalaxiesthroughspace.Hisinvestigationledtothemostimportantastronomicaldiscoveryofthe20thcentury—theexpandinguniverse.EarlierobservationsaboutthemovementofgalaxieshadbeendonebyV.M.Silpher.HediscoveredthatgalaxiesaremovingawayfromEarthatspeedsbetweenthree-hundredkilometersasecondandone-thousandeight-hundredkilometersasecond.HubbleunderstoodtheimportanceofSilpher’sfindings.Hedevelopedaplanformeasuringboththedistanceandspeedofasmanygalaxiesaspossible.WithhisassistantatMountWilson,MiltonHumason,Hubblemeasuredthemovementofgalaxies.ThetwomendidthisbystudyingwhatHubblecalledthe“redshit”.ItalsoisknownastheDopplereffect.TheDopplereffectexplainschangesinthelengthoflightwavesorsoundwavesastheymovetowardyouorawayfromyou.Lightwavesfromanobjectspeedingawayfromyouwillstretchintolongerwavelengths.Theyappearred.Lightwavesfromanobjectspeedingtowardyouwillhaveshorterwavelengths.Theyappearblue.Observationsofforty-sixgalaxiesshowedHubblethatthegalaxiesweretravelingawayfromEarth.Theobservationsalsoshowedthatspeedwaslinkeddirectlytothegalaxies’distancefromEarth.Hubblediscoveredthatthefartherawayagalaxyis,thegreateritsspeed.ThisscientificruleiscalledHubble’sLaw.3.DreamMenandwomeninancienttimesoftenbelievedthatspiritsvisitedthemintheirdreams.Thespiritsbroughtmessagesofhopeordanger.AncientAssyrians(亞述人),Egyptians,Greeks,and,Romansallturnedtodreamsforsupernaturalanswerstotheirquestions.Theybelieveddreamscouldshowthefuture,warnofevil,bringhappiness.Priests(僧侶)andmedicinemenstudieddreamstolearnthecauseandcureofsicknesses.Theybuilttemplesandmadesacrificessotheirgodswouldspeaktothemthroughdreams.TheancientGreeks,specially,sawdreamsashiddenmessagesfromthegods.However,oneGreekphilosopher,Aristotle,didnot.Hebelievedthegodswouldspeakonlytoafewspecialpeople,noteveryone.Andeveryonehaddreams.Almosttwo-thousand-four-hundredyearsago,anotherGreek—Hippocrates—wroteaboutdreams.Hippocratesisconsideredthefatherofmedicine.Hippocratesbelieveddreamscouldbeusedastoolsforlearningthenatureofaperson’ssickness.Forexample,supposeapersondreamedaboutafruittreethatwouldnotgrow.Suchadream,Hippocratessaidcouldmeanthatthepersonhadadiseaseofthereproductivesystem(再生系統(tǒng)).Somehistoriansthinkthedreamsofancientpeoplesledtothedevelopmentofreligion.Thisincludesthebeliefinthesurvivalofthespiritafterdeath.11.單選題Shedecidedto____inthehistorycourseatthelocaleveningschool.問題1選項(xiàng)A.enterB.enrollC.attendD.register12.翻譯題這是一只如此靈敏的（sensitive）安培表（ammeter）以至于它能測出電流的微弱變化。13.單選題Pennyhaddroppedthelargetowel,whichwasflungaroundhershoulders,andwasrunningintothesea.“Comeon,”shesaid.“I’llraceyou.”Nicholastookoffhisbeach-wrapandfollowedherintothewater.Itwaschillyenoughtomakehimgaspbuthesteepedinbravely,andcontinueduntilhewasuptohiswaistandthendived,comingupclosetoherside.Thenhesetoffatasteadyrhythmiccrawlfortheboat,aboutfiftyyardsaway.“Hi!”shoutedPenny,chasingafterhim.“Ithoughtyoucouldn’tswim!”“Ineversaidso.”Nicholascalledbackandhewentfaster,findingtohisjoythathisinjuredhandsweremovingeasilyinthewater.Theearlymorningsunshonewarmlyonhiswetheadandtheseasparkled.Hereachedtheboatalittlebreathless,buthappierthanhehadeverbeensincethenightofthecrash.Heknewheswamwell.Hehadbeentaughtbyaprofessionalteacherwhenhewasonlysevenandsincethenhehadbathedinmostoftheoceansoftheworld.Itwastheonlysportallowedtohimandhehadmadethemostofit.Pennypulledherselfupintotheboatandsatbesidehim,laughing.“Youlittlemonkey!”shesaid.“AndtherewasmesayingI’dteachyoutoswim.”“Itwasverykindofyou,”saidNicholassedately,buthiseyessmiled.“You’llhavetogoinfortheracesinAugust,”shetoldhim.“You’llbeatanyonewe’vegothere!”“Oh,Idon’tthinkI’dbeallowed,”beganNicholas,butPennybrokein,“Whyonearthnot?Don’tforgetyou’reNickyFieldnow,notanyonespecial.Whyshouldn’tyougoinforracesifyouwantto?”Notanyonespecial!NicholasWakefieldturnedthisoverinhismind.Didhelikeitordidn’the?Foraslongashecouldrememberhehadbeensomeoneveryspecialindeed.Thegreatestpeopleintheworldofmusichadwatchedhimatthepiano,andwhereverhewenthehadtobeprotectedfrompressmenandphotographers.IntelevisionstudiosallovertheworldhehadreceivedVIPtreatment.Butnow,justforafewweekshewasnotspecialatall,andonlygoodatswimming.Hewasgoingtolikeit!Somehowitallseemedawonderfuljoke.1.ToenterthewaterNicholas____.2.Whydidhefeelsatisfied?3.Whenhereachedtheboathefelt____.4.PennycalledNicholasa“l(fā)ittlemonkey”because____.5.WhatdidNicholasWakefieldfindfunny?問題1選項(xiàng)A.divedinheadfirstB.jumpedinuptohiswaistC.crawledintothewaterD.walkedingradually問題2選項(xiàng)A.He’ddonereallyfastforthecrawl.B.Hefelthe’dimpressedhisgirlfriend.C.He’ddoneexactlywhathe’dbeentaught.D.Hefoundhishandsweren’tstiffanymore.問題3選項(xiàng)A.alittlebittiredB.shortofbreathC.painfulinhishandsD.proudofwinningtherace問題4選項(xiàng)A.hehadplayedtricksonherinthewaterB.hehadletherthinkhecouldn’tswimC.hehaddivedinandchasedherD.hehadpretendedhedidn’tlikeswimming問題5選項(xiàng)A.TheTVmenandphotographershadn’tbeenabletofindhim.B.Penny’swayofgettingintotheboat.C.HewasgoingtogiveconcertsforafewweeksunderthenameofNickyField.D.Hewasjustgoingtobeanordinarypersonforafewweeks.14.翻譯題Theatomicnumber(原子序數(shù))isequaltothenumberofelectronsperatomor,whatisequivalent,thenumberofprotons(質(zhì)子)pernucleus.15.單選題WhenA.PhilipRandolphassumedtheleadershipoftheBrotherhoodofSleepingCarPorters,hebeganaten-yearbattletowinrecognitionfromthePullmanCompany,thelargestprivateemployerofBlackpeopleintheUnitedStatesandthecompanythatcontrolledtherailroadindustry’ssleepingcarandparlorservice.In1935theBrotherhoodbecamethefirstBlackunionrecognizedbyamajorcorporation.Randolph’seffortsinthebattlehelpedtransformtheattitudeofBlackworkerstowardunionsandtowardthemselvesasanidentifiablegroup;eventually,Randolphhelpedtoweakenorganizedlabor’santagonismtowardBlackworkers.InthePullmancontestRandolphfacedformidableobstacles.ThefirstwasBlackworkers’understandableskepticismtowardunions,whichhadhistoricallybarredBlackworkersfrommembership.AnadditionalobstaclewastheunionthatPullmanitselfhadformed,whichweakenedsupportamongBlackworkersforanindependententity.TheBrotherhoodpossessedanumberofadvantages,however,includingRandolph’sowntacticalabilities.In1928hetooktheboldstepofthreateningastrikeagainstPullman.Suchathreat,onanationalscale,underBlackleadership,helpedreplacethestereotypeoftheBlackworkerasservantwiththeimageoftheBlackworkeraswageearner.Inaddition,theporters’veryisolationaidedtheBrotherhood.Porterswerescatteredthroughoutthecountry,sleepingindormitoriesinBlackcommunities;theirsegregatedlifeprotectedtheunion’internalcommunicationsfrominterception.Thattheporterswereahomogeneousgroupworkingforasingleemployerwithsinglelaborpolicy,thussharingthesamegrievancesfromcitytocity,alsostrengthenedtheBrotherhoodandencouragedracialidentityandsolidarityaswell.Butitwasonlyintheearly1930sthatfederallegislationprohibitingacompanyfrommaintainingitsownunionswithcompanymoneyeventuallyallowedtheBrotherhoodtobecomerecognizedastheporters’representative.Notcontentwiththistriumph,RandolphbroughttheBrotherhoodintotheAmericanFederationofLabor,whereitbecametheequaloftheFederation’s105otherunions.Hereasonedthatasamemberunion,theBrotherhoodwouldbeinabetterpositiontoexertpressureonmemberunionsthatpracticedracerestrictions.Suchrestrictionswereeventuallyfoundunconstitutionalin1944.1.Accordingtothepassage,by1935theskepticismofBlackworkerstowardunionswas____.2.Inusingtheword“understandable”(Para.2),theauthormostclearlyconveys____.3.ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingabouttheresponseofporterstothePullmanCompany’sownunion?4.ThepassagesuggeststhatifthegrievancesofportersinonepartoftheUnitedStateshadbeendifferentfromthoseofportersinanotherpartofthecountry,whichofthefollowingwouldhavebeenthecase?5.ThepassagesuppliesinformationconcerningwhichofthefollowingmattersrelatedtoRandolph?問題1選項(xiàng)A.unchangedexceptamongBlackemployeesofrailroad-relatedindustriesB.reinforcedbytheactionsofthePullmanCompany’sunionC.mitigatedbytheeffortsofRandolphD.weakenedbytheopeningupofmanyunionstoBlackworkers問題2選項(xiàng)A.sympathywithattemptsbytheBrotherhoodbetween1925and1935toestablishanindependentunionB.concernthattheobstaclesfacedbyRandolphbetween1925and1935wereindeedformidableC.ambivalenceaboutthesignificanceofunionstomostBlackworkersinthe1920sD.appreciationoftheattitudeofmanyBlackworkersinthe1920stowardunions問題3選項(xiàng)A.Fewporterseverjoinedthisunion.B.Someporterssupportedthisunionbefore1935.C.Porters,morethanotherPullmanemployees,enthusiasticallysupportedthisunion.D.Theporters’responsewasmostpositiveafter1935.問題4選項(xiàng)A.ItwouldhavebeenmoredifficultforthePullmanCompanytohavehadasinglelaborpolicy.B.ItwouldhavebeenmoredifficultfortheBrotherhoodtocontrolitschannelsofcommunication.C.ItwouldhavebeenmoredifficultfortheBrotherhoodtobuilditsmembership.D.ItwouldhavebeeneasierforthePullmanCompany’suniontoattractmembership.問題5選項(xiàng)A.ThestepshetooktoinitiatethefoundingoftheBrotherhood.B.HismotivationforbringingtheBrotherhoodintotheAmericanFederationofLabor.C.Theinfluencehehadonthepassageoflegislationoverturningracerestrictionsin1944.D.Theinfluencehehadonthepassageoflegislationtobarcompaniesfromfinancingtheirownunions.16.單選題Despitehis____planning,theexpositionturnedouttobeafailure.問題1選項(xiàng)A.exquisiteB.exhaustedC.elaborateD.insufficient17.單選題Peoplearecriticizingtheeconomicpoliciesthathave____thedeclineofmanufacturingindustry.問題1選項(xiàng)A.assessedB.acceptedC.accessedD.accelerated18.翻譯題晶體管（transistor）與電子管（electrontube）相比有好多優(yōu)點(diǎn)（advantage）。19.翻譯題眾所周知，技術(shù)革新的速度越來越快。未來社會(huì)的變革將超過以往任何時(shí)候。作為一個(gè)物種，我們?nèi)祟惸芊裨谖覀冏约喊l(fā)動(dòng)的這種變革中幸存下來呢？有大量的證據(jù)表明我們能。我們?nèi)祟愑芯薮蟮臐撃埽覀儾艅倓傞_始開發(fā)利用。例如，我們才剛剛開始控制環(huán)境。將來有一天，技術(shù)將使所有的沙漠鮮花盛開。這的確不難。要做到這一點(diǎn)，我們只需要降低海水淡化的成本。接下來的問題是，沙漠變成綠洲后，它們能為我們不斷增加的人口提供充足的糧食嗎？很可能。最近，我們已經(jīng)開始發(fā)現(xiàn)集約式沙漠農(nóng)業(yè)是可能的。我們已經(jīng)擁有的技術(shù)能將產(chǎn)量提高10倍，用水量減少到從前的1/20。我們知道如何創(chuàng)造農(nóng)業(yè)奇跡。我們需要時(shí)間和金錢以便使這項(xiàng)技術(shù)為人人所用。在19世紀(jì),人們信仰進(jìn)步。他們相信科學(xué)將帶領(lǐng)他們進(jìn)入一個(gè)無限繁榮無限幸福的新時(shí)代。然而，事情并沒有如他們所想象的那樣發(fā)展。兩次災(zāi)難性的世界大戰(zhàn)使人們確信了這一點(diǎn)。但是，我們?cè)谑麜r(shí)，在擔(dān)心科學(xué)是一頭將來某一天會(huì)毀滅我們的巨獸時(shí)，卻忘記了科學(xué)并不是巨獸,我們自己才是巨獸。科學(xué)只是一個(gè)仆人，像火一樣，如果使用得當(dāng)，它將是個(gè)好仆人。盡管現(xiàn)代世界存在著種種問題,大多數(shù)人都不會(huì)愿意生活在我們之前的任何一個(gè)科學(xué)欠發(fā)達(dá)的時(shí)代。如果我們不在戰(zhàn)爭中毀滅白己，未來只會(huì)更好。我們每年都將取得令人目不暇接的科學(xué)進(jìn)步：疾病得到根治，太空被征服，運(yùn)輸和通訊取得根本性的變革，農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)得到徹底改造等等。對(duì)一些人來說，未來聽起來令人興奮；而對(duì)另一些人來說,則令人恐怖。但有一點(diǎn)是肯定的：未來不會(huì)讓人感到乏味。?20.單選題

DuringJulyandAugusttherewasnorainforweeks____.問題1選項(xiàng)A.intheendB.attheendC.totheendD.onend21.單選題Inthe1920sdemandforAmericanfarmproductsfell,asEuropeancountriesbegantorecoverfromWorldWarIandinstitutedausterity(緊縮)programstoreducetheirimports.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.Thisperiodwasmoredisastrousforfarmersthanearliertimeshadbeen,becausefarmerswerenolongerself-sufficient.Theywerepayingformachinery,seed,andfertilizer,andtheywerealsobuyingconsumergoods.Thepricesoftheitemsfarmersboughtremainedconstant,whilepricestheyreceivedfortheirproductsfell.ThesedevelopmentsweremadeworsebytheGreatDepression,whichbeganin1929andextendedthroughoutthe1939s.In1929,underPresidentHerbertHoover,theFederalFarmBoardwasorganized.Itestablishedtheprincipleofdirectinterferencewithsupplyanddemand,anditrepresentedthefirstnationalcommitmenttoprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers.PresidentHoover’ssuccessorattachedevenmoreimportancetothisproblem.OneofthefirstmeasuresproposedbyPresidentFranklinD.Rooseveltwhenhetookofficein1933wastheAgriculturalAdjustmentAct,whichwassubsequentlypassedbyCongress.ThislawgavetheSecretaryofAgriculturethepowertoreduceproductionthroughvoluntaryagreementswithfarmerswhowerepaidtotaketheirlandoutofuse.Adeliberatescarcityoffarmproductswasplannedinanefforttoraiseprices.ThislawwasdeclaredunconstitutionalbytheSupremeCourtonthegroundsthatgeneraltaxeswerebeingcollectedtopayonespecialgroupofpeople.However,newlawswerepassedimmediatelythatachievedthesameresultofrestingsoilandprovidingflood-controlmeasures,butwhichwerebasedontheprincipleofsoilconservation.TheRooseveltAdministrationbelievedthatrebuildingthenation’ssoilwasinthenationalinterestandwasnotsimplyaplantohelpfarmersattheexpenseofothercitizens.Laterthegovernmentguaranteedloanstofarmerssothattheycouldbuyfarmmachinery,hybrid(雜交)grain,andfertilizers.1.WhatbroughtaboutthedeclineinthedemandforAmericanfarmproducts?2.ThechiefconcernoftheAmericangovernmentintheareaofagricultureinthe1920swas____.3.TheAgriculturalAdjustmentActencouragedAmericanfarmersto____.4.TheSupremeCourtrejectedtheAgriculturalAdjustmentActbecauseitbelievedthattheAct____.5.ItwasclaimedthatthenewlawspassedduringtheRooseveltAdministrationwereaimedat____.問題1選項(xiàng)A.TheimpactoftheGreatDepression.B.Theshrinkingofoverseasmarkets.C.ThedestructioncausedbytheFirstWorldWar.D.TheincreasedexportsofEuropeancountries.問題2選項(xiàng)A.toincreasefarmproductionB.toestablishagriculturallawsC.topreventfarmersfromgoingbankruptD.topromotethemechanizationofagriculture問題3選項(xiàng)A.reducetheirscaleofproductionB.makefulluseoftheirlandC.adjustthepricesoftheirfarmproductsD.beself-sufficientinagriculturalproduction問題4選項(xiàng)A.mightcausegreaterscarcityoffarmproductsB.didn’tgivetheSecretaryofAgricultureenoughpowerC.wouldbenefitneitherthegovernmentnorthefarmersD.benefitedonegroupofcitizensattheexpenseofothers問題5選項(xiàng)A.reducingthecostoffarmingB.conservingsoilinthelong-terminterestofthenationC.loweringtheburdenoffarmersD.helpingfarmerswithoutshiftingtheburdenontoothertaxpayers22.單選題Underthepresentsystem,stateenterprisesmust____allprofitstothegovernment.問題1選項(xiàng)A.turndownB.turnupC.turnoutD.turnin23.單選題Anenquiringmindcancatch____toanewideaquickly.問題1選項(xiàng)A.onB.uрC.atD.out24.單選題Thefallinthenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseaseisgenerally____improvementsindiet.問題1選項(xiàng)A.attributedtoB.adjustedtoC.adaptedtoD.accustomedto25.翻譯題世界上一些國家發(fā)生問題，從根本上來說，都是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)上不去，沒有飯吃，沒有衣穿，沒有房住，工資增長被通貨膨脹抵消。第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】A【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】A.incompatible（與某事物）不一致，不相配B.unanimous（決定或意見）一致的，一致同意的C.disagreeable不合意的；令人不快的D.contrary相對(duì)立的；相反的【答案】A【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配?！窘忸}思路】固定搭配：incompatiblewith表示“格格不入的；矛盾的；互斥的”，由句意“具有諷刺意味的是，在‘世界上最偉大的民主國家’美國，卻存在著與民主原則……種族歧視?！笨芍?，該搭配符合句意。句意為：具有諷刺意味的是，在“世界上最偉大的民主國家”美國，卻存在著與民主原則格格不入的種族歧視。因此選A。【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B選項(xiàng)unanimous“（決定或意見）一致的，一致同意的”，與句意相反，不符合語境；C選項(xiàng)disagreeable“不合意的；令人不快的”，不符合語境；D選項(xiàng)contrary“相對(duì)立的；相反的”，與to搭配不與with搭配?！揪湟狻烤哂兄S刺意味的是，在“世界上最偉大的民主國家”美國，卻存在著與民主原則格格不入的種族歧視。2.【答案】布爾表達(dá)式的化簡是去掉了不必要的邏輯門電路，從而節(jié)省成本、空間和重量。3.【答案】A【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】A.invariably始終如一地；一貫地B.invalidly無價(jià)值地；無用地C.innovatively獨(dú)創(chuàng)性地D.instantaneously瞬間地；稍縱即逝地【答案】A【考查點(diǎn)】副詞辨析?！窘忸}思路】句意：如果你一大早去公園，你會(huì)……發(fā)現(xiàn)史密斯先生在那里打太極拳。根據(jù)邏輯，應(yīng)該是會(huì)總是看到他在公園打太極拳。因此選A選項(xiàng)invariably“始終如一地；一貫地”。invariably相當(dāng)于always，可引申為“總是”的意思。【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)的邏輯關(guān)系?！揪湟狻咳绻阋淮笤缛ス珗@，你總會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)史密斯先生在那里打太極拳。4.【答案】A【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】A.wasB.wereC.hasD.have【答案】A【考查點(diǎn)】each用法和被動(dòng)語態(tài)?！窘忸}思路】句子的主語是boyandgirl，因此他們應(yīng)該是被要求離開教室，因此用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，排除C和D選項(xiàng)；當(dāng)and連接的兩個(gè)并列主語前有each修飾時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，因此排除B選項(xiàng)，選A。【干擾項(xiàng)排除】根據(jù)解題思路B、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合語法結(jié)構(gòu)?！揪湟狻棵總€(gè)男生和女生都被要求離開教室。5.【答案】第1題:A第2題:A第3題:D第4題:B第5題:A【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】Inthefirstparagraph,theauthordescribesasceneofAthensatrushhoursto____.在第一段中，作者描述了雅典在交通高峰期的場景，以此來____。A.showtheterriblestateofaffairsinthecityA.展示城市的可怕狀況B.giveanexampleofthepoorpublictransportinAthensB.舉例說明雅典糟糕的公共交通C.showvividlythebusylifeofpeopleinAthensC.展示雅典人忙碌的生活D.expresshissorrowovertheruinoftheancientcityD.表達(dá)他對(duì)這座古城的毀滅的悲痛【答案】A【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。【解題思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞Paragraph1與題干信息可定位到第一段“這座古希臘城市正處于糟糕的狀態(tài)。（TheancientGreekcityisinasorrystateofaffairs.）”通過第一段雅典糟糕的交通狀況和污染可推斷作者描述雅典在交通高峰期的場景是為了說明這座城市處于糟糕的狀況。因此選A?！靖蓴_項(xiàng)排除】B選項(xiàng)“舉例說明雅典糟糕的公共交通”，作者并不只是描述公共交通，該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全；C選項(xiàng)“展示雅典人忙碌的生活”，文中沒有體現(xiàn)雅典人忙碌的生活，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；D選項(xiàng)“表達(dá)他對(duì)這座古城的毀滅的悲痛”，文中只是提到“即使希臘廢墟在毀滅”但是并未說這座古城已經(jīng)毀滅，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷。2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】Accordingtothesecondparagraph,theincreasedpopulationofAthensismainlydueto____.根據(jù)第二段，雅典人口增長的主要原因是____。A.thelargenumberofjobseekersfromothercitiesA.來自其他城市的大量的求職者B.thetouristsvisitingthefamousancientcityB.參觀這座著名古城的游客C.themigrationofpeoplefromthecountrysideC.農(nóng)村人口的遷移D.thelackofbirthcontrolfromthegovernmentD.政府缺乏生育控制【答案】A【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題?！窘忸}思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞Paragraph2與題干信息可定位到第二段第二句“移民者來這里是為了獲得為數(shù)不多的、可獲得的工作（Themigrantcomeforthefew,availablejobs），這些工作通常比他們逃離的工作好不了多少。”以及最后一句“按照目前的移民速度，到2000年，雅典的人口將達(dá)到650萬，超過全國人口的一半?！庇纱丝赏茢?，這些移民者是來自其他城市，由于有大量的移民者導(dǎo)致雅典人口增多，甚至超過全國人口的一半。所以雅典人口增多的主要原因是來自其他城市的移民者。因此選A?！靖蓴_項(xiàng)排除】B選項(xiàng)“參觀這座著名古城的游客”，文中沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；C選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)村人口的遷移”，文中提到“大量的污染流向城市，整個(gè)村莊都空無一人，或者幾乎是這樣?！钡寝r(nóng)村人口的遷移并不會(huì)導(dǎo)致雅典人口多到超過全國人口的一半，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷；D選項(xiàng)“政府缺乏生育控制”，文中沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】Thephrase“unclogthecity”(Para4)mostprobablymeans____.短語“unclogthecity”（第4段）的意思最可能是____。A.reducethecitynoiseA.減少城市噪音B.makethecitylesspollutedB.減少城市污染C.rebuildtheoldcityC.重建舊城D.makethecitylesscrowdedD.讓城市不那么擁擠【答案】D【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題?！窘忸}思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞Paragraph4與題干信息可定位到第四段第三句“一個(gè)即將開始運(yùn)作的拯救雅典組織將提議征收重稅，以阻止移民。（Asave-Athensorganization,whichwillsoonbeginfunctioning,willproposeheavytaxestodiscouragemigration.）”由此可推斷，阻止移民會(huì)使城市移民人口減少，城市不會(huì)那么擁擠。因此選D?！靖蓴_項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“減少城市噪