2023學(xué)年完整公開課版高中英語(yǔ)3Module4SandstormsinAsiaM4Gramm

Objective1.Tolearnaboutinfinitive2.Tounderstanddifferenttypesofinfinitive不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,不定式可以帶賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ),沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。不定式可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)有時(shí)用“for+名詞或代詞賓格”構(gòu)成。不定式Infinitive不定式1.作主語(yǔ)1)Tomasteraforeignlanguage

isnecessaryforacollegestudent.2)Itisgoodmannerstohelppeopleintrouble.2.作表語(yǔ)Yourjobistowashdishes.AllIdidwas(to)givehimsomeadvice.當(dāng)作表語(yǔ)的不定式解釋主語(yǔ)中do的意義時(shí)，to可以省略。3.作賓語(yǔ)Shepromisedtogivehimachance.agree,demand,ask,decide,expect,hope,want,offer,plan,pretend,promise,afford,prepare,refuse,manage,fail,dare,fear,swear等動(dòng)詞后面均可直接跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)。少數(shù)介詞后面可跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)1.Ithasnochoicebut

toliedownandsleep.2.Theydidn’topentheirmouthsexcept

tocomplain.當(dāng)句子中的主動(dòng)詞為do時(shí),but,except后的動(dòng)詞不定式省去to;can’tbut,can’tchoosebut,can’thelpbut,donothingbut,ratherthan,hadbetter之后省略to.1.Hedoesnothingbut

playallday.2.Atthenewsshedidn’tsayanythingbut

tocry.3.Hecan’tchoosebut

doit.4.There’snothingtodoexcept/but

waittillitstopsraining.4.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Theteachertold

hisstudentstopaymoreattentiontotheirpronunciation.Iwouldliketheproblemtobediscussedatthenextmeeting.A.ask,tell,order,command,beg,get,request,require,invite,force,permit,cause,forbid,allow,wish,want,expect,encourage,advise,persuade,warn,wouldlike等動(dòng)詞可以接帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。B.think,consider,believe,suppose,know,feel,find,understand等動(dòng)詞后常接tobe+adj.作賓補(bǔ)。Weallknowhimtobeagoodplayer.C.不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，可根據(jù)需要在前加how,where,when,what等疑問詞。Couldyoutellmehow

torepairthemachine?Noonetoldmewhere

tofindhim.Pleaseshowuswhat

todowiththesesentencepatterns.

D.see,hear,watch,feel,notice,let,make,have等后跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),不加to,help后可加可不加。Ineverletmychildstayinthehouseallday.Havehimcomein,please.Iheardhersaythatshe’dliketogototheconcert.5.作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Iwasaskedtohelphimwithhislessons.主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)就是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1.

Shewasseentogooutaminuteago.2.

Hewasmadetogiveupdrinking.6.作后置定語(yǔ)1)Shewasthefirstgirltoworkouttheproblem.(主謂關(guān)系)2)Hehasanimportantmeeting

toattend.

(動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)3)Hekeepshispromisetowritetousregularly.

(同位關(guān)系)不定式作賓語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞如果不是及物動(dòng)詞，后面應(yīng)加必要的介詞Theiceistoothinforustowalkon.IhiredaroomtoliveinwhenintheUS.7.作目的狀語(yǔ)，to可用inorderto或soasto代替（soasto不能置于句首）。1.ShegotoffthetraininBeijingtoseeafriend.2.SomescientistswenttoGermanytoattendamedicalconference.3.Theystartedveryearlyinordernottomissthetrain.8.作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表示出乎意料的結(jié)果,且不定式前常有only,never,強(qiáng)調(diào)驚訝或失望。V-ing作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)一種必然的因果關(guān)系。Hehurriedtohishouse,onlytofindithadbeenbrokeninto.Istoodthere,

nevertobefeelingsostupid.Herparentsdied,leavingheranorphan.Therewasatornadoyesterday,

causing100deaths.Tobecomeadesignerismydream.

Toseeistobelieve.Eattolive,butnotlivetoeat.Whoisthefirsttocomeandlasttogo?Werefusetocheatinexaminations!

ToimproveyourEnglish,youneedtostudyhard.WeareaskedtohandinourCoachingPapernextweek.IampuzzledtohearthenewsthatheresignedonSeptember,12.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ);表語(yǔ)目的狀語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)目的狀語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)不定式的時(shí)態(tài)

不定式的一般式todo

Iamgladtoseeyou.Hehasdecidedtogivehersomemoney.

表示的動(dòng)作通常與謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)或者幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生。不定式的進(jìn)行式tobedoingIamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.Hepretendedtobeworkinghardwhenhisbosspassedhim.表示的動(dòng)作通常與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。不定式的完成式tohavedoneHehappenedtohaveseenthefilmbefore.ThenovelisbelievedtohavebeentranslatedintoChinese.不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)之前。Hewantedtohavemetyouattheairport,buthedidn’tgetthereintime.表示過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的期待或者計(jì)劃hoped,promised,wanted,wished,expected,planned…Hewouldliketohaveplayedtheviolinattheconcert.不定式的完成式在wouldlike后邊表示未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)todo被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)tobedoneItisanhonorformetobeinvitedtoattendthemeeting.Everyonelikestheherotobepraised.不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式完成式進(jìn)行式主動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式

todotohavedonetobedoingtobedonetohavebeendonetobebeingdone判斷時(shí)間:看不定式動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的先后關(guān)系判斷語(yǔ)態(tài):

看不定式動(dòng)作與邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系不定式的時(shí)態(tài)(1)一般式（todo或者tobedone）--在之后發(fā)生。(2)進(jìn)行式(tobedoing或者tobebeingdone)–強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)發(fā)生。(3)完成式(tohavedone或者tohavebeendone)—強(qiáng)調(diào)在之前發(fā)生。Theypretendedtobestudyingwhentheteachercamein.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Heissaidtohavebeenkilledbyathief.Iwanttohaveaholidayassoonaspossible.Iwanttobeinformedofeverythingaboutmyson.Translate:1.Tracy最近似乎瘦了。Tracyseemstohavelostsomeweight.2.班主任進(jìn)來的時(shí)候，他假裝在做作業(yè)。Hepretendedtobedoinghishomeworkwhentheheadteachercamein.3.上海是中國(guó)第一座建造磁懸浮列車的城市。ShanghaiisthefirstcityinChinatohavebuiltthemaglevtrain.特殊結(jié)構(gòu)（Page36）can’tbut,can’tchoosebut與can’thelpbut+do“不得不”。 我不能不欽佩她的勇氣。Ican’tbutadmirehercourage.

她只好做這事了。

Hecan’tchoosebutdoit.我不禁愛上她。

Ican’thelpbutloveher.2.在連詞but之前有“do”省“to”.她什么都不做，只是抱怨。Hedoesnothingbutcomplain. 工人們什么都不做，只是喝茶聊天。Theworkersdonothingbut