2022年江蘇省揚(yáng)州市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題(含答案)

2022年江蘇省揚(yáng)州市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.Themeaningofbuzzwords,iftheyhave,isbasedonconnotationsinsteadof______.

2.Toimproveyouroutput,you'dbettercreateastandardforyouroutputandaredeterminedtoovertakeit

3.

Oldpeopleshouldn'tbothertochangetheireatinghabitsbecauseit'stoolateforittodothemanygood.

A.YB.NC.NG

4.

ThefirstU.Spubliclibrarywasopenedin1803,theresultofagiftof____________.

5.

Corrthinksthatifthereisanyproblemwithadrug,ifsbettertoknowit______.

6.

DiscoveryChannel'sweeklyseries"UnsolvedHistory"isoneofthebestamongsimilarTVprograms.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

Sportsstadiumsnowbecomesasourceofnoisepollutionbecauseof______.

8.

Workersaged25-34usuallyhavemoreemploymentexperiencethanworkersaged16-2

A.YB.NC.NG

9.

AccordingtotheindustryexpertsatASPO,theproductionofoilwilldecreasesignificantlyintheworldby2008.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

ValMacDonaldhelpsadultchildrenwiththeiragingparentissuesthrough______.

A.amagazineB.theInternetC.phonecallsD.homevisiting

11.

WithmajorinternationalchainslikeCarrefourandWal-martexpandingaggressivelyinChina,Chineseretailersandgovernmentofficialsare______aboutthegrowingforeigncompetition.

12.Accordingtothepassage,whataspectistheresponsibilityrevolutionmainlyconcernedwith?

A.Thechangeofthemindofconsumerstospendcautiously.

B.Theeffortofthecompaniestobeenvironmental.

C.Theeffortofthecompaniestobesustainable.

D.Thebehavior.ofthecitizentospendresponsibly.

13.Aseriesofexperimentsdescribedinthepassageistoexaminewhetherthoughtandbehavior.can______.

14.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTprobablyareasonforelectricvehicles'"goodtime"?

A.Risinggasolineprice.

B.Fueleconomy.

C.Affordableprice.

D.Variouschoices.

15.

Whatisrankedbyparentsasthegreatestthreattoboys?

A.Gangcrimes.

B.Onlinegames.

C.Extremesports.

D.Dangeroustraffics.

16.

Themaindifficultiesofspaceflightareneither______nor______.

17.

Watertablesarefallingbecauseof______inmanypartsoftheworld.

18.AccordingtoBobNelson,tostopthoserumoringaboutothers'promotions,it'sbetterfortheentrepreneurto______.

A.explainreasonsforthepromotions

B.orderthemtostopspreadingrumors

C.ignorethiskindofnegativebehaviours

D.promisepromotionforthoseemployees

19.

WhentheMissionstarteditwason______.

20.WhyShouldWeWorryAboutWhatWeShouldn't?

Itwouldbealoteasiertoenjoyyourlifeifthereweren'tsomanythingstryingtokillyoueveryday.Theproblemsstartevenbeforeyou'refullyawake.There'sthefalloutofbedthatkills600Americanseachyear.There'stheearly-morningheartattack,whichis40%morecommonthanthosethatstrikelaterintheday.There'sthefatalplungedownthestairs,thebiteofsausagethatgetslodgedinyourthroat,thetumbleontheslipperysidewalkasyouleavethehouse,thehigh-speedautomotivepinballgamethatisyourdailycommute.

Otherdangersstalkyoualldaylong.Willacabbie'sbrakesfailwhenyou'reinthecrosswalk?Willyouhaveaviolentreactiontobadfood?Andwhatabouttherisksyoucarrywithyouallyourlife?Thefatherandgrandfatherwhodiedofcoronariesintheir50sprobablypassedthesamecardiacweaknessontoyou.Thetendencytotakechancesonthehighwaythathastwicelandedyouintrafficcourtcouldjustaseasilylandyouinthemorgue.

Shadowedbyperilasweare,youwouldthinkwe'dgetprettygoodatdistinguishingtheriskslikeliesttodousinfromtheonesthatarestatisticallongshots.Butyouwouldbewrong.Weagonizeoveravianflu,whichtodatehaskilledpreciselynooneintheU.S.,buthavetobecajoledintogettingvaccinatedforthecommonflu,whichcontributestothedeathsof36,000Americanseachyear.Wewringourhandsoverthemadcowpathogenthatmightbe(butalmostcertainlyisn't)inourhamburgerandworryfarlessaboutthecholesterolthatcontributestotheheartdiseasethatkills700,000ofusannually.

Weprideourselvesonbeingtheonlyspeciesthatunderstandstheconceptofrisk,yetwehaveaconfoundinghabitofworryingaboutmerepossibilitieswhileignoringprobabilities,buildingbarricadesagainstperceiveddangerswhileleavingourselvesexposedtorealones.SixMuslimstravelingfromareligiousconferencewerethrownoffaplanelastweekinMinneapolis,Minn.,evenasunscreenedcargocontinuestostreamintoportsonbothcoasts.ShoppersstilllookaskanceatabagofspinachforfearofE.colibacteriawhilefillingtheircartswithfat-soddenFrenchfriesandsalt-crustednachos.Weputfiltersonfaucets,installairionizersinourhomesandlatherourselveswithantibacterialsoap."Weusedtomeasurecontaminantsdowntothepartspermillion,"saysDanMcGinn,aformerCapitolHillstaffmemberandnowaprivateriskconsultant."Nowit'spartsperbillion."

Atthesametime,20%ofalladultsstillsmoke;nearly20%ofdriversandmorethan30%ofbackseatpassengersdon'tuseseatbelts;two-thirdsofusareoverweightorobese.Wedashacrossthestreetagainstthelightandbuildourhomesinhurricane-proneareasandwhenthey'redemolishedbyastorm,werebuildinthesamespot.Sensiblecalculationofreal-worldrisksisamultidimensionalmathproblemthatsometimesseemsentirelybeyondus.Andwhileitmaybetreethatit'ssomethingwe'llneverdoexceptionallywell,it'salmostcertainlysomethingwecanlearntodobetter.

Partoftheproblemwehavewithevaluatingrisk,scientistssay,isthatwe'removingthroughthemodemworldwithwhatis,inmanyrespects,aprehistoricbrain.Wemaythinkwe'vegrownaccustomedtolivinginapredator-freeenvironmentinwhichmostofthedangersofthewildhavebeendrivenawayorfencedoff,butourcentralnervoussystem--evolvingataglacialpace--hasn'tgotthemessage.

Toprobetherisk-assessmentmechanismsofthehumanmind,JosephLeDoux,aprofessorofneuroscienceatNewYorkUniversityandtheauthorofTheEmotionalBrain,studiesfearpathwaysinlaboratoryanimals.Heexplainsthatthejumpiestpartofthebrain--ofmouseandman--istheamygdala,aprimitive,almond-shapedclumpoftissuethats

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.聽(tīng)力原文：Afewtimeseachmonth,second-gradepupilsataprimaryschooltaketimefrommathandreadingtoengageinphilosophicaldebate.(32)Prof.Wartenbergandhisundergraduatestudentsfromanearbycollegeuseclassicchildren'sbookstoraisephilosophicalquestions,whichtheyoungstudentsthenanalyzewiththevigoroftheancientGreeks.

(33)"Alotofpeopletrytomakephilosophyintoasubjectonlyfortheexcellentfew,"saysProfessorWartenberg,"Buteveryoneisinterestedinbasicphilosophicalideas;they'rethemostbasicquestionswehaveabouttheworld."

Oneafternoonthiswinter,thestudentsreadastory"GivingTree"aboutatreethatgivesitsshade,fruit,branchesandfinallyitstrunktohisfriendaboy.(34)Thecollegestudentsledthediscussion--howweshouldtreatnaturalobjects,withaseriesofquestions,startingwithwhethertheboywaswrongtotakesomuchfromthetree.

"Wedon'tactuallytrytoconvincethemthattreesdeserverespect,"hesays,"butaskthem,'Whatdoyouthink?'We'retryingtogetthemengagedinthepracticeofdoingphilosophy,versustryingtoteachthem."

Heisnotthefirstphilosophertoworkwithchildren.Inthe1970s,MatthewLipmanarguedthatchildrencouldthinkabstractlyatanearlyageandthatphilosophicalquestioningcouldhelpthemdevelopreasoningskills.(35)ProfessorLipman'sviewopposedthatofJeanPiaget,whoassertedthatchildrenunder12werenotcapableofabstractreasoning.Heconcludedthattheircuriosityandsenseofwondermakechildrenreadyforphilosophicinquiry.

(33)

A.Philosophicalclassics.

B.Collegephilosophicalcoursebooks.

C.Philosophicalbest-sellers.

D.Classicchildren'sbooks.

22.(41)

23.(28)

A.Theyarechangedtomakethesitemoreinteresting.

B.Theyareexpandedtolimittheamountofconstruction.

C.Theyareintegratedintothedesignofthebuilding.

D.Theyareremovedforconstruction.

24.聽(tīng)力原文：W:I'dliketoenrollinthefreeseminaryouadvertisedinthenewspaper.Theoneonmanagingyourpersonalfinances.

M:OK.Nowtheaddidsaythatyouhavetohaveasavingsaccountatourbanktobeeligible.Doyouhaveonehere?

Q:Whatdoesthemanwanttoknow?

(19)

A.Ifthewomanhastakenotherclassesonpersonalfinances.

B.Whichseminarthewomanwantstosignupfor.

C.Ifthewomankeepsmoneyatthebank.

D.Wherethewomanlearnedabouttheseminar.

25.(22)

A.Exchangethecomputerforthewoman.

B.Refundthewoman'smoney.

C.Givethewomananythingshelikesinthestore.

D.Givethewomanastorecreditwithwhichshecanbuyanythinginthestore.

26.(19)

A.Theyhavetofinishitquickly.

B.Theyhavetousewhattheyhave.

C.Theyhavetoworkhardanddotheirbest.

D.Theymustredotheprojectandhopeitimproves.

27.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Whenyouhaveadogitisnecessarytocareforitverycarefully.Inreturn,youwillbelovedbyyourdog;themostimportantpartofdog-careis【B1】______.Notonlydoeshavetobekeptclean,his【B2】______shouldalsobeclean,thebedhesleepsincanbemadewithanythinglikearugoradogmattress,aslongasitiskeptcleanandputinaplacewheretherearenodrafts.【B3】______feedingisalsoimportanttoyourdog'shealth.Heavyaluminum【B4】______pansarebestsincetheycannot【B5】______orbreak.Adogshouldbefedinthesameplaceandonaregular【B6】______.Duringfeedingtimeitshouldbe【B7】______.Ifyourdogrefusestoeat,don't【B8】______him.Removehisfoodanddon'tfeedhimagainuntilhisnextregularfeeding【B9】______Ifhedoesnoteatoveralongperiodoftime,yourdogshouldbetakentoaveterinarian.Anotherimportantthingistokeepfreshwateravailabletothedogduringhotweather.【B10】______.Vigorousexercisehelpsbuildstrengthandkeepsthedoghealthy.【B11】______.Largedogs,though,requirearuninanopenfield.Thereareotherthingsthatarealsoimportantforadog'shealth-thingslikebathing,careofteethandnails,keepingthemawayfrominsectsasmuchaspossible.Itisalsonecessarytoprovidespecialcarewhiletraveling.Butifyouobservethethreemainpointsmentionedabove,yourdogwillgiveyouagreatamountofpleasure.

【B1】

28.聽(tīng)力原文：M:What'sNeilgoingtodowhenheleavesschool?

W:Untilafewmonthsagohewasgoingtogotouniversity,buthe'schangedhismind.Nowhereckonshe'sgoingtomakeitinthepopworld.

M:Andhowdoyouparentsfeelaboutthat?

W:Wethinkhe'smakinganenormousmistake.

M:Butsurelyhecangobacktohisstudiesifhismusiccareerfails.

W:That'strue,butoncehegetsatasteoffreedom,he'llfinditmoredifficulttogobacktocollege.Ijustthinkit'ssuchawasteminthreeyears'time,he'llhavegothisdegreeandhe'llstillbeyoungenoughtotryoutthemusicbusiness.Atleastifitdoesn'tworkouthe'llhaveaqualificationbehindhim.

M:Haveyoudiscussedthiswithhim?

W:Ofcourse,buthe'smadeuphismind.We'rejusthopingthathe'llgetoutofhissystemandthencometohissenseandgobacktohisstudies.WhenIleftschoolIdidn'tgoontouniversity,andI'veregrettediteversince.Ijustdon'twanthimtomakethesamemistakeasIdid.

M:Willyousupporthimwhilehe'stryingtobeapopsinger?

W:Youmeanfinancially?No.Hewon'tbelivingathome,andwecan'taffordtopayforhimtoliveinLondon,soit'suptohimtomakeitwork.

(20)

A.Gotouniversity.

B.Got6amusicschool.

C.Starthismusiccareerasapopsinger.

D.Startabusinessinthemusicworld.

29.聽(tīng)力原文：Toooftenyoungpeoplegetthemselvesemployedquitebyaccident,notknowingwhatliesinthewayofopportunityforpromotion,happinessandsecurity.Asaresult,theyareemployeddoingjobsthataffordthemlittleornosatisfaction.Ourschoolgraduatesfacesomuchcompetitionthattheyseldomcarewhattheydesolongastheycanearnaliving.Somestaylongatajobandlearntolikeit,othersmovefromonejobtoanotherlookingforsomethingtosuitthem.TheyounggraduateswholeavetheuniversitylookforJobsthatofferasalaryuptotheirexpectations.Veryfewgooutintotheworldknowingexactlywhattheywantandrealizingtheirownabilities.Thereasonbehindallthisconfusionisthatthereneverhasbeenapropervocationalguidanceinoureducationalinstitutions.Nearlyallgropeinthedarkandtheirchiefconcernwhentheylookforajobistoaskwhatthesalaryislike.Theyneverbothertothinkwhethertheyaresuitedforthejobor,evenmoreimportant,whetherthejobsuitsthem.Havingajobismorethanmerelyprovidingyourselfandyourdependentswithdailybreadandsomemoneyforleisureandentertainment.Itsetsapatternoflifeandinmanyways,determinessocialstatusinlife,selectionoffriends,leisureandinterests.

Inchoosingacareeryoushouldfirstconsiderthetypeofworkwhichwillsuityourinterests,Nothingismoresadthantakingonajobinwhichyouhavenointerest,foritwillnotonlydiscourageyourdesiretosucceedinlifebutalsowasteyourtalentsandultimately,makeyouanemotionalwreckandabitterperson.

(36)

A.Becausetheywanttoearnhighsalary.

B.Becauseschoolsdonotteachstudentshowtochoosejobs.

C.Becausetherehasbeenseverecompetitioninthejobmarket.

D.Becausetheyhavenoworkingexperience.

30.聽(tīng)力原文：Afableisashortstorywhichisnottrue.Itisastorythatteachesusalesson.Wecallthelessonasmoral.Fablesareoftenaboutanimals,liketheoneaboutthehareandthetortoise.Haveyoureadthatfable?Whichonehaveyourread?Theyarenotalwaysaboutanimals,However.HereisaChinesefable.

AfishermancalledAhChongoncewentfishing,heloweredalineintothewater,onwhichtherewerehooks.Heintendedtocomeback'latertocollectthefishbutthelinebegantofeelveryheavysohehauleditintotheboat.Tohisastonishment,agoldchainwasonthehook.Hehauledthechainintotheboatbutmoreandmorechainappeared.Soonthebottomoftheboatwascoveredbytheglitteringlinksofchain."Ishallbewealthy.Ishallhavejewels,silkclothesandhundrredsofservants,"hethought.Hewentonpullinginthechainanddidnotnoticethattheboatwassinkingundertheweightofthegoldchain.Finally,thatboatsanktothebottomofthesea.

(30)

A.Afableisashort,truestorythatteachesusalesson.

B.Afableisashort,untruestoryaboutanimals.

C.Afableisashort,untruestorywithamoral.

D.Afableisashortlessonaboutanimals.

31.聽(tīng)力原文：W:I'mveryimpressedbyalltheworkyou'vedoneonyourhouse,Mr.Jones.Howlonghaveyoubeenworkingonit?

M:Ifirstbecameinterestedindoingthingsmyselfseveralyearsago.I'vebeendoingsomethingoniteverynowandthenforalmostayearnow.Youknow,Icouldn'taffordtopayworkmentodoit.

Q:WhatdowelearnaboutMr.Jones?

(14)

A.Heusedtobeaworkmanhimself.

B.Helikestodothingshimself.

C.Heisprofessionalbuilder.

D.Hepaidworkmentodecoratethehouse.

32.【B5】

33.

【B3】

34.(31)

A.80countriesandover4,000cities.

B.76countriesandover2,000cities.

C.102countriesandover5,000cities.

D.88countriesandover4,000cities.

35.

【B11】

36.聽(tīng)力原文：Theexistenceofblackholehadlongbeenpredictedbytheorybutneverconfirmed.

Ablackholeisanextremelymysteriousobject.Ithasagravitywhichissointensethatnothing,notevenlight,canescapefromit.Itcanchangespaceandtimeinbasicways.

ApowerfulX-raystreamdrewtheattentionofscientiststotheevent.Itislocatednearthecenterofagalaxywhichisabout700millionlight-yearsfromEarth.Accordingtotheinternationalteamofscientists,gasesfromthestarhavebeenheatedtoatemperatureofmultimillion-degreewhentheyweredrawntowardtheblackhole.Thusastrongwindisproduced.

Scientistssaidastaraboutthesizeofoursunwascomingclosetotheblackhole.Thebiggravityoftheblackholepulledthestartothepointofbreaking.Itisestimatedtohaveagravity100milliontimesthatofoursun.

TheeffectissimilartothedraggingforcethemoonhasontheEarth'soceans,butismuchmoreviolent.Theblackholehasobservedtohaveeatenupabout1percentofthestar.Itseemsthatthisunluckystarhasjustenteredthewrongneighborhood.

ScientistshaveseenothersimilarX-raystreamsbefore,butneverwereabletolocatethematthecenterofagalaxy,whereblackholesmayexist.ThenewobservationsalsofoundthatablackholeisalwayssurroundedbyX-rays.

(33)

A.Ithasanintensegravity.

B.Itcanchangespaceandtimeinbasicways.

C.Nothingcanescapefromit.

D.Ithasbeenpredictedbytheorybutneverconfirmed.

37.(29)

A.Byfilteringseawater.

B.Bytreatingseawaterwithchemicals.

C.Bytakingsaltoutofseawater.

D.Bydryingupseawater.

38.(42)

39.(25)

A.Someonewhoalwaystalksabouthimself.

B.Themostviolenttypeofco-workers.

C.Someonewhostabsyourback.

D.Themostcommonannoyingtypeofpeople.

40.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Ihaveaspecialguesttoday,Shirley.Shirley,youtrulyhaveanamazinggarden.Couldyouletusknowhowyouputthistogether?

W:ThisspringItookasquare-footgardeningclass,andIdecidedtotrysomeofthethingsI'velearned.Um,oneofthemostimportantthingsinsquare-footgardeningisthatyouchooseagoodlocation.Youneedatleast6to8hoursofdirectsunshine.Youalsoneedtochoosealocationthathasgooddrainage,anditshouldbeaconvenientlocation.Agardenisalotmorefunifyouarewalkingbyandseeingitallthetime.Um,youneedtodecidewhatkindofcontainersyouwant,or,inmycase,Iusedwoodenboxes.

M:Well,Shirley,I'venoticedtheseverticalbeams.I'veneverseenthatbefore.Couldyouexplainthattousalittlebit?

W:Rightherewehavesomecantaloupe,andcantaloupetakealotofspacewhenyougrowthemoutontheground,andIdon'thavethatmuchspace,soIjustgrowthemup.Ijustmadeametalframe,andtooksomestring.Ijustallowthemtogrowup,andtheywillsupportthemselves.

M:Thisisamazing.Inoticedinthisgarden,thereisavastamountofvegetation.

W:Well,overonthefarend,Ihavetomatoesgrowingvertically.InfrontofthoseIhavegreenpeppers,basil,strawberries,beets,greenbeans,corn,carrotsandsoon.Righthere,asIsaidbefore,Ihavecantaloupe.Downatthebottom,IhavesomeMexicantomatoes.Anddownatthisend,Ihaveeggplant,anotherkindofpeppercalledbananapeppers,cucumbers,okra,pumpkins...andIthinkthat'saboutit.

M:I'msoimpressed.I'dtiketothankyouverymuchforhavingusintodaytolookatyourgarden.

(23)

A.Byattendingaclass.

B.Fromherparents.

C.Throughagardeningmagazine.

D.Fromherneighbors.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

It'swellthatyoungmenshouldbeginatthebeginningandoccupythemostsubordinatepositions.ManyoftheleadingbusinessmenofPittsburghhadaseriousresponsibilitythrustuponthemattheverythresholdoftheircareer.Theywereintroducedtothebroom,andspentthefirsthoursoftheirbusinesslivessweepingouttheoffice.Inoticewehavejanitorsandjanitressesinoffices,andouryoungmenunfortunatelymissthatsalutarybranchofabusinesseducation.Butifbychancetheprofessionalsweeperisabsentanymorningtheboywhohasthegeniusofthefuturepartnerwillnothesitatetotryhishandatthebroom.

Assumingthatyou'veallobtainedemploymentandarefairlystarted,myadvicetoyouis"aimhigh".Iwouldnotgiveafigfortheyoungmanwhodoesnotalreadyseehimselfthepartnerortheheadofanimportantfirm.Donotrestcontentforamomentinyourthoughtsasheadclerk,orforeman,orgeneralmanagerinanyconcern,nomatterhowextensive.Saytoyourself,"Myplaceisatthetop.'Bekinginyourdreams.

Andhereistheprimeconditionofsuccess,thegreatsecret:concentrateyourenergy,thought,andcapitalexclusivelyuponthebusinessinwhichyouareengaged.Havingbeguninoneline,resolvetofightitoutonthatline,toleadinit,adopteveryimprovement,havethebestmachinery,andknowthemostaboutit.Theconcernswhichfailarethosewhichhavescatteredtheircapital,whichmeansthattheyhavescatteredtheirbrainsalso.Itiseasytowatchandcarryonebasket.Itistryingtocarrytoomanybasketsthatbreakmosteggsinthiscountry.Hewhocarriesthreebasketsmustputoneonhishead,whichisapttotriphimup.OnefaultoftheAmericanbusinessmanislackofconcentration.

Aimforthehighest,neverenterabarroom;donottouchliquor,orifatallonlyatmeals;neverspeculate;neverindorsebeyondyoursurpluscashfund;makethefirm'sinterestyours;breakordersalwaystosaveowners;concentrate;putallyoureggsinjustonebasket,andwatchthatbasket;expenditurealwayswithinrevenuerlastlybenotimpatient,forasEmersonsays,"Noonecancheatyououtofultimatesuccessbutyourselves."

What'sthepurposeofcitingtheexamplesofPittsburghinthefirstparagraph?

42.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Publicityoffersseveralbenefits.Therearenocostsformessagetimeorspace.Anadinprimetimetelevisionmaycost$250,000to$500,000ormoreperminute,whereasafive-minutereportonanetworknewscastwouldnotcostanything.However,therearecostsfornewsreleases,apublicitydepartment,andotheritems.Aswithadvertising,publicityreachesamassaudience.Withinashorttime,newproductsorcompanypoliciesarewidelyknown.

Credibilityaboutmessagesishigh,becausetheyarereportedinindependentmedia.Anewspaperreviewofamoviehasmorebelievabilitythananadinthesamepaper,becausethereaderassociatesindependencewithobjectivity.Similarly,peoplearemorelikelytopayattentiontonewsreportsthanads.Readersspendtimereadingthestories,buttheyflipthroughtheads.Furthermore,theremaybe10commercialsduringahalf-hourtelevisionprogramorhundredsofadsinamagazine.Featurestoriesaremuchfewerinnumberandstandoutclearly.

Publicityalsohassomesignificantlimitations.Afirmhaslittlecontrolovermessages,theirtiming,theirplacement,ortheircoveragebyagivenmedium.Itmayissuedetailednewsreleasesandfindonlyportionscitedbythemedia;andmediahavetheabilitytobemuchmorecriticalthenacompanywouldlike.Forexample,in1982,P&Gfacedasubstantialpublicityproblemoverthemeaningofits123-year-oldcompanylogo(標(biāo)識(shí)語(yǔ)).Afewministersandcitizensbelievedthatthesymbolwassacrilegious(瀆圣的).Thesebeliefswerecoveredextensivelybythemediaandresultedinthefirmreceiving15,000phonecallsabouttherumorinJunealone.Tocombatthisnegativepublicity,thefirmissuednewsfeaturingprominentclergythatrefutedtherumors,andthreatenedtosuethosepeoplespreadingthestories.Themediacooperatedandthefalserumorwastemporarilyputtorest.However,in1985,negativepublicitybecamesodisruptive(制造混亂的)thatP&Gdecidedtoremovethelogofromitsproducts.

Afirmmaywantpublicityduringcertainperiods,suchaswhenanewproductisintroducedornewstoreopened,butthemediamaynotcovertheintroductionoropeninguntilafterthetimeitwouldaidthefirm.Similarly,mediadeterminetheplacementofastory;itmayfollowareportoncrimeorsports.Finally,themediaascertainwhethertocoverastoryatallandtheamountofcoverage.Acompany-sponsoredjobsprogrammightgounreportedorreceivethreesentencecoverageinalocalnewspaper.

Publicitycancoverlargenumbersofaudiencesinashorttimeanditscostsarelowerthan______.

43.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutthe"agony"column?

A.Itisclassifiedasakindof"smallads".

B.Itisincludedinthe"hatch,matchanddispatch"column.

C.Itmainlyconsistsofdistressfulnews.

D.Itprovidesmosthelpfuladvertisementsforhouseholds.

44.

Speakingoftheonlinetechnologyavailableformarketing,theauthorimpliesthat______.

A.thetechnologyispopularwithmanyWebusers

B.businesseshavefaithinthereliabilityofonlinetransactions

C.thereisaradicalchangeinstrategy

D.itisaccessiblelimitedlytoestablishedpartners

45.

Whyaretoday'soldermiddle-agedandelderlybecomingthenewwinners?

A.Becausetheymaderelativelysmallcontributionsintax,butyoungergenerationwillpossiblyhandovermorethanathirdoftheirlifetime'searningsforthecareofthem.

B.Becausetheycontributedalotintaxandnowcanclaimmuchonthewelfaresystem.

C.Becausetheymadesmallcontributions,butnowcanmakemoneyeasily.

D.Becausetheyoutnumberyoungergenerationandenjoymoreprivilegesinthepresentsociety.

46.Theword"laser"wascoinedasanacronymforLightAmplificationbytheStimulatedEmissionofRadiation.Ordinarylight,fromtheSunofalightbulb,isemittedspontaneously,whenatomsormoleculesgetridofexcessenergybythemselves,withoutanyoutsideintervention.Stimulatedemissionisdifferentbecauseitoccurswhenanatomofmoleculesholdingontoexcessenergyhasbeenstimulatedtoemititasl