新版專升本英語復(fù)習(xí)資料

最新專升本英語復(fù)習(xí)資料第一節(jié)概念一、開音節(jié)以發(fā)音元音字母結(jié)尾、以“元音字母+不發(fā)音e”結(jié)尾、以“一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母(r除外)+不發(fā)音e”結(jié)尾音節(jié)都叫開音節(jié)。如：no，be，note.★發(fā)音元音字母：a，e，i，o，u二、閉音節(jié)以“一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)或幾個(gè)輔音字母(r除外)”結(jié)尾音節(jié)叫閉音節(jié)。如：map，plan，west.三、r音節(jié)以“元音字母+r”組成音節(jié)叫r音節(jié)。如：car，doctor，teacher，dirty.詞匯與語法40個(gè)小題，共40分。從，考題看，語法占20――25分。第一節(jié)名詞(null)綱領(lǐng)要求掌握：一、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞二、可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式三、名詞全部格四、名詞在句子中作用一、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞名詞分可數(shù)與不可數(shù)兩種?？蓴?shù)名詞表示某類人或東西中個(gè)體。如table，country.或表示若干個(gè)體組成集合體。如family，people，committee，police.不可數(shù)名詞表示無法分為個(gè)體實(shí)物。如air，tea，furniture，water.或表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念。如work，information，advice，happiness.有些名詞在一個(gè)場(chǎng)所下是可數(shù)名詞，在另一個(gè)場(chǎng)所下是不可數(shù)名詞。如room房間(可數(shù))，空間(不可數(shù))time時(shí)間(不可數(shù))，次數(shù)(可數(shù))fish魚(不可數(shù))，各種各樣魚(可數(shù))比較以下例句：Therearenineroomsinthehouse.(房間，可數(shù)名詞)Thereisntenoughroomforusthreeinthecar.(空間，不可數(shù)名詞)不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量能夠經(jīng)過在其前面加單位詞來表示。如：一塊肉apieceofmeat兩條長(zhǎng)面包twoloavesofbread三件家俱threearticlesoffurniture一大筆錢alargesumofmoney二、可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。名詞復(fù)數(shù)組成以下：1.通常情況下在名詞后加-s.如：girls，books.★濁輔音、元音結(jié)尾，s發(fā)[z]2.以s，x，ch，sh結(jié)尾詞在名詞后加-es.如：glasses，boxes，matches，bushes.★以s，x，ch，sh結(jié)尾，es發(fā)[iz]3.“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾詞，變y為i再加-es.如：city-cities，country-countries.4.以o結(jié)尾詞多數(shù)加-es.如：heroes，tomatoes，potatoes.radios，zoos，photos，pianos，kilos例外。5.f，fe結(jié)尾詞，多數(shù)變f，fe為v再加-es.如：thief-thieves，leaf-leaves，half-halves，life-lives，wife-wives，knife-knives.少數(shù)名詞有不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：man-men，woman-women，foot-feet，tooth-teeth，child-children，mouse-mice.★可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)通常情況下考不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式。個(gè)別名詞單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式是一樣。如Chineses，Japanese，sheep，deer.三、名詞全部格名詞全部格表示所屬關(guān)系，起形容詞作用。當(dāng)名詞表示有生命東西時(shí)，全部格通常是在詞尾加s.如：Jeansroom，mydaughter-in-lawsfriends，mydaughters-in-lawsfriends，childrensbooks.假如名詞已經(jīng)有了復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s，則只需加。如：theteachersbooks，myparentscar.時(shí)間名詞全部格在后面加s，復(fù)數(shù)加.如：todaysnewspaper，fiveminuteswalk.當(dāng)名詞表示無生命東西時(shí)，全部格常由“of”短語組成。如：thetopoftheworld，thecoverofthebook，Chinascapital.加s或名詞全部格能夠表示店鋪或某人家。如：thegrocers，thetailors，theSmiths.★名詞全部格考試常見部分是名詞表示沒有生命東西時(shí)，不能直接在其后加s.時(shí)間名詞全部格在其后加s，或復(fù)數(shù)名詞后直接加。四、名詞在句子中作用名詞在句子中能夠作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語、定語，有時(shí)能夠作狀語。名詞、代詞或其余結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上必須與主語保持一致。1.主語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;主語是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。AllroadsleadtoRome.(條條大路通羅馬。)Hisbrotherisanindustrialengineer.Thenumberofthestudentsattendingthepartyisincreasing.★thenumberof表示數(shù)量，不論后面名詞是復(fù)數(shù)還是單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)形式。Two-thirdsoftheshopbelongstome.★two-thirds三分之二幾分之幾作主語，謂語是單數(shù)形式。belongto屬于某人BothofusarestudyingEnglish.★總結(jié)：在名詞作主語時(shí)，thenumberof謂語動(dòng)詞單數(shù)形式;幾分之幾，謂語單數(shù)形式;both謂語使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2、主語是不可數(shù)名詞、不定式或動(dòng)名詞詞組、從句時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Allthemoneyhereceivedwasgiventohismother.Forgettingthepastmeansbetrayal.Whatwearetalkingnowisuseless.3.主語部分若有aswellas，with，togetherwith，like，but，except等短語，謂語動(dòng)詞單、復(fù)數(shù)與短語前面名詞一致。Mary，aswellashertwosisters，isastudentofthisschool.(aswellashertwosisters作主語Mary主語補(bǔ)足語，主語Mary是單數(shù)，所以謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式)Nooneexceptmyfriendsknowsanythingaboutit.4.表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、價(jià)值等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，假如看成整體對(duì)待，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式?！啊?(×)…=…”算式中謂語動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式。Threetimestwoissix.Threekilometersis3，ooometres.(threekilometers作為整體來看)5.Either，neither作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。NeitherofushasbeentoItaly.HaseitherofthembeentoShanghai?none代表可數(shù)人或東西時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞能夠用單數(shù)也能夠用復(fù)數(shù)，代表不可數(shù)東西時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Noneofthestudentshave/hasseenthefilm.Noneofthemoneybelongstome.6.主語由either…or，neither…nor，notonly…butalso連接時(shí)，謂語形式由最鄰近主語決定。NotonlyyoubutalsoIamwrong.NeithermyauntnorIamgoingoutthisafternoon.Eitheryouorsheistodothework.7.主語中有and，假如表示單一概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Thebreadandbutterisnice.8.主語前有manya，morethanone修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Manyabookhasbeenreadbythestudents.★manyabook=manybooksMorethanonepersonhasbeentotheGreatWall.9.集合名詞作主語，看成整體對(duì)待時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，看成每個(gè)獨(dú)立個(gè)體對(duì)待時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Thecommitteemeetsonceayear.(作為整體)Thecommitteearehavingameetingnow.(作為獨(dú)立個(gè)體)People，police作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Thepolicehavecometoarresthim.名詞部分考試重點(diǎn)1、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞里，哪幾個(gè)詞是不可數(shù)名詞。2、可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式重點(diǎn)掌握不規(guī)則形式，單、復(fù)數(shù)相同名詞。3、名詞全部格重點(diǎn)掌握時(shí)間名詞全部格在其后加s，復(fù)數(shù)加。4、名詞在句中作用，重點(diǎn)掌握剛才9點(diǎn)?？键c(diǎn)測(cè)試1.Tendays______longenoughforMr.Cartertofinishhisdesign.Hedoesntneedanymore.A.isB.hasbeenC.wasD.hadbeentendays作為一個(gè)整體對(duì)待，謂語用單數(shù)形式。(注意時(shí)態(tài))答案A2.Now，manypeopleusethewordMsinsteadofMissorMrs，forexample，beforethenamesof______inbusinessletters.A.womanmanagerB.womenmanagerC.womanmanagersD.womens是復(fù)數(shù)形式，其后名詞必定是復(fù)數(shù)。兩個(gè)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，兩個(gè)都要變。答案D3.Thenumberofstudentswhofailedthechemistryexamination_____tofifteen.A.haveincreasedB.hasincreasedC.isincreasedD.areincreasingthenumberof謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。答案B4.NeitherJohnnorhisfather_______abletowakeupearlyenoughtocatchthemorningtrain.A.wasB.wereC.wouldbeD.havebeenneither……nor謂語動(dòng)詞跟相鄰主語一致。答案A5.Theroomiseight_______long.A.footB.footsC.feetD.feetsfoot英尺，復(fù)數(shù)形式feet答案C6.Whenautumncomes，the______oftreesbegintofall.A.leafsB.leafesC.leavesD.leafleaf復(fù)數(shù)形式leaves答案C7.Thefloodhasdone_____tothisarea.A.damagesB.manydamagesC.muchdamageD.damaging8.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacher______atthemeeting.A.waspresentB.werepresentC.havebeenpresentedD.hasbeenpresentednotonly……butalso謂語動(dòng)詞與相鄰名詞一致。present展現(xiàn)，介紹答案A9.Oneofthethingsshewroteabout______lifeonasmallfarmatthebeginningofthecentury.A.isB.wasC.areD.wereoneof謂語用單數(shù)。答案B10.Onlyaboutoneoutoftwelveoftheyoungmenandwomenofthiscountry_____collegeeducation.A.receiveB.receivesC.havereceivedD.havebeenreceivedoneoutof謂語用單數(shù)形式。答案B11.Neverbefore______somanypeoplebeenengagedinproducinggoodsjustforthecomfortofman.A.hasB.haveC.willD.wouldneverbefore開頭，句子倒裝。主語somanypeople為復(fù)數(shù)。engageindoingsth.忙于做某事。答案B12.Atthebusstop_______asoldierandtwoyoungpeopleontheirwaytoNorthCarolina.A.wereB.wasC.isD.sitsandwaits主語asoldierandtwoyoungpeople為復(fù)數(shù)答案A13.There______thelastpieceofcakeandthelastspoonfuloficecream.A.goesB.goC.goneD.wasgone主語thelastpieceofcakeandthelastspoonfuloficecream復(fù)數(shù)答案B14.Mr.Brown，andnotI，________chosentobetherepresentativeoftheclass.A.isB.amC.areD.havebeen主語Mr.Brown答案A15.Theteacher，aswellasanumberofstudents，_______toattendtheparty.A.askB.asksC.wasaskedD.wereasked謂語動(dòng)詞與aswellas前面名詞一致。答案C16.Thehostesstogetherwiththeguestsofhonor________comfortablyinthelivingroom.A.wasseatedB.seatedC.wereseatedD.wereseating謂語與togetherwith前名詞一致beseated就坐Pleasebeseatedladiesandgentlmen.Seattheboynexttohisbrother.答案A17.Thefather，ratherthanthebrothers，_______responsiblefortheaccident.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.has主語thefather，單數(shù)beresponsiblefor對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)答案A18.EitherCarolorGrace______totheconcert，butoneofthemhastostayhome.A.iscomingB.arecomingC.willcomingD.havecomeeither……or謂語動(dòng)詞與臨近主語一致。答案A19.Thetotalamountofmoney______100dollars.A.isB.areC.hasD.havemoney不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞單數(shù)。答案A20.Greatquantitiesoffish_____onhighseas.A.iscaughtB.第二節(jié)冠詞(1-4~2-2)綱領(lǐng)要求：1、不定冠詞基本使用方法2、定冠詞基本使用方法3、不加冠詞基本規(guī)則以及冠詞習(xí)慣使用方法冠詞是一個(gè)虛詞，只能附著在名詞上幫助說明名詞含義。冠詞分為定冠詞(the)和不冠詞(a或an)兩類，定冠詞表示特指，不定冠詞表示泛指。a用于讀音以輔音開頭詞前面，an用于讀音以元音開頭詞前面。如：auniversity，ausefulbook，anumbrella，ahorse，anhonestman.一、不定冠詞基本使用方法1.表示“一”含義。Givemeapenplease.Wegoshoppingtwiceaweek.2.泛指某個(gè)人或東西。YesterdaywevisitedanEnglishsecondaryschool.Shepickedupamagazineandbegantoread.3.表示一類人或東西。Heworksasalanguageteacherinthatuniversity.Asawriter，heissuccessful.Evenachildcananswerthisquestion.可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)出現(xiàn)，泛指用不定冠詞，特指用定冠詞。一個(gè)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)不能自己?jiǎn)为?dú)出現(xiàn)。二、定冠詞基本使用方法1.表示特定人或東西。Givemethemagazine.Haveyoudecidedonthepricesyet?ThebookonthetableisanEnglishdictionary.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.2.復(fù)述前文提到人或東西。Lastweek，Isawaflim.Thefilmisaboutalovestorybetweentwomiddle-agedpeople.Theoldmansawahouseinthefield.Hewentintothehouseandfoundabeautifulgirlsittingthereandsinging.3.用于形容詞前面，代表一類人或東西。thepoor窮人therich富人thewounded受傷人thesick生病人thebeautiful漂亮事物theold老年人theyoung年青人4.用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無二東西名詞前面。themoon，thesun，theearthThemoonmovesaroudtheearth.Wehavefriendsallovertheworld.Dontbuildcastlesintheair.5.用于序數(shù)詞、方位名詞、形容詞與副詞最高級(jí)前面，副詞最高級(jí)前面the能夠省略。Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Thesunrisesintheeast.JapanliestotheeastofChina.BeijingliesinthenorthofChina.IrelandliesontheGreatBritain.AttheChildrensPalace，somechildrenlearntoplaythepiano，otherslearntoplaytheviolin.Lastweekwewenttothetheatre.AmongthethreegirlsshespeaksEnglishthebest.“東、南、西、北”作副詞時(shí)，前面不加冠詞。Wearewalkingsouth.形容詞最高級(jí)前若有物主代詞，就不加定冠詞。Mondayismybusiestday.6.用于姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表示一家人或夫婦倆。TheLiushavemovedtoGuangzhou.TheSimthscametoChinaforvisitin1996.7.不可數(shù)名詞前面通常不加定冠詞，但若有限制性定語修飾，或表示特定部分、特定內(nèi)容時(shí)，前面需加定冠詞。Drinksomewater.Isthewaterinthewellfitfordrink?Whatdoyouthinkofthemusic?Hecanttaketheadvicehismothergiveshim.三、不加冠詞基本規(guī)則1.季節(jié)、月份、日期前通常不加冠詞。Ifwintercomescanspringbefarbehind?WehavefewclassesonSunday.10.1isNationalDay.2.表示球類、棋類、三頓飯名詞前通常不加冠詞，但樂器前需加定冠詞。Whatdidyouhaveforlunch?Dinnerisready.Letsgoandwatchthemplaychess.Myelderbrotherlikestoplayfootball.Theboysarelearnigtoplaytheguitar.playthepianoplaytheviolin3.有些固定詞組中名詞前不加冠詞。atnoonatnightatdawnatmidnightinthemorningintheafternoonintheeveninginthedaytimeintowninfrontof(atthebackof)atdistance(inthedistance)asawholeonthewholetocatchcoldtohaveacold冠詞考試重點(diǎn)冠詞所占百分比不大，通常是1分或2分。1、什么時(shí)候加定冠詞。2、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)出現(xiàn)，必須用a或an或定冠詞修飾，不能單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)。3、什么情況下，不用加冠詞。冠詞易考：1、冠詞修飾名詞。Pleasego_____upstairsafteryouhavefinishedthelunch.upstairs是副詞，前面不需要加冠詞。2、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)泛指，前面加不定冠詞。an用于讀音以元音開頭單詞前。ReadingEnglishstorybooksisagoodwayofimprovingyourEnglish.Ihavebeenwaitingforhimforhalfanhour.3、名詞特指時(shí)，前面加定冠詞。HeisenjoyinghisstayinDenmark，buthassomedifficultywiththelanguage.Isthewaterfromthetapfitfordrink?4、可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞泛指，前面不加冠詞;大部分專有名詞前也不加冠詞。Asweknow，themostdangerousenemiesarethosewhopretendtobefriends.Theyleftforworkaftersupper.ThefilmincludessomerecentlydiscoverednewsreelsofWorldWarII.(theSencondWorldWar)5、冠詞在固定詞組中特定使用方法。WithoutanynewsfromTomforalongtime，hisfatherleftforShanghaitoseehim.Theywilltravelbyair.Iwillhelpyouforthesakeofyoursister.(forthesakeof因?yàn)?Iwillgotoschoolonfoot.Mymotherisinhospital.Hehasbeeninprisonfortwoyears.經(jīng)典例題1.______filmincludessomerecentlydiscoverednewsreelsof_______WorldWarII.A.The;theB.A;theC.The;/D.A;/WorldWarII是專有名詞答案：C2.Canyouplay_____?A.pianoB.pianosC.apianoD.thepiano答案：D3.“Youvebeenverybusylately.”“SobusyIhaventhadtimetocleanmyhouse.Thereis_____whereveryoulook.”A.dustB.adustC.thedustD.dustsdust是不可數(shù)名詞答案：A4.Thestation?Takethesecondturning_______.A.toleftthengostraightonB.ontheleft，thengostraightonC.toleft，thengorightforwardD.totheleft，thengorightforwardontheleft在左邊答案：B5.Mymotherusuallyhas_____bed.A.thebreakfastB.breakfastinC.thebreakfastintheD.breakfastintheinbed躺在床上答案：Binthebed在床里面6.Hestolethemoneyandtheyputhim_________.A.atprisonB.attheprisonC.inprisonD.intheprisoninprison進(jìn)監(jiān)獄答案：C7.EvenonSundays，fewerpeoplegoto______churchthanbefore.A.theB.aC./D.thatgotochurch去教堂gotoschool去學(xué)校gotobed上床睡覺gotocollege去大學(xué)答案：C8._________lookmuchalike.A.SmithssistersB.SmithsistersC.TwoSmithsistersD.TheSmithsisters表示一家人，前面加the答案D代詞(2-2~3-3)包含人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、關(guān)系代詞、不定代詞及其使用方法。一、人稱代詞人稱代詞有第一、第二、第三人稱和單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)之分，在句子中能夠作主語和賓語。英語中有以下人稱代詞：在并列主語或賓語中，I或me通常放在后面。如：LipingandIareinchargeofthework.Myfartherasksmysisterandmetohavedinnerwithhimtomorrow.二、物主代詞物主代詞有形容詞型與名詞型之分。形容詞型物主代詞在句子中作定語，名詞型物主代詞在句子中主要作主語、賓語、表語、定語(接在of后面)。英語中有以下物主代詞：名詞型物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞型物主代詞加上上文出現(xiàn)名詞。如：Mybagisyellow，his(hisbag)isblackandtheirs(theirbags)arebrown.三、反身代詞英語中有以下反身代詞：反身代詞在句子中能夠作賓語、表語、同位語等。如：Pleasehelpyourselftosometea.(賓語)Theboyistooyoungtolookafterhimself.(賓語)Illbemyselfagaininnotime.(表語)Thedeskitselfisnotsoheavy.(同位語)Ifixedthedoormyself.(同位語)四、指示代詞指示代詞包含this，that，these，those和such，在句子中能夠作主語、定語、表語、賓語等(such不作賓語)。that和those有時(shí)分別用來代表前面提到不可數(shù)名詞和名詞復(fù)數(shù)，以防止重復(fù)。而可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)往往用theone或thatone來代替。用theone時(shí)候更多一些。如：Thesemachinesarebetterthanthoseweturnedoutlastyear.生產(chǎn)Theoiloutputofthisyearismuchhigherthanthatoflastyear.產(chǎn)量ThebestwineisthatfromFrance.Myroomislighterthantheonenextdoor.Illtaketheseatnexttotheonebythewindow.Thefilmismorefunnythanthatone.that能夠指上面提到事情，this指下面要談事情。如：Theyhavenotimetoreadthebooks.Thatstheirtrouble.Shewasillyesterday.Thatswhyshewasabsent.Iwanttoknowthis：Howmuchmoneywehaveleft?WhatIwanttosayisthis：PronunciationisveryimportantinlearningEnglish.this和that有時(shí)還能夠用來表示程度。如：Idontwantthatmuch.Heisnotthatwise.Thebookisaboutthisthick.五。疑問代詞疑問代詞包含what，which，who，whom，whose，能夠用來組成特殊疑問句，也能夠引導(dǎo)名詞從句。What，which，who在句子中作主語或賓語，whom作賓語，whose作定語。如：Whoisspeaking?(主語)Whichdoyouprefer，theyellowoneorthewhiteone?(賓語)Whatsyoursister?(表語)Themanwhoistalkingwithmymotherisanengineer.(引導(dǎo)定從句)Theoldmanwhosesonisstudyingabroadisourformaldeanofthedepartment.(引導(dǎo)定從句)ThisistheplanewhichwillflytoWuhanthisafternoon.(引導(dǎo)定從句)IdontrememberwhomIhavelentmydictionaryto.(引導(dǎo)賓語從句)疑問代詞what，which，who，whom后面能夠加ever來加重語氣。如：Whoevercanbecallingatthistimeofthenight?誰這么深更午夜來找人?Illsaywhatevercomesintomyhead.Takewhicheverbookyoulike.六。不定代詞不定代詞包含both，either，neither，all，none，no，one，each，every，few，afew，little，alittle，many，much，some，any，other，another，以及some，any，no，every組成合成代詞。(一)both，either，neitherboth表示“二者(都)”，either表示“(二者之中)任何一個(gè)”，neither表示“(二者之中)沒有一個(gè)”。三個(gè)詞在句子中都能夠作主語、賓語、定語，both還能夠作同位語。Mysisterisgoodatplanninghertimesothatshealwayshasenoughtimeforbothworkandplay.(begoodat擅長(zhǎng)做某事)Neitheroftheanswersisright.Eitherofthebooksbelongstoyou.YouandIarebothtoblame.Youbothagreedtostay.Both放在實(shí)意動(dòng)詞前，系動(dòng)詞be后面。(二)all，none，no，oneall和none用于三者以上場(chǎng)所，分別表示“全部都”和“一個(gè)都沒有”，none往往與of連用。Allofusarefondofsports.(befondof興趣)Weareallforhim.(beforsb支持某人)Graspall，loseall.什么都抓，什么都抓不住。(諺)Noneofthemknowhowtoreadandwrite.Afriendtoallisafriendtonone.濫交者無友。(諺)Noneofusareperfect.Noneofthemhashadthatkindofexperience.no表示“沒有”，在句子中只能作定語，相當(dāng)于nota或notany，not否定動(dòng)詞，no否定名詞。Timeandtidewaitfornoman.歲月不等人。(諺)Nomanisbornwise.沒有些人是生來聰明。(諺)Imnodancer.(Imnotadancer.)one指代上文提到人或物，前面能夠加定冠詞，能夠有自己定語，還能夠有復(fù)數(shù)形式。Youranswerisagoodone.Idontlikecolouredenvelopes.Ilikewhiteones.Ihaventgotaraincoat.Illhavetobuyone.(三)each，everyeach和every表示“每一個(gè)”，every在句子中只能作定語，each能夠作主語、賓語、定語、同位語。Theheadmastershookhandswitheachoftheteacher.(shakehandswith握手)Thestudentstrytosetasidealittlemoneyeachmonth.(setaside節(jié)約)Fromeachaccordingtohisability，toeachaccordingtohisneeds(work)。各盡所能，按需分配。Ihaveeveryreasontobelievethatshecanfinishthejobwell.Thereiseverypossibilityofourwinningthegame.every還慣用在everylittlewhile(每隔一會(huì))，everyotherday，everythreedays(每隔兩天)，everytenmiles(每隔十英里)，everynowandthen(不時(shí))，everyfouryears，everyotherline，oneoutofeverythreestudents.(四)few，afew，little，alittle，many，muchfew，afew，many修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞，little，alittle，much修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞。few，little表示否定，afew，alittle表示必定，much慣用于否定句中。Manyhandsmakelightwork.人多好辦事。(諺)Fewwordsarebest.話少最好。(諺)Theydon‘ttakemuchinterestinit.Iknowlittleaboutit.There‘salittlewaterleftinthejar.FewofthemhavebeentoIndia.I‘vereadafewbookswrittenbyDickens.(五)other，theother，others，theothers，anotherFortypeoplecametothemeeting.TwoofthemwerefromJapan，theothersfromAmerica.Manypeoplecametoattendthemeeting.SomewerefromJapan，otherswerefromAmerica.TheUnitedStates，unlikemanyothercountries，receivesalargenumberofimmigrantseveryyearfromallovertheworld.Thetwinsistersaresoalikethatwefinditdifficulttotellonefromtheother.(so……that如此以至于tellsb.from區(qū)分)Somestudentsarewateringtheflowers，othersareweedingthefields.Thetaskwillbefinishedinanotherthreedays.Fourofthemareintheclassroom.Whatabouttheothers?Pleasegivemeanotherexampletoillustrateyourpoint.Therearethreeapplesonthetable.Oneisformymother，anotherisformyfatherandthethirdisforme.七、it使用方法1.指代一個(gè)人或事物。Itsonlyafifteen-minuteridetomyschool.ItoftenrainsinthesouthofChina.“Whosthat?”“ItsLiming.”Itsearlyspring.2.作句子形式主語，代替不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句。Ittookmefiveminutestofinishreadingtheexercise.Itcostmefiveyuantobuythepen.ThecolorTVsetcostsmemorethan2，000yuan.Ispenttenhoursinfinishingthework.Ispenttwentyyuanontheshirt.Itisnousecryingnow.Youdbetterstudyhardnow.(itisnousedoingsth.)Tohissurprise，itturnedoutthatTomfailedtheentranceexamination.(toonessurprise使某人感到驚奇)Itsapitythatyoudidntwatchthematch.Itisnecessaryforustohavesomeexerciseeveryday.3.作句子形式賓語，代替不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句。Theyallregardittheirdutytohelpthepoorpeople.Idontthinkitworthwhiletakingsomuchtrouble.(Itsworthwhiledoing.做……事是值得)WefinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwithoutpracticing.Ithinkitnousetellingthem.Idontthinkitveryimportantthatweshouldtakepartinthediscussion.(takepartin參加)Hefeelsithisdutytohelpothers.4.組成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是主語，而且主語是人時(shí)，句型中that也能夠換作who.強(qiáng)調(diào)句基本組成itisthat…Itisintheroomthatwemeteachotherforthefirsttime.Itwasnotuntil1936thatbasketballbecameapartoftheOlympicGames.(notuntil直到……才)Itwastheywhoattendedthemeetinglastweek.ItisbecausethebookissousefulformyworkthatIboughtit.考試重點(diǎn)that和those有時(shí)分別用來代表前面提到不可數(shù)名詞和名詞復(fù)數(shù)，以防止重復(fù)。而可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)往往用theone或thatone來代替。that能夠指上面提到事情，this指下面要談事情。不定代詞中，both放在實(shí)意動(dòng)詞前，系動(dòng)詞be后面。every只能跟名詞，each能夠跟名詞也能夠不跟名詞。every在代詞部分要出現(xiàn)當(dāng)每隔……講。few，afew，many修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞，little，alittle，much修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞。few，little表示否定。onetheother，someothers，theothersit使用方法重點(diǎn)就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。it作為形式賓語時(shí)不接is.代詞部分難點(diǎn)之一是名詞型物主代詞與形容詞型物主代詞區(qū)分。顧名思義，形容詞型物主代詞起是形容詞作用，在句子中只能作定語，名詞型物主代詞起是名詞作用，代替上文出現(xiàn)名詞，在句子中通常作主語、賓語、表語等。Letscleantheirroomfirstand______later.A.ourB.usC.weD.ours(答案為D，ours相當(dāng)于ourroom.)代詞部分主要考評(píng)點(diǎn)是不定代詞。如some，any，few，afew，little，alittle，many，much，one，none，all，both，either，neither，each，every，other，another，以及some，any，no，every與body，one，thing組成合成代詞。(1)泛指與特指。如：another，other，others是泛指，theother，theothers是特指。(2)必定是否定。如：afew，alittle，either，some及其合成代詞表示必定，few，little，none，neither，any及其合成代詞表示否定。(3)可數(shù)與不可數(shù)。如：few，afew，many，one修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞，little，alittle，much修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞。代詞部分另一個(gè)考評(píng)點(diǎn)是it.it能夠代替上文出現(xiàn)單數(shù)事物。Thepicturewaschangedwhiledrawnfrommemoryasitpassedthroughtheclass.(it指代thepicture.)ittakessb.sometimetodosth.花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間做某事Ittakeshalfanhourorsotowalktothebusstop.Hemadeitplainthathewasannoyedwithme.it還能夠組成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，即“Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that…”。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人，而且是主語時(shí)，that能夠換成who.強(qiáng)調(diào)句去掉itis/was與that即成為普通句子。ItwaslastnightthatIsawyouintherestaurant.Itwasshewho/thatsuggestedthathegotoNewYorkinordertogetadirectflight.經(jīng)典例題1.“Howoftendoyoutakethemedicine?”“______fourhours.”A.ForB.AnyC.EveryD.Each答案C2.“Isthisbikeyours?”“No，its______.”A.BobB.BobsC.BobsD.Bobs答案C3.“Isthere______goodonTVthisevening?”“Sorry，nothinggood.”A.nothingB.somethingC.anythingD.everything必定句中用something，否定句和疑問句中用anything.答案C4.Youhaveagoodsuggestion，butitsnotaspracticalas_______.A.heB.himC.hisD.her答案C5.Achemistprepareshisexperimentscarefullybeforetryingtocarry_____inhislab.A.itoutB.outitC.themoutD.outthemcarryout實(shí)施賓格放在詞組中間，名詞放在詞組后面。如，carryouthisexperiments答案C6.Nowadays_____seemstoenjoylookingatfatgirls.Thatiswhymanycompanieshavedevelopedspecialfoodstohelppeopletoslim(苗條)。A.everyoneB.anybodyC.somebodyD.nooneenjoydoingsth.anybody在疑問句和否定句中指沒有些人，在必定句中指任何人。答案D7.Youhavetohurryupifyouwanttobuyeggsbecausethereshardly_____left.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everythinghardly否定詞，幾乎不意思。答案A8.Hefeltbadbecausehehaddrunktoo_____thenightbefore.A.manyB.muchC.fewD.little本題主要考查可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。drinktoomuch喝多了toomuchwine太多酒答案B9.Shepromisedherparentstowrite_______whileshewasaway.A.otherdayB.anotherdayC.everyotherdayD.anyotherdayeveryother每隔……答案C10.Itwasterrible.Onepassengerwaskilled，and_____wasbadlyhurt.A.theothersB.restC.therestD.theotherheothers后面謂語動(dòng)詞接復(fù)數(shù)。答案D11.Somepeoplehopetobemoresuccessfulwhile_____simplywanttofeelmorecomfortable.A.theothersB.othersC.theotherD.anothersomefortable舒適答案B12.IfanyonehappenstocallwhileIamoutoftheoffice，pleasehave________leaveamessageforme.A.heB.himC.theyD.themhavesb.dosth.讓某人做某事答案B13.Thefirstthingthatmybrotherand_______didintheearlymorningwastogoouttoseethepony.A.IB.meC.mineD.mypony小馬主語firstthing，謂語動(dòng)詞wastogoouttosee，賓語thepony.答案A14.“Idlikesomemorebananas.”“Imsorry，thereis_______left.”A.noB.someC.fewD.none答案D15.Therearetwowindowsinthisbedroom._______ofthemfacesouth，overlookingabeautifulpark.A.BothB.OneC.ThetwoD.Eithereither開頭謂語動(dòng)詞要接單數(shù)，both謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。答案A16.ThejacketdoesntfitTerry，ashehas_______hugebodyandthejacketis_____small.A.sucha;suchB.sucha;soC.so;soD.so;suchasuch修飾名詞，so修飾形容詞。sohugethebody答案B17.“Whyareyousmiling?”“Oh，Ivejustthoughtof_________.”A.funnysomethingB.somethingfunnyC.nothingfunnyD.funnyanything形容詞修飾不定代詞要放在不定代詞后面。不定代詞：something，anything，somebody，anybody，nothing，nobody.答案B18.Youngbabiescanuse_________handequallywell.A.eitherB.eachC.bothD.every強(qiáng)調(diào)二者之中任何一個(gè)答案A19._______roadoutoftownisgood，butthisoneisbetterthantheother.A.BothB.AllC.NoneD.Neither答案D20.“Ifeltabithungry.”“Whydontyouhave______bread?”A.anyB.someC.littleD.apiece習(xí)語Whydontyouhavesome……答案B21.Itwasatthemusichall_______wemeteachotherforthefirsttime.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.that強(qiáng)調(diào)句答案D22.Moderntechnologyhasmade______possibleforthewholeworldtobecloserthaneverbefore.A.thisB.thatC.itDitsitispossible……是可能答案C23.Itisduringhissparetime_______JohnhasbeenstudyingacourseinFrench.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.whatitis……強(qiáng)調(diào)句答案B24.“HaveyouheardthenewsaboutTom?”“No，what_______?”A.wasitB.weretheyC.aretheyD.isitnews當(dāng)消息講是不可數(shù)名詞答案D25.Iwonderwhy________possibleforyoutodotheworkbyyourself.A.youB.youareC.itisntD.youwereIwonderwhy賓語從句答案C26.“DidAmysparentsleaveheranymoney?”“No，shehastosupport______now.”A.herselfB.byherselfC.allaloneD.onherownsupportoneself養(yǎng)活自己答案A27.In_____ownway，mathematicscanbeascreativeandexcitingaspoetry.A.itB.itsC.theirD.theirsmathematics數(shù)學(xué)(單數(shù))答案B28.Neighborsoughttorespect_______.A.themselvesB.oneanotherC.eachoneD.toeachother答案B29.Thisfurnitureisdifferentfrom_______.A.onesB.yourC.thatoneD.thatfurniture是不可數(shù)名詞，答案D30.For______interestedinnature，thecluboffershikesandovernightcampingeachweekduringthesummer.A.thatB.thisC.theseD.thosehike徒步旅行，overnightcampinng在野外露營(yíng)答案D31.“MayIhelpyouwithsomeshoes，sir?”“Yes，Idliketotryonthosebrown_______.”A.oneB.onesC.twoD.pairshoes是復(fù)數(shù)，對(duì)應(yīng)onestryon試穿答案B32.“DoyoulikethebookSidneygaveyou?”“Verymuch.Itsexactly_______Iwanted.”A.onewhichB.theoneC.onethatD.onewhat下文提到上文提到單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，用theone答案B33.“ShallImailtheletterforyou?”“Yes，Idappreciate________.”A.thatyoudoB.youtodoitC.thisD.it指代前面提到事，用it.答案D34.Thepatientchieflylivedonmilkandfruitbecausehehad______toeat.A.nothingelseB.anythingelseC.somethingotherD.nothingother修飾不定代詞形容詞放在不定代詞后面。liveon以……為生答案A35.________doesntmatterwhatyoudoatthispoint.A.TheyB.AllC.HeD.Ititdoesntmatter沒關(guān)系答案D36.Peoplehaveproved_________tobetruethattheheatwegetfromcoalandoilcomesfromthesun.A.thatB.itC.thisD./it是形式賓語，that從句是真正賓語。答案B37.Idontthink________possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.itB.thatC.thisD.those答案A38.“Wereallthreepeopleinthecarinjuredintheaccident?”“No，______onlythetwopassengerswhogothurt.”A.itwasB.thereisC.itwereD.therewas強(qiáng)調(diào)句答案A39.__________herealizeditwastoolatetoreturnhome.A.NosooneritgrewdarkthanB.HardlyitgrewdarkwhenC.ItwasnotuntildarkthatD.Scarcelyitgrewdarkwhennosonnerthan=assoonas一……就……scarcelywhen=assoonashardlywhen=assoonas答案C40.Itwasnotuntilshearrivedinclass________realizedshehadforgottenherbook.A.andB.whensheC.sheD.thatshenotuntil直到……才答案D41.Itwas______whoarrivedtherefirst，despiteourdetour(繞路)。A.usB.weC.ourD.ours答案B42.Itwas_______thenextmorningthatKuntabegantothinkaboutwherehewasgoing.A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.notuntilafter在……之后before在……之前when當(dāng)……時(shí)候notuntil直到……才答案D43.Itwas_______hegotamapthathestartedonhisaway.A.untilB.tillC.notuntilD.