高考英語語法過去分詞詳解

高考英語語法過去分詞詳解高考英語語法過去分詞詳解/高考英語語法過去分詞詳解高考英語語法過去分詞詳解總述：-ED分詞即我們平時所說的動詞過去分詞。它有兩種形式:規(guī)則動詞形式和不規(guī)則動詞形式。規(guī)則動詞形式由規(guī)則動詞+-ED構成;不規(guī)則動詞有其特其余-ED分詞。在語法功能上,它在句子中所能肩負的成分基本與-ING分詞相同,可以作表語,定語,狀語,也可以用在復合結構中,不論它作什么成分,其最基本的含義是"被動"的。-ED分詞在語法功能和意義上與-ING分詞有必然的差異。第一節(jié)-ED分詞的用法一、-ED分詞作表語Theglassisbroken./Hewasamused./Sheseemedquitedisappointed./Heisgreatlydiscouragedbyherrefusalofinvitinghertotheparty./Thewindowremainslocked.已經(jīng)形容詞化了的-ED分詞多半作表語,常有的有:accomplished,amazed,amused,astonished,broken,closed,completed,complicated,confused,crowded,deserted,devoted,disappointed,discouraged,dressed,drunk,exhausted,excited,experienced,faded,fascinated,frightened,hurt,inexperienced,interested,known,learned,lost,married,pleased,puzzled,qualified,satisfied,surprised,tired,unprepared,unqualified,unknown,upset,worried,wounded等。二、作定語的-ED分詞-ED分詞可以作前置定語也可以作后置定語,作后置定語時相當于一個定語從句Commercialbanksmakemostoftheirincomefrominterestonloansandinvestmentsinstocksandbonds.[A]earn[B]earned[C]toearn[D]wasearnedOnhisreturnfromhiscollege,hefoundthehouse.[A]deserting[B]deserted[C]desert[D]tobedesertedTheage[A]ofageologicalsamplecanbeestimated[B]fromtheratioofradioactivetononradioactivecarbonpresent[C]intheobjectisexamined[D].三、用作狀語的-ED分詞這樣的-ED分詞平時來自及物動詞。-ED分詞用作狀語時,跟-ING分詞作狀語時相同,修飾主句的謂語動詞,意義上相當于狀語從句,表示時間,條件,原由,陪伴狀況等。-ED分詞結構作狀語,前邊常?？梢约觲hen,while,if,asif,though。這時,我們可以把-ED分詞結構理解為一個省略句,即省去了"主語和be的變化形式"。一般說來,這類結構的邏輯主語必然與主句的主語一致。表示時間InauguratedasecondtimeonMarch4,1901,focusedondomesticratherthanforeignpolicies.[A]WilliamMcKinley'snewtermlookedforwardtoand[B]thenewtermlookedforwardtoWilliamMcKinleyand[C]lookingforwardtoanewtermwasWilliamMcKinley[D]WilliamMcKinleylookedforwardtoanewterm2.表示條件underamicroscope,afreshsnowflakehasadelicatesixpointedshape.[A]Seen[B]Sees[C]Seeing[D]Toseetosteel,chromium(鉻)increasesthemetal'shardness.[A]Added[B]Inaddition[C]Adding[D]Addsenoughfoodandwater,theycouldhavebeatentheenemy.[A]Beinggiven[B]Given[C]Give[D]Togive3.表示原由Encouragedbyhismother,.artwasstudiedinFlorencebyJohnSingerSargentFlorencewaswhereJohnSingerSargentstudiedartthestudyofartinFlorencebyJohnSingerSargentJohnSingerSargentstudiedartinFlorence.9)bythedecision,thelawyerquicklyleftthecourtroom.Angering[B]Havingangered[C]Beingangry[D]Angered10)Writteningreathaste,.Jimmadealotofmistakesinthereport[B]thereareplentyoferrorsinthereportwefoundseveralmistakesinhisreport[D]thebooksisfulloferrors.4.表示陪伴狀況:-ED分詞結構作狀語表示陪伴狀況時,沒有合適的分句可替換wasnotincorporatedasacityuntilalmosttwocenturieslater,in1834.[A]SettlingBrooklyn,theDutch[B]TheDutchsettledBrooklyn[C]BrooklynwassettledbytheDutch[D]SettledbytheDutch,BrooklynAnnawasreadingapieceofsciencefiction,completelytotheoutsideworld.[A]beinglost[B]havinglost[C]losing[D]lost5.表示退步FrancisPrestonBlair,Jr.,borninKentucky,livedandpracticedlawinMissouri.[A]was[B]hewas[C]although[D]whohewas6.表示結果inallpartsofthestate,pinesarethemostcommontreesinGeorgia.Found[B]Findingthem[C]Tofindthem[D]Theyarefound7.表示目的Theyshouldbekeptherethismatter.[A]informingabout[B]beinformed[C]beinformedof[D]informedof8.表示背景和襯托Knownforhercaricatures(漫畫)oftheUnitedStatessociety,.[A]PeggyBrownwroteandillustratedbooksforchildren[B]thewritingandillustratingofbooksforchildrenbyPeggyBrown[C]children'sbookswerewrittenandillustratedbyPeggyBrown[D]PeggyBrown'swritingandillustratingofchildren'sbooksWellknownasasplendidpianistinBoston,.weallarepleasedtohearMr.Anderson'sconcerto(小協(xié)奏曲)aconcertowascomposedbyMr.AndersonMr.AndersoncomposedaconcertoMr.Anderson'sconcertowascomposed四、-ED分在復合構中Don'tgetyourschedulechanged;staywithusinthisclass.Peterhadhisgasandelectricityturnedonwhenhemovedintohisnewapartmentlastmonth.Hekepthismouthshutandstayedwherehewas他.(口不言,呆在原地不。)Theyaretalkingabouttheexperimentmadeinthenewlab.五、獨立構假如-ED分短與-ING短有與句子主不一樣樣的主,即本短自己自己有主,就構成了獨立構(也叫獨立主格構或垂構),種構也可作狀表示,原由等。有在獨立構前可加介with或without。Hereyesfilledwithtears,shedidnotnoticehiscoming.18)This,wewentouttoplay.[A]wasdone[B]did[C]wasdong[D]doneallhisfollowersdead,thecommanderwastakenbyhisenemy.[A]For[B]As[C]Becauseof[D]With六、例解析B正確答案?？諜n前是一圓滿的句子,在沒有的狀況下,不可以填補A和D;依據(jù)意,"利息"是"通?(被)來的",有被之意,因此B。B正確答案。此句的意思是"房子"被"棄,沒人住",是被的意,而A和C都不切合一點。D是不定式,一般表示未來或詳盡作,因此D也不。3)D。去掉節(jié)余的"is",使-ED分"examined"作后置定修"object"。C并無。"present"是形容,它與后邊的成分構成形容短修限制前面的"theratio?carbon"。D正確答案。句前半句的-ED分相當于一個狀從句"Whenhewasinauguratedasecondtime主句?的",主當是人,因此A和D可能,但A中的lookforwardto后跟名,那么只有D正確。A正確答案。本句的意思是"在微下看,雪花??",然里的看是"被察"之。B、C、D都表示主,A正確。A正確答案。(同上)B正確答案。(同上)D正確答案。四其中,只有D的主"JohnSingerSargent"(人名),而只有人材能被"encouraged"(激勵),也就是,只有D中的主能充當空白前-ED分短的主。D正確答案?？瞻字缓糜?ED分才可和后邊的"by"短生系,并且其主和主句主一致。D正確答案。本句的意思是"因為(被)寫得急,??",因此A和C不。然B中的主"plentyoferrors"與"written"上可以呼,但與"inthegreathaste"不一致。"Writteningreathaste"的主是"thebooks"。因此D正確。11)D正確答案。從上下文看,空檔的主是表示重點的名("asacity"),那么A不;B和C都是一分句,而空檔后是部分,它不作正確。D正確答案。C正確答案。A。本句的主pines(松),就除去了B,因-ING分表主,而"松"不可以能是"找"(find)個作的主,即作出者。故只有A"found"(被)的主與"pines"一致,A。D正確答案。A正確答案?？諜n前是-ED分短,空檔是主俱全句,除去B和D。從-ED分短中(Knownforher?)可知,主句的主是人而不是物,因此C也不。C正確答案。(同上)D正確答案。A是不的,假如we前加上and,才能A。D正確答案。不定式、-ING分和-ED分三者的關系一、不定式與-ING分的區(qū)作,-ING分表示抽象的、一般性或性的和性的作,而不定式表示某次詳盡作,特是未來的作Ilikeplayingfootball.Iwouldliketoplayfootballthisafternoon.1)Theschoolcannottolerateonexams.cheating[B]tocheat[C]becheated[D]beingcheated2)Newsofsuccesskeepsin.pouring[B]topour[C]poured[D]tobepouring3)Long[A]beforethedawn[B]ofrecorded[C]history,humanscelebratedtoharvest[D]theircrops.作定語時,-ING表示正在進行的動作,用-ING的完成時表示動作的完成;不定式表示未來發(fā)生WewereoverjoyedatthenewsofChinaanotherman-madesatellite.[A]havinglaunched[B]tohavelaunched[C]tolaunch[D]launchedTheapplicantsinterviewing[A]arerequiredto[B]bringallthenecessarypapers[C]twodayslater[D].Sorghum(高梁)leaves[A]occasionallycontain[B]enoughhydrocyanicacidkilling[C]livestock(牲口)[D].3.當謂語動詞是進行時的時候,用不定式而不用-ING分詞作賓語IconsideredemployingMr.WangbutIdecidedthatMr.Chenwasmoresuitedtothejob.在remember,forget等詞后,假如跟-ING分詞,表示-ING分詞的動作發(fā)生在主要謂語以前;假如跟不定式則表示不定式的動作發(fā)生在主要謂語動作此后Iremembertellingherthatlastnight.("告訴"發(fā)生在"記得"以前)Herememberedtotellherthatwhenshecameback.("記得"發(fā)生在"告訴"以前)I'msorryIforgottogiveyouthemessage.主(語動詞表示的動作"忘掉"發(fā)生在不定式表示的動作"給帶口信"以前)Why!Ihavesuchabadmemory.Iforgotgivingthemessagelastnight.(-ING分詞表示的動作"給帶口信"發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作"忘掉"以前)stop,goon和leaveoff此后跟接不定式和-ING分所表達的意有所不一樣樣Theystopped(talking)towork.[停下(其余作)來工作]Theystoppedworking.[停下工作(來干其余作)]Workerswentondiscussingtheproblem.工[人一]Workerswentontodiscusstheproblem.[工人停下來其余事,一]Heleftoffwriting.[他停下寫作(去干其余事)]Heleftofftowrite.[他停下(其余事)來寫作]?usedto后跟不定式和-ING分,后跟不定式有兩種狀況:一種是usedto是固定用法表示"去常干??";其余一種狀況是use的被"beused"后跟不定式;后跟-ING分的狀況有一種,那就是當usedto中的used是形容,to后跟名或-ING分7)Whenhewasintheplasticplant,hetogetherwiththeworkers.[A]hasworked[B]hadworked[C]hadbeenworked[D]usedtoworkYouwillsoonthisclimateandthenthechangesintemperaturewillnotaffectyou.[A]getusedto[B]getto[C]getover[D]getonwithMr.Andersonusedtojogging[A]inthecrispmorning[B]airduring[C]thewintermonths[D],butnowhehasstopped.7.一般狀況下,for后跟接theretobe,而of后跟接therebeingItisfairlycommoninAfricaforthereanensembleofexpertmusicianssurroundedbyotherswhojoininbyclapping,singing,orsomehowaddingtothetotalityofmusicalsound.[A]tobe[B]being[C]tohavebeen[D]havingbeen8.be+形容后邊要跟不定式作狀,而不用-INGItisverydifficulttomanagethecompany.二、-ING分詞與-ED分詞的差異固然在語法功能上,-ED分詞在句子中所能肩負的成分基本與-ING分詞相同,但在乎義上二者有差異:-ING分詞表示主動的意義,而-ED分詞則表示被動的意義;-ING分詞表示一般性的或正在進行的動作,而-ED分詞則表示已經(jīng)完成和被動的動作。在表現(xiàn)形式上,-ING分詞有"一般式"和"完成式"與"主動式"和"被動式"之分;而-ED分詞只有一種形式。下面我們解析-ING分詞與-ED分詞在語法功用上的差異。1.作表語時,-ING分詞表示主語所擁有的特色而-ED分詞表示主語所處的狀態(tài)Thebookisquiteinteresting.Iaminterestedinthebookverymuch.TheplayismoreexcitingthananyIhaveeverseen.Thatpieceoflandlaydeserted.作狀語時-ING分詞表示主語正在進行的另一動作而-ED分詞則表示主語發(fā)生動作的背景或狀況11)Inhismovies,W.C.Fieldswasalwaysatwarwiththeworld,.battlingbothpeopleandobjectsbothpeopleandobjectswerebattledhewasbattlingbothpeopleandobjectsbothpeopleandobjectsthatwerebattled13)Havingbeenservedlunch,.theproblemwasdiscussedbythemembersofthecommitteethecommitteemembersdiscussedtheproblemitwasdiscussedbythecommitteememberstheproblemadiscussionoftheproblemwasmadebythemembersofthecommitteeforheranthropologicalresearch,MargaretMeadalsowasinvolvedwiththeWorldFederationforMentalHealth.[A]Sheisnotedprimarily[B]Notedprimarily[C]Primarilyisnoted[D]Sheprimarilynoted14)ConsideredoneoftheleadingpoetsinAmericatoday,.anumberofbooksandplayshavealsobeenwrittenbySoniaSanchezSoniaSanchezhasalsowrittenanumberofbooksandplaysanumberofSoniaSanchez'sbooksandplayshavebeenwrittentherehavebeenanumberofbooksandplayswrittenbySoniaSanchez①作定語時,-ING分詞表示正在進行的動作,而-ED分詞表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞以前;②-ING分詞表示它所修飾的詞常?；虍敃r的狀態(tài),而-ED分詞則沒有時間性;③-ING分詞表示主動,而-ED分詞表示被動Theboiled[A]pointofanyliquid[B]isdetermined[C]bythepressure[D]ofthesurroundinggases.High-grade[A]written[B]paperisfrequently[C]obtained[D]fromcottonrags.Scientists[A]stillcannotfind[B]anyconvinced[C]linkbetweenintelligenceandthequantityorqualityofbraincells.但少量幾個動詞的-ED分詞,有兩種形式并且在乎義上有差異,如:bear的-ED分詞有born和borne之分,前者只用于"出生"的意義,此后者用于"負擔","負荷","肩負"和"傳達"之意Iwasbornin1966.Hisborneresponsibilitytothewholeworkersofthefactoryisreallygreat.再如:hang的-ED分詞也有兩種,一是hung,另一形式是hanged,前者表示"懸掛",后者表示"吊死,絞死"。s