2017考研英語1答案一跨考版

2017年考研英語一及參考答案&解析 Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?Theanswermaybearesounding"yes!"（1helyoufeelcloseand（2topeopleyoucareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa（3）ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandmind.Believeitornot,awarmembracemightevenhelpyou（4）gettingsickthiswinter.Inarecentstudy （5）over400healthyadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs （6）theparticipants'susceptibilitytodevelothecommoncoldafterbeing （7）tothe .Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome （8）withacold,andtheresearchers thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging （10）about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect. （11）amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere "Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe（13）riskforcoldsthat'susually（14withstress,"notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie,Hugging"isamarkerofintimacyandhelp（15）thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp（16）difficulty."Someexperts（17thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtothereleaseofoxytocin,oftencalled"thebondinghormone"（18）itpromotesattaentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmothersandtheirnewbornbabies.Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.Butsomeofit （19）inthebrain,whereit（20）mood,behaviorand 16.A．inthenameof B．intheformof C．inthefaceof D．inthewayof 【答案】【答案】【解析】本題實為邏輯關(guān)系題。根據(jù)句子前后結(jié)構(gòu)“helyoufeelcloseand（2）”，【答案】【答案】【解析根據(jù)題干信“awarmembracemightevenhelpyou “evenAao（避免Boe（忘記Ceca（回憶Dee（保持A【答案】A．collecting（收集）B．a(chǎn)ffecting（影響）C．guiding(引導)D．involving（涉及、卷入義，應該表達400人”的研究。因此正確D【答案】【解析】本題為固定搭配。根據(jù)句義“examinedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs（6）theparticipants'…”考查固定搭配“examinedtheeffects…onsth”因此，本題正確選項為A?！敬鸢浮俊窘馕觥扛鶕?jù)句義“commoncoldafterbeing（7）tothe 菌之后發(fā)生的。”結(jié)合選項含義A．devoted（致力于）B．a(chǎn)ttracted（吸引）C．lost（丟失）D．exposed(于)，D選項“在細菌中…”符合文意?！敬鸢浮緾．comedownwith（得病， ）D．comeoutwith（ ，與cold（感冒）搭配，C選項“得感冒”搭配最為合理。【答案】【解析】本題為動詞與賓語從句搭配問題。根據(jù)原文“heeseachers （9）hthees-educngeecsofhuing （10bout32pecntofhatbnecaleec項含義A．a(chǎn)ined（想像）B．dend（否認）C．doued（懷疑）D．cacuaed（計算，推測）項D。10A．servedB．restoredC．ex【答案】【解析】本題為動詞含義考查。根據(jù)文thestress-reducingeffectsof（10）about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect.”本題同樣考查研究人員做出的研究結(jié)果，因此，結(jié)合選項含義A．served（服務）B．restored（）C．exined（解釋）D．required【答案】【解析】本題為邏輯關(guān)系題。A．hus（因此，表示因果關(guān)系）B．ll（仍然，表示強調(diào)關(guān)系）C．a(chǎn)her（相反，表示對比關(guān)系）D．ven（甚至，表示遞進關(guān)系）D。【答案】theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere（12）選詞severe構(gòu)成合理搭配，再結(jié)合前【答案】【解析】本題為形容詞修飾。根據(jù)原文"Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfrom（13）riskforcoldsthat'susually （14）withstress,"，需要選擇一個形容詞來修飾【答案】【解析】此題為固定搭配題。ABwith連接。C．a(chǎn)ssociatedwith連因此，本題正確選項為C.【答案】【解析】此題考查動賓搭配。根據(jù)原文“Huggingisamarkerofintimacyand feeling…thefeeling”產(chǎn)生感覺搭配最為合理。因此正選為B。16A．inthenameofB．intheformofC．inthefaceofD．intheway【答案】【解析】此題為短語搭配題。分析選A．inthenameof（以…為名）B．intheform應為“面對”搭配最為合理。因此，正確選項為C。【答案】【解析】此題為固定搭配題。即：attributesthtosth.因此正確選【答案】然）D．until（oftencalled"thebondinghormone"（18）itpromotesattaentinrelationships,（經(jīng)常被稱之為“形成親密關(guān)系的”….它促進）B【答案】【解析】本題為動詞辨析。選項含義為A．remains（仍然）B．emerges（出現(xiàn)（）D．decreases（減少）結(jié)合語境信息“Butsomeofit （19）inthebrain,”C和D選項跟文章含義相反。而B選項只表示一種動作。A選項表示它仍然在大腦里存在，最符合文章要求，因此正確選項為A。where （20）mood,behaviorand【答案】【解析】本題為動詞辨析。選項含義為A．experiences（經(jīng)歷）B．combines（結(jié)合（替辯護，證明合理）D．influences（影響。根據(jù)原文語境，“whereit（20）moodbehaviorandphysiology.有D“影響”因此正確選項為D。SectionⅡReadingPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）Text1Firsttwohours,nowthreehours—thisishowfarinadvance mendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorairportswithincreasinglymassivesecurityAmericansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityprotocolsinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmericans'economicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons—bothfakeandreal—pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingeconomyandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajorairportssuchasChicago'sO'HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhas e—butthelinesarePartoftheissueisthattheernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontravelerswhoarehigherrisk,savingtimeforeveryoneinvolved.TSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock:Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck'sfatalflaw. ingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintongsodirectly,byheltofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentioned inAmerican’stoleranceofcurrentsecuritystresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityhighlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorU.S.emphasizetheimportanceofprivacyWhichofthefollowingcontributestolongwaitsatmajorNewrestrictionsoncarry-onThedecliningefficiencyoftheAnincreaseinthenumberofFrequentunexpectedsecretTheword“expedited”(Liner4,Para.5)isclosetinmeaningOneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramadramaticreductionofitsitswrongly-directed ernment’sreluctancetobackanunreasonablepriceforWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitlefortheLessScreeningforMorePreCheck–aBelatedGettingStuckinSecurityUnderusedPreCheck答案【A】 inAmerican’stoleranceofcurrentsecurity thecrashofEgyptAir arewillingtotolerate的原詞復現(xiàn)，currentsecuritychecks是原文的time-consumingsecurity的同義轉(zhuǎn)化。干擾項B的urgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide，原文未干擾；選項D的privacy隱私并未提及，是 答案【C】Anincreaseinthenumberof內(nèi)容就是提升的安全措施以及航空旅游的增加。正確答案CanincreaseinthenumberoftravelersariseinairlinetravelAcarry-onbagsBTSAefficiency也出現(xiàn)在第四段；選項Dunexpectedsecretchecks未提及。答案【D】 上下文邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)題干，定位到第5段第3句，“Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreening項C更廣泛，都無關(guān)，屬于 答案【D】anunreasonablepricefor problemwiththePreCheckprogram定位到倒數(shù)第二段的第二句話thispricetaghasbeenthePreCheck’sfatalflaw.本句中的代詞this代詞指代本段第一句話，說的是Passengers必須每五年pay85來做其錯誤的執(zhí)行屬于過度推理，選項C不愿意支持是對原文的曲解。答案【C】GettingStuckinSecurity解析：本題目為全文主旨題。全文的中心出現(xiàn)在第一段和二段首句的范圍。第一段介紹事實背景，第二段首句提及了人對于安全檢查方面的狀況，并在下文提及了所出現(xiàn)的問題。正確答案C安檢流程線陷入困境是對原文的總結(jié)概括。干擾AScreening是原文的具體細節(jié)BDPreCheck是原文最后三Text“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,”wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii'slastreigningmonarch,in1897.StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday. shaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity'sviewofthecosmos.AtissueistheTMT'snnedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld'smostpowerfulescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea'speakrisesabovethebulkofournet'sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.OppositiontoescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentalistshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectfarsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheireagernesstobuildbiggerescopes,theyforgotthatscienceisnottheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea'sfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheislands'inhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast；itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaii'sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.CallstodisassembleallescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizetheescope’svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.TolimitthenumberofescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.Thereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbe edonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.QueenLiliuokalani’sremarkinParagraph1herconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleoftheimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.[C]theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.[D]herappreciationofstarwatchers’featsinherMaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueitsgeographicalitsprotectiveitsreligiousitsexistingTheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlyitmayriskruiningtheir lectualitremindsthemofahumiliatingtheirculturewillloseachanceoftheyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintoday’sisfulfillingthedreamsofancienthelpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrossthemayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianwilleventuallysoftenHawaiians’Theauthor’sattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisoneseverepassiveslightfull答案【B】theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiian解析：本題目為具體細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的QueenLiliuokalaniremark定位indicate的內(nèi)容是在第一段的第二句話，意思是觀星者是在HawaiianBtheimportanceofastronomy是原文starwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembers的總結(jié)概括，inancientHawaiiansociety是原文的原詞出現(xiàn)。Ahistoricalrole屬于原文信息的曲解，選Cregrettabledecline未提及，過度推Dinhertime，是她評ancient答案【A】itsgeographical解析：本題目為具體細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的大寫字MaunaKea，以及idealastronomicalsite定位到第二But后面的內(nèi)容。But后面MaunaKea是世界上最有力量的望遠鏡home。本題目問的是原因，定位到本段最后一句，這里提到MaunaKea的頂峰高于大部分的濃密大氣層。Ageographicalfeatures就是地質(zhì)特色的意思，屬于同義替換。干擾項B的受保護的周邊環(huán)境未提及，是性干擾；答案【B】itremindsthemofahumiliating解析：本題目屬于原因細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干theconstructionoftheTMT以及opposedbysomelocals定位到第四段第二句，這里提到apainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation，對曾經(jīng)主權(quán)國家遭占領(lǐng)的痛苦提醒。選項B中的remind是原文的原詞復現(xiàn)，ahumiliatinghistory（令人的歷史）是theoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation的同義轉(zhuǎn)化及總結(jié)概括。答案【C】mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiian解析：本題目屬于細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第5段，progressintoday’s這句。先看首句無答案，看本句提到，或許那就是我們探索星際空間的原因，好像會回答有關(guān)我們自己及我們真正祖先的最原始回答。選Cmay是對原文asif的解uncover同義替answer，theoriginofHawaiiancultureourselvesandourtrueancestralhomesAdreamsB的Hawaiianculture本段有提及，但未acrosstheworld，干D的softenhostility答案【D】full句d,alsnotelharonoynawaioda.作個ady境了 sheeupdorconuconofhehyeer escopeM,aantobseaoyhatpoisesoeouonzehuan'siwofhecoos， 以后一句里也有作者態(tài)度的線索heresnoeaonhyeeonecanotbe edonaunaeaoebacehercuualheaeandoudyhear.意思是說有人跑到你受 ， 經(jīng)點了noeaon和cannt產(chǎn)uualheae的每一個人eeone。具體到這篇文章，他們的文化遺產(chǎn)在第五段和。是。TextRobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry'sGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile.”WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyed makersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK’sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareWhileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomies todecline.Yetthisisn’tthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivileequalityandThisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofacountry’ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.SowhatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityores–allthingsthatcontributeto 'ssenseofwell-ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butmakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeRobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe[A]praisedtheUKforitsGDP.[B]identifiedGDPwithhappiness.[C]misinterpretedtheroleofGDP.[D]hadalowopinionofGDP.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern.[B]theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy.[C]GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedinthe makersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoWhichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?[A]ItexcludesGDPasanindicator.[B]Itissponsoredby163countries.[C]Itscriteriaarequestionable.[D]Itsresultsareenlightening.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat[A]theUKispreparingforaneconomicboom.[B]highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline.[C]itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP.[D]itrequirescautiontohandleeconomicWhichofthefollowingisthebestforthetext?[A]HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKlesson[B]GDPfigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomic[C]RobertF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDP[D]Brexit,theUK’sGatewaytoWell-being答案【D】hadalowopinionof解析：題目問的是Robert被是因為什么。根據(jù)題目中的人名定位到第一段第一句話RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry'sGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile.”GDP可以衡量所有東西，除了讓生活有RobertGDP持不欣賞的態(tài)度。Dalowopinion不高的評價，顯然是對原文的概括性描述，因此選D。答案【C】GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedinthe解析：題目明確說了從第二段中找答案。Aeconomicpattern在原文中沒有直接的表達，但在二段末句peoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?中，原文有提到人們投票脫歐，盡管有很多人警告他們這A中的reluctant不情愿不相符。B選項中英國對世界經(jīng)濟的貢獻問題，在第二段中完全沒提，只有theUK’sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworldGDP讓西方世界嫉妒的表述。C選項說GDP用來衡量的作用以及被英國人普遍否定了。原文中第二段第二句說itisaflawedconceptGDPItmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdoGDP其實忽視了很多關(guān)鍵的東西，并不能衡量。第四句、UKGDP很好，但是人們卻要脫歐來改變現(xiàn)狀，暗示人們的生活GDPC選項正好形成正話反說，為正確選項。D選項makers在第二段第一句出現(xiàn)，并不存在所謂英國的makers，更沒有談過其是否關(guān)注GDP。答案【D】Itsresultsare解析：這題根據(jù)題干中的recentannualstudy定位到第三段第一句Arecentannualstudyandshedssomelightonthatquestionshedlighton短語就是照亮，闡釋的意思，跟D選項中的enlighten啟發(fā)是同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此為正確答案。答案【C】itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyond···,asameasure,itisnolongerenoughGDPItdoesnotincludeimportantfactors·thatcontributetoa'ssenseofwell-being說明GDP沒有包含所有個人的要素。最后一段最后一句Butmakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress.也明確說了制定政策的GDPCfactorsbeyond解析：第一段第一句就名人名言，說 是不靠譜的，第二句就拿英國脫歐舉例，itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto咱們要好好聽聽。第二段繼續(xù)說英國GDP高，但是人們要搞事——脫歐，說明人們?nèi)兆硬籭ndicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshave todecline。第五段直接說富裕國家要引以為戒：Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn。所以整篇文章的就是GDP不靠譜，福利不給力不行，英國脫歐是例證。A選項正好包括了這三個要素，HighGDPInadequateWell-beingaUKlessonATextInarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconvictionofaformerVirginiaernor,RobertMcDonnell.Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariAuto froma seekingaccesstoernment.Thehighcourt’sdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnell’strailfailedto lajurythatitmustlookonlyathis“officialacts,”ortheformer ernor’sdecisionson“specific”and“unsettled”issuesrelatedtohisduties.Merelyhel agift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclearintenttopressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound.Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdoorsis“distasteful”and“nasty.”Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotan“officialact.”Thecourt’srulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnotcriminal.Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucraticproblemswithoutfearofprosecutionofbribery.“Thebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativeernment,”wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertsforthecourt,“assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirButtherulingrein stheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofaccessto ernment.Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoyfavoritesinprovidinginformationorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroupprovidesa ndonationora algift.Thistypeofintegrityrequireswill-en dlawsin ernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformationabouteachelectedleader’ssourceofwealth.Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.Butitisnotalwayscorruption.Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessforaveragepeopleandthewealthy.Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocraticsociety–thatallareequalintreatmentby ernment-isundermined. ernmentrestsonanunderstandingoftheinherentworthofeachThecourt’srulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficialfavoritism.Theunderlinedsentence(Para.1)mostprobablyshowsthattheavoideddefiningtheextentofMcDonnell’smadenocompromiseinconvictingwascontemptuousofMcDonnell’srefusedtocommentonMcDonnell’sAccordingtoParagraph4,anofficialactisdeemedcorruptiveonlyifitconcretereturnsforgift-sizablegainsintheformofleakingsecretsbreakingcontractsThecourt’srulingisdontheassumptionthatpublicofficialsallowedtofocusontheconcernsoftheirqualifiedtodealindependentlywithbureaucraticjustifiedinaddressingtheneedsoftheirexemptfromconvictiononthechargeofWell- dlaws ernmenttransparencyareneededawakentheconscienceofguarantee yinofficialallowforcertainkindsofinspirehopesinaverageTheauthor’sattitudetowardthecourt’sruling Theunderlinedsentence(para.1)，可以快速的回到原文精確定位到第一段的劃線句子，Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariAuto froma accessto ernment.聯(lián)系文章第一句話，雖然 沒有判定RobertMcDonnell 但是holdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,即，在道德上卻對他的行為嗤之以鼻。由此可以鎖定C選項中的wascontemptuousof 其實非常輕視RobertMcDonnell的行為。文章的D選項中出現(xiàn)ethics，原文中相同的詞，可能會 從道德的標準評論RobertMcDonnell的行為。答案【B】sizablegainsintheformofButunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotan“officialact.”可以知道，對的定義是，只有者給予了者實際的好處，例如acontractorregulation,如果提供的不是具體的好處，僅僅只是：arrangingameetingmakingaphonecall,orhostinganevent,那么這種行為就不是。由此可以得出答案為A.答案【A】allowedtofocusontheconcernsoftheir解析：根據(jù)題干中的Thecourt’srulingisdontheassumption可以鎖定文章的第五段，“Thebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativeernment,”wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertsforthecourt,assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns.”可以知道，的裁定是建立聽取其選民的意見，按照他們的利益行事。所以原文中的constituents對應A選項的supporters，支持者。所以答案選擇A答案【B】guaranteefairyinofficial解析：根據(jù)題干中的Well-endlawsinernmenttransparency可以鎖定文章的第六段Thistypeofintegrityrequireswill-endlawsinernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformationabouteachelectedleader’ssource系緊密，因而可以追溯到這一段的第一句話，Buttherulingreinstheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofaccesstoernment.力度需要加強市民及其當選代表，而不是獲得接近的的機會。equalityB選項的fairy相對應，因此選B.答案【D】解析：本題 的是態(tài)度題，從文中最后一句話:Thecourt’srulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficialfavoritism.可以看出作者認為 astepforward，，因此可以看出作者對此的態(tài)度是supportive.sarcastic:尖酸的，挖苦的； PartBThefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.Forquestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsBandDhavebeencorrectly ced.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（10Thefirstpublishedsketch,"ADinneratPolarWalk"broughttearstoDickens'seyeswhenhediscovereditinthepagesofTheMonthlyMagazineFromthenonhissketches,whichappearedunderthepenname"Boz"inTheEveningChronicle,earnedhimamodestreputation.TherunawaysuccessofThePickwickPapers,asitisgenerallyknowntoday,securedDickens'sfame.TherewerePickwickcoatsandPickwickcigars,andtheplump,spectacledhero,SamuelPickwick,becauseanationalfigure.SoonafterSketchesbyBozappeared,apublishingfirmapproachedDickenstowriteastoryinmonthlyinstallments,asabackdropforaseriesofwoodcutsbythethen-famous Seymour,whohadoriginatedtheideaforthestory.Withcharacteristicconfidence,DickenssuccessfullyinsistedthatSeymour'spicturesillustratehisownstoryinstead.Afterthefirstinstallment,Dickenswrotetothe andaskedhimtocorrectadrawingDickensfelt,wasnotfaithfulenoughtohisprose.Seymourmadethechange,wentintohisbackyard,andexpressedhisdispleasurebycommittingsuicide.Dickensandhispublisherssimplypressedonwithanew.Thecomicnovel,ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub,appearedseriallyin1836and1837andwasfirstpublishedinbookformin1837.CharlesDickensisprobablythebest-knownand,tomanypeople,thegreatestEnglishnovelistofthe19thcentury.Amoralist,satirist,andsocialreformer,DickenscraftedcomplexplotsandstrikingcharactersthatcapturethepanoramaofEnglishsociety.Soonafterhisfather'sreleasefromprison,Dickensgotabetterjobaserrandboyinlawoffices.HetaughthimselfshorthandtogetanevenbetterjoblaterasacourtstenographerandasareporterinParliament.Atthesametime,Dickens,whohadareporter'seyefortranscribingthelifearoundhim,especiallyanythingcomicorodd,submittedshortsketchestoobscuremagazines.DickenswasborninPortsmouth,onEngland'ssoutherncoast.HisfatherwasaclerkintheBritishNavyPayoffice--arespectableposition,butwithlittlesocialstatus.Hispaternalgrandparents,astewardandahousekeeper,possessedevenlessstatus,havingbeenservants,andDickenslaterconcealedtheirbackground.Dicken'smothersupposedlycamefromamorerespectablefamily.YettwoyearsbeforeDicken'sbirth,hismother'sfatherwascaughtstealingandfledtoEurope,nevertoreturn.Thefamily'sincreasingpovertydDickensoutofschoolatage12toworkinWarren'sBlackingWarehouse,ashoe-polishfactory,wheretheotherworkingboysmockedhimas"theyounggentleman."Hisfatherwasthenimprisonedfordebt.Thehumiliationsofhisfather'simprisonmentandhislaborintheblackingfactoryformedDickens'sgreatestwoundandbecamehisdeepestsecret.Hecouldnotconfidethemeventohiswife,althoughtheyprovidetheunacknowledgedfoundationofhisfiction.AfterPickwick,Dickensplungedintoableakerworld.InOliverTwist,hetracesanorphan'sprogressfromtheworkhousetothecriminalslumsofLondon.NicholasNickleby,hisnextnovel,combinesthedarknessofOliverTwistwiththesunlightofPickwick.ThepopularityofthesenovelsconsolidatedDickens'asanationallyandinternationallycelebratedmanofletters.【答案】41題取決于給出的首段D選線。D選項起到統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全文的作用，主要對進以及他的作FDickenswasborninPortsmouth,onEngland'ssoutherncoast，各位考生要把握wasborn出生這個。因此，41題選擇F選項?！敬鸢浮俊窘馕觥恳胱龀?2題，關(guān)鍵是理解41F選項，尤其是F選項的后面一部分。我們真研讀F選項的后半段一直在介紹童年經(jīng)歷中他父親所起到的作用，介紹他的父親由后面。所以，42題選擇E選項。【答案】最后一句是Atthesametime,Dickens,whohadareporter'seyefortranscribingthelifearoundhim,especiallyanythingcomicorodd,submittedshortsketchestoobscuremagazines，大概意思 magazine中基本的素材梗概sketches，瀏覽各選項的首句，很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)A