初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句學(xué)案

一、定語(yǔ)從句概念在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾名詞或代詞叫_______,定語(yǔ)從句通常放在________后面。二、定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞關(guān)于系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,常見(jiàn)關(guān)系代詞包含that,which,who(賓格whom,全部格whose)等,關(guān)系副詞包where,when,why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用,同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句主要成份。三、定語(yǔ)從句分類(lèi)依照定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系,定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi),從句不可省去,非限制性定語(yǔ)從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開(kāi),起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。四、關(guān)系代詞使用方法1.that既能夠用于指人,也能夠用于指物。在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略,作賓語(yǔ)可省略。比如:___________________________________________.瑪麗喜歡輕柔音樂(lè)。(that作____)Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue.________________________。(that作_____)2.which用于指物,在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)不可省略,作賓語(yǔ)可省略。比如:Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.____________。(作_____)__________________________________.我們昨天晚上看那部電影很好看。(作賓語(yǔ))3.who,whom用于指人,who用作__語(yǔ),whom用作___語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中,有時(shí)可用who代替whom,也可省略。比如:ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland._______________________。(作__語(yǔ))Whoistheteacher(whom)LiMingistalkingto?____________________________________?(作_語(yǔ))注意:(1)當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時(shí),who,that,which可省略,但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí),只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。比如:Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.___________________________________。PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel._______________________________。(2)含有介詞固定動(dòng)詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來(lái)位置上。比如:Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor._______________________________________。(3)that作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞不能放它前面,只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞后面。比如:Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.___________________________________。(4)關(guān)系詞只能用that情況:a.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.比如:Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一個(gè)經(jīng)過(guò)考試人。b.被修飾先行詞為all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代詞時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.比如:Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?你在商店里有什么東西要買(mǎi)嗎?c.先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.比如:ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.這就是我丟那輛自行車(chē)。d.先行詞里同時(shí)含有些人或物時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.比如:IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見(jiàn)到人和一些照片。e.以who或which引導(dǎo)特殊疑問(wèn)句,為防止重復(fù),只能用that.比如:Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?正在哭泣那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)?f.主句是therebe結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句用that,而不用which.比如:ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本書(shū)是湯姆。(5)關(guān)系詞只能用which,而不用that情況:a.先行詞為that,those時(shí),用which,而不用that.比如:What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?在桌子底下那些東西是什么?b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),通慣用which,而不用that.比如:Thisistheroominwhichhelives.這是他居住房間。c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,用which,而不用that.比如:Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.湯姆回來(lái)了,這使我們很高興。五、關(guān)系副詞使用方法(1)when指時(shí)間,其先行詞表示時(shí)間,在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。比如:Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.這是他抵達(dá)時(shí)間。(2)where指地點(diǎn),其先行詞表示地點(diǎn),在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。比如:Thisistheplacewhereheworks.這是他工作地點(diǎn)。(3)why指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語(yǔ)作用。比如:Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.沒(méi)人知道他為何上學(xué)總遲到。I.單項(xiàng)填空。1.-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather?-Yes,he’sourheadmaster.A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom2.Isthistheriver_____Icanswim?A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.theone3.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_____Iknow.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.it4.Canyoulendmethedictionary______theotherday?A.thatyouboughtB.youboughtitC.thatyouboughtitD.whichyouboughtit5.Anyone______withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.A.whichagreesB.whoagreeC.whoagreesD.whichagree6.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.A.thatB.itC.whichD.who7.Theman______coatisblackiswaitingatthegateA.who’sB.whoseC.thatofwhich.8.Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.A.which;isB.whom;wasC.who;isD.who;was9.Iloveplaces______thepeoplearereallyfriendly.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.who10.Theworld______ismadeupofmatter.A.inthatweliveB.onwhichweliveC.whereweliveinD.weliveinⅡ.用適當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom填空。1.Thefirstthing______youmustdoistohaveameal.2.April1stistheday_____iscalledAprilFool’sDayinthewest.3.Thefamily_____hadlosteverythinginabigfiregotmuchhelpfromtheirfriends.4.Thehouse_____weliveinisveryold.5.Didn’tyouseetheman______Italkedwithjustnow?21.Thefamousscientistgrewup________hewasbornandin1930hecametoShanghai.A.whenB.wheneverC.whereD.wherever22.TheParkersboughtanewhousebut________willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.A.theyB.itC.oneD.which23.Isthisfactory______youworkedat?A.theoneB.whichC.thatD.where24.Isthisthefactory_______youworked?A.whereB.whichC.thatD.theone25.---Doestheteacherknoweverybody_______plantedthetrees?---Yes,hedoes.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.who26.Theletter_______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that27.---Whereisthescientist________gaveusthetalkyesterday?---HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity.A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which28.Ihatepeople_______talkmuchbutdolittle.A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who29.Doyouknowaboy______sisterisanurseinahospital?A.whoB.thatC.whomD.whose30.Isthereashopnearhere______wecanbuyvegetablesandfruits?A.whichB.whenC.whoD.where賓語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)：在賓語(yǔ)從句中要注意三個(gè)要素，1連接詞that,if(whether)和疑問(wèn)詞做連詞。2語(yǔ)序，必須是陳說(shuō)句語(yǔ)序。3時(shí)態(tài)，主句是通?，F(xiàn)在，從句能夠是你所需要任何時(shí)態(tài)；主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句也必須是對(duì)應(yīng)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)(通常過(guò)去，過(guò)去完成，過(guò)去進(jìn)行，過(guò)去未來(lái))，假如賓語(yǔ)從句是真理或永恒不變事物，不改變時(shí)態(tài)。()1.Doyouknow_____thistimeyesterday?A.whoaretheywaitingB.whotheyarewaitingforC.whoweretheywaitingD.whotheywerewaitingfor()2.Couldyoutellus____?A.ifyourfatherdoesB.whatdoesyourfatherdoC.yourfatherdoeswhatD.whatyourfatherdoes()3.Canyoutellmewhat______nextSunday?A.willtheydoB.theywoulddoC.wouldtheydoD.theywilldo()4.SheaskedmeifIknew______.A.whosepenwasitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenisit()5.Excuseme,couldyoutellme______?A.whencanIgettothestationB.IcangettowhichstationC.whichstationIcangettoD.howIcangettothestation()6.Canyoutellmewhere______?.A.isthepostofficeB.thepostofficeisC.doesthepostofficeD.thepostofficedoes()7.Doyouknowwho______withateightyesterday?A.heistalkingB.washetalkingC.hewastalkingD.ishetalking()