人物傳記、故事類-三年高考（2016-2018）英語(yǔ)試題分項(xiàng)版解析版含解析

2016-2018年高考英語(yǔ)分項(xiàng)解析精編版

專題13人物傳記、故事類

2018年高考題

A[2018?浙江卷】

In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.People

hadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury-mostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein

1719—

butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearly

stages;theliteracy（識(shí)字）rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithout

thenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady.^Novels,forthemostpart,were

lookeduponassilly,immoral,orjustplainbad.

In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterand

publisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheir

readershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim-wereheldupasmoral

touchstones.TodayDickens'greatnessisunchallenged.Removinghimfromthepantheon（名人堂）

ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.

HowdidDickensgettothetop?Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisa

numbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60,000novelswere

publishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to!901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonamea

half-dozenofthem.It'spartlytruethatDickens'styleofwritingattractedaudiences

fromallwalksoflife.Ifspartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientific

progress.Butit'salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandpulhimselfatthecenter.Noone

willeverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchasingularwriter.

Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible-andimportantforourown

culture——tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.

21.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBritishnovelsinthe18,hcentury?

A.Theyweredifficulttounderstand.

B.Theywerepopularamongtherich.

C.Theywereseenasnearlyworthless.

D.Theywerewrittenmostlybywomen.

22.DickensiscomparedwiththeMonaLisainthetexttostress.

A.hisreputationinFrance

B.hisinterestinmodernart

C.hissuccessinpublication

D.hisimportanceinliterature

23.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Torememberagreatwriter.

B.TointroduceanEnglishnovel.

C.Toencouragestudiesonculture.

D.TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.

【答案】21.C22.D23.A

【解析】本文寫于CharlesDickens誕辰200周年前夕，介紹了CharlesDickens在英國(guó)小說(shuō)方

面的重要貢獻(xiàn)和深遠(yuǎn)影響。

21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)情況的描寫nobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-powered

printingpresswasstillinitsearlystages:theliteracy（識(shí)字）ratemEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffiction

appearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors...Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoral,orjust

piambad.印刷技術(shù)落后，人們識(shí)字率低，作品上沒(méi)有作者名字，小說(shuō)被認(rèn)為是愚蠢的不正常的，毫無(wú)價(jià)值

可言。故選C。

22.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Dickens5greatnessisunchallenged.和歹ij舉的CharlesDickens小說(shuō)

的影響可知，把他和MonaLisa相比是為了說(shuō)明CharlesDickens在英國(guó)小說(shuō)方面的重要性和

MonaLisa在繪畫方面的重要性是一樣的，故選Do

23.寫作意圖題。根據(jù)文中對(duì)CharlesDickens及其作品在英國(guó)小說(shuō)史上重要性的描寫，和文章

最后Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible-andimportantforour

ownculture-tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.可知本文是寫于CharlesDickens誕

辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者寫本文是為J’紀(jì)念這位偉大的作家。故選A。

【點(diǎn)睛】

推理判斷題要求在理解表面文字的基礎(chǔ)上，做出判斷和推論，從而得到文章的隱含的意思和

深層的意思，也就是通過(guò)文章中的文字信息，上下邏輯關(guān)系及事物的發(fā)展變化等已知的信息，

推斷出作者沒(méi)有直接表達(dá)的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)。

本文推理判斷題的考法：

1.推測(cè)文章的觀點(diǎn)或結(jié)論。小題1要求判斷18世紀(jì)英國(guó)小說(shuō)的現(xiàn)狀，根據(jù)第一段對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)情況

的描寫nobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearly

stages;theliteracyrateinEnglandwasunder50%.Novels,werelookeduponassilly,immoral,or

justplainbad.可知當(dāng)時(shí)印刷技術(shù)落后，人們識(shí)字率低，小說(shuō)被認(rèn)為是愚蠢的不正常的，毫無(wú)價(jià)

值可言。

2.推測(cè)作者寫作目的或意圖。小題3判斷本文的寫作目的，根據(jù)文中對(duì)CharlesDickens及其

作品在英國(guó)小說(shuō)史上重要性的描寫，和文章最后Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirth

approaches,itispossible-andimportantforourownculture-tounderstandhowhemadehimself

alastingone.可知本文是寫于CharlesDickens誕辰200周年前夕，由此推斷作者寫本文是為了

紀(jì)念這位偉大的作家。

B[2018?天津卷】

WhenIwas17,1readamagazinearticleaboutamuseumcalledtheMcNay,oncethehomeof

awatercoloristnamedMarianMcNay.Shehadrequestedthecommunitytoturnitintoamuseum

uponherdeath.OnasunnySaturday,SallyandIdroveovertothemuseum.Sheasked,nDoyou

havetheaddress?”"No,butI'llrecognizeit,therewasapictureinthemagazine.*'

“Oh,stop.Thereitis!”

Themuseumwasfree.Weentered,excited.Agroupofpeoplesiltinginthehallstoppedtalking

andstaredatus.

"MayIhelpyou?"amanasked."No,nIsaid."WeYefine.^^Tourguidesgotonmynerves.What

iftheytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren'tthatinterestedin?Sallyhadgoneupstairs.

Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy（愛窺探的），keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosity.What

wastheirproblem?Isawsomenicesculpturesinoneroom.SuddenlyIsensedamanstanding

behindme.nWheredoyouthinkyouare?"heasked.1turnedsharply."TheMcNayArtMuseum!',

Hesmiled,shakinghishead."Sorry,theMcNayisonNewBraunfelsStreet.”"What'sthisplace?”I

asked,stillconfused."Well,it'sourhome."Myheartjolted（震顫）.Iracedtothestaircaseandcalled

out,"Sally!Comedownimmediately!n

"There'ssomereallygoodstuff（藝術(shù)作品）upthere."Shesteppeddown,lookingconfused.I

pushedhertowardthefrontdoor,wavingatthefamily,saying,“Sorry,pleaseforgiveus,youhavea

reallyniceplace.'*Outside,whenItoldSallywhathappened,shecoveredhermouth,laughing.She

couldn'tbelievehowlongtheyletuslookaroundwithoutsayinganything.

TherealMcNaywassplendid,butwefeltnervousthewholetimewewerethere.VanGogh,

Picasso.Thistime,westayedtogether,incaseanythingelseunusualhappened.

Thirtyyearslater,awomanapproachedmeinapublicplace."Excuseme,didyoueverentera

residence,longago,thinkingitwastheMcNayMuseum?"

"Yes.Buthowdoyouknow?Wenevertoldanyone."

“Thatwasmyhome.Iwasateenagersittinginthehall.Beforeyoucameover,Ineverrealized

whatabeautifulplaceIlivedin.Ineverfeltluckybefore.Youthoughtitwasamuseum.Myfeelings

aboutmyhomechangedafterthat.I'vealwayswantedtothankyou.'1

41.WhatdoweknowaboutMarianMcNay?

A.Shewasapainter.

B.Shewasacommunityleader.

C.Shewasamuseumdirector.

D.Shewasajournalist.

42.Whydidtheauthorrefusethehelpfromthemaninthehouse?

A.Shedislikedpeoplewhowerenosy.

B.Shefeltnervouswhentalkingtostrangers.

C.Sheknewmoreaboutartthantheman.

D.Shemistookhimforatourguide.

43.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutbeingstaredatbythepeopleinthehall?

A.Puzzled.B.Concerned.

C.Frightened.D.Delighted.

44.WhydidtheauthordescribetherealMcNaymuseuminjustafewwords?

A.Therealmuseumlackedenoughartworktointeresther.

B.Shewastooupsettospendmuchtimeattherealmuseum.

C.TheMcNaywasdisappointingcomparedwiththehouse.

D.Theeventhappeninginthehousewasmoresignificant.

45.Whatcouldwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Peopleshouldhavegoodtastetoenjoylife.

B.Peopleshouldspendmoretimewiththeirfamily.

C.Peopletendtobeblindtothebeautyaroundthem.

D.Peopletendtoeducateteenagersatamuseum.

【答案】41.A42.D43.A44.D45.C

【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章作者和朋友原想?yún)⒂^McNay博物館，到了之后參觀的時(shí)候，

發(fā)現(xiàn)很多人奇怪的看著她，最后才發(fā)現(xiàn)自己誤將?個(gè)私人住宅當(dāng)成McNay博物館。30年后，

一位女上認(rèn)出誤撞入自己住宅的作者，指出正是因?yàn)樽髡叩恼`撞入才讓她意識(shí)到自己住的地

方有多么美麗。

41.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段WhenIwas17,1readamagazinearticleaboutamuseumcalled

theMcNay,oncethehomeofawatercoloristnamedMarianMcNay.可知，MarianMcNay是一名水

彩畫家。故選A。

42.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段"MayIhelpyou?"amanasked."No,"Isaid."We'refine/,Tour

guidesgotonmynerves.可知，導(dǎo)游令作者心煩，作者誤認(rèn)為屋子里的男人是位導(dǎo)游。故選D。

43.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy（愛窺探的）,keeping

theireyesonmewithcuriosity.Whatwastheirproblem?（大廳的人看起來(lái)都非常愛窺探的，眼睛

不停的好奇的看著我。他們有什么問(wèn)題？）可以推斷出，作者當(dāng)時(shí)感到困惑不解。故選A。

44推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文可知，作者看墨點(diǎn)、主要在敘述參觀誤當(dāng)成McNay博物館的私人住宅上，故這才

是文章的重心，所以將真正的McNay博物館敘述一帶而過(guò)。故選D。

45.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Beforeyoucameover:IneverrealizedwhatabeautifulplaceIlivedin可知,

在作者未造訪她家之前，這位女士從未意識(shí)到自己住的地方多么美麗，從而可以推斷出，人們往往對(duì)周圍

的美而不見。故選Co

【點(diǎn)睛】本文是敘事性的文章，文章有一定的趣味性，整體難度中等，考查主要以細(xì)節(jié)理解

和推理判斷兩類題型。推理判斷題屬于主觀性較強(qiáng)的高層次閱讀理解題，做這類題目時(shí)，同

學(xué)們要嚴(yán)格依據(jù)作者所陳述的細(xì)節(jié)、事實(shí)以及作者的措詞、態(tài)度和語(yǔ)氣，找出能夠表露作者

思想傾向和感情色彩的詞句，然后利用自己已獲得的相關(guān)知識(shí)進(jìn)行推理判斷，從而得出符合

邏輯的結(jié)論。如小題3中考查作者被人盯著看的感受，我們需要找到文章中作者的措詞nosy,

curiosity和problem,可以推斷出作者當(dāng)時(shí)非常困惑不解的心理感受。

A[2018?北京卷】

MyFirstMarathon（馬拉松）

Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfor

twoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.

Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorun

lapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn'tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas”notathletic”.

TheideathatIwas"notathletic"stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,

Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.

Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!

Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn'tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeup

sweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.

Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces（鞋帶）becameuntied.SoIstoppedto

readjust.NotthestartIwanted!

Atmile3,1passedasign:'*GOFORIT,RUNNERS!”

Bymile17,1becameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,I

stayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.

Bymile21,1wasstarving!

AsIapproachedmile23,1couldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenever

mindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.

Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesame

medalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.

Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels（世俗標(biāo)簽）,Ican

nowcallmyselfa“marathonwinner".

36.Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor.

A.waswelltrainedB.feltscared

C.madeuphismindtorunD.losthope

37.WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?

A.Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.

B.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.

C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.

D.Toshareapreciousmemory.

38.Howwastheauthor'sfirstmarathon?

A.Hemadeit.B.Hequithalfway.

C.Hegotthefirstprize.D.Hewalkedtotheend.

39.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?

A.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.

B.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.

C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.

D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.

C2[2018?北京卷]

A

【要點(diǎn)綜述】本文是一篇故事類文章。作者記敘了沒(méi)有運(yùn)動(dòng)天賦的他，在20多歲才開始長(zhǎng)

跑，但是一次在跑馬拉松比賽前夕踝關(guān)節(jié)受傷，但他堅(jiān)持不懈，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了自我的故事。

36.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead”可知，作者在馬拉

松前一個(gè)月下定決心要參加馬拉松比賽。故選C。

37.C寫作意圖題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“HelaterinformedmethatIwas"notathletic'"'可知，作

者的經(jīng)歷證明他在運(yùn)動(dòng)方面并非很有天賦。故選C。

38.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段"Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!

AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.”

以及前文中作者行進(jìn)經(jīng)過(guò)的標(biāo)志可知，雖然作者是最后到達(dá)終點(diǎn)的一批馬拉松選手，但是他

跑完了全程。故選A。

39.B主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameand

worldlylabels（世俗標(biāo)簽）,Icannowcallmyselfa"marathonwinner”.”可知，作者享受到了戰(zhàn)勝自

我的快樂(lè)，認(rèn)為只要努力了就算是勝利者。故選B。

2017年高考題

人物傳記類

Cl[2017?浙江卷6月考]

A

BenjaminWest,thefatherofAmericanpainting,showedhistalentforartwhenhewasonlysix

yearsofage.Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone.Inthose

days,abrushwasmadefromcamel'shair.Therewerenocamelsnearby.Benjamindecidedthatcat

hairwouldworkinstead.Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabrush.

Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong,thecatbegantolook

ragged（蓬舌L）.Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehad

beendoing.

Thecat'slotwasabouttoimprove.Thatyear,oneofBenjamin'scousins,MrPennington,

cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin'sdrawings.Whenhewenthome,hesentBenjamina

boxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings（版畫）byanartist.Thesewerethefirst

picturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.

In1747,whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold,MrPenningtonreturnedforanothervisit.He

wasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBenjamin'sparentsifhemighttake

theboybacktoPhiladelphiaforavisit.

Inthecity,MrPenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.Theboybegana

landscape（風(fēng)景）painting.WilliamWilliams,awellknownpainter,cametoseehimwork.

WilliamswasimpressedwithBenjaminandgavehimtwoclassicbooksonpaintingtotakehome.

Thebookswerelonganddull.Benjamincouldreadonlyalittle,havingbeenapoorstudent.Buthe

latersaid,“Thosetwobooksweremycompanionsbyday,andundermypillowatnight.^^Whileitis

likelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks,theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.

Thenineyearoldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.

21.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Benjamin'svisittoPhiladelphia.

B.Williams*influenceonBenjamin.

C.ThebeginningofBenjamin'slifeasanartist.

D.ThefriendshipbetweenBenjaminandPennington.

22.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3suggest?

A.Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.

B.Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.

C.Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.

D.Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.

23.WhatdidPenningtondotohelpBenjamindevelophistalent?

A.Hetookhimtoseepaintingexhibitions.

B.Heprovidedhimwithpaintingmaterials.

C.HesenthimtoaschoolinPhiladelphia.

D.Hetaughthimhowtomakeengravings.

24.Williams1twobookshelpedBenjaminto.

A.mastertheuseofpaints

B.appreciatelandscapepaintings

C.gettoknowotherpainters

D.makeuphismindtobeapainter

【文章大意】本文是一篇人物介紹類的記敘文，主要講述了美國(guó)繪畫之父本杰明?韋斯特

小時(shí)候繪畫天賦的培養(yǎng)和他在6至9歲時(shí)受到的藝術(shù)啟蒙教育。

21.C主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段首句"BenjaminWest--showedhistalentforart

when…”，以及下文第四段首句提到的“In1747,whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold"-w和最后

一段內(nèi)容及最后一句,l??,boydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.并結(jié)合全文可知，文章主

要講述了BenjaminWest（本杰明?韋斯特）少年時(shí)代的藝術(shù)啟蒙，特別是6?9歲階段，所以C

項(xiàng)能概括全文大意。

22.D句意理解題。該句需要結(jié)合上下文來(lái)理解。根據(jù)上文第二段提到本杰明剪貓的毛來(lái)

制作畫筆，導(dǎo)致貓的''毀毛破相"，而第三段提到本杰明的堂兄Pennington給他送來(lái)了很多畫

畫的顏料和畫筆。由此我們可以推斷，該下劃線句子內(nèi)容說(shuō)明“貓的命運(yùn)不久將得到改善”，

而這一點(diǎn)可以從本杰明得到了很多畫筆資助推斷出來(lái)。故這句話隱含著“本杰明將很快不再

需要用貓的毛制作畫筆了，他將得到很多真正的畫筆”的意思，答案選D項(xiàng)。

23.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章第五段首句.Inthecity：MrPenningtongaveBeniaminmaterialsforcreating

oilpaintings."可知，為了更好地培養(yǎng)本杰明的畫面天賦，堂兄Pennmgton給了他很多幫助，提供了創(chuàng)作用的

材料等，故選B項(xiàng).

24.D推理判斷題.根據(jù)文章最后一段本杰明說(shuō)的話，以及“Wh;!eitislikelythatheunderstood-The

nine-year-oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanart:st.n可知，著名畫家William給孑的兩本關(guān)千繪畫的著作

啟迪了本杰明幼小的心靈，幫助他打開了通往偉大藝術(shù)的殿堂之門，使他立志成為藝術(shù)家，所以答案選D

項(xiàng).

【名師點(diǎn)睛】

本文后兩個(gè)小題考查了細(xì)節(jié)題。在完成細(xì)節(jié)題時(shí)，要特別注意排除干擾項(xiàng)。如[小題23]

中的D項(xiàng)“Hetaughthimhowtomakeengravings”屬于"偷梁換柱”類干擾項(xiàng),根據(jù)第三段

第五句"Healsosentsixengravingsbyanartist可知”這些版畫是Pennington送給Benjamin

的”,并非是Pennington教Benjamin如何畫版畫,說(shuō)明D項(xiàng)明顯錯(cuò)誤。

干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)置方法通常有以下幾種方式：

1.張冠李戴。命題者把文章作者的觀點(diǎn)與他人的觀點(diǎn)混淆起來(lái)，題干問(wèn)的是作者的觀點(diǎn)，選

項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的卻是他人的觀點(diǎn)；或者題干問(wèn)的是他人的觀點(diǎn)，卻把作者的觀點(diǎn)放到選項(xiàng)中去。

2.偷梁換柱。干擾項(xiàng)用了與原文相似的句型結(jié)構(gòu)和大部分相似的詞匯，卻在不易引人注意的

地方換了幾個(gè)詞匯，造成句意的改變。

3.無(wú)中生有。干擾項(xiàng)往往是生活的基本常識(shí)和普遍接受的觀點(diǎn)，但在原文中并無(wú)相關(guān)的信息

支持點(diǎn)，這種選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置往往與問(wèn)題的設(shè)問(wèn)毫不相干。

4.以偏概全?？忌谧霾聹y(cè)文章中心思想、給文章添加標(biāo)題或判斷推理題時(shí)，往往會(huì)犯以偏

概全的錯(cuò)誤。產(chǎn)生這類錯(cuò)誤的原因是考生受思維定勢(shì)的影響或考慮不周，以局部代替整體。

其具體表現(xiàn)為合理關(guān)聯(lián)與不合理關(guān)聯(lián)、準(zhǔn)確概括與不準(zhǔn)確概括之間的錯(cuò)位。不合理關(guān)聯(lián)就是

表層理解與深層理解相混淆。表層理解是對(duì)文章中客觀事實(shí)的感知和記憶，往往是文章直接

表述的結(jié)論；深層理解則是對(duì)文章中的客觀事實(shí)進(jìn)行邏輯推理、總結(jié)或概括后得出的結(jié)論。

不準(zhǔn)確概括是指不能準(zhǔn)確地按題目要求概括或提取文中的表層或深層信息。

考點(diǎn)：考查記敘文閱讀

故事類

[2017?北京卷]

A

ItwasacoldMarchdayinHighPoint,NorthCarolina.ThegirlsontheWesleyanAcademy

softballteamwerewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbatduringpractice,stampingtheirfeettostaywarm.

EighthgraderTaylorBisbeeshivered（發(fā)抖）alittleasshewatchedherteammateParisWhiteplay.

Thetwodidn'tknoweachotherwell—Taylorhadjustmovedtotownamonthorsobefore.

Suddenly,Parisfelltotheground/*Paris'seyesrolledback,“Taylorsays."Shestartedshaking.

Iknewitwasanemergency?,

Itcertainlywas.Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.Withoutimmediatemedicalcare,

Pariswoulddie.Atfirst,noonemoved.Thegirlswereinshock.Thenthesoftballcoachshouted

out,“DoesanyoneknowCPR?”

CPRisalifesavingtechnique.TodoCPR,youpressonthesickperson'schestsothatblood

movesthroughthebodyandtakesoxygentoorgans.Withoutoxygen,thebrainisdamagedquickly.

Amazingly,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.Still,shehesitated.Shedidn't

thinksheknewitwellenough.Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegan

doingCPR."Itwasscary.Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath,vsaysTaylor.

Taylor'sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantoget

theschoolnurse,whobroughtadefibrillator,anelectronicdevice（器械）thatcanshocktheheart

backintowork.Luckstayedwiththem:Paris'sheartbeatreturned.

“IknowIwasreallylucky,“Parissaysnow."Mostpeopledon*tsurvivethis.Myteamsaved

my

ExpertssayParisisright:forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalis

havingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly.

Today,Parisisbackonthesoftballteam.Taylorwillapplytocollegesoon.Shewantstobea

nurse."Ifeelmoreconfidentinmyactionsnow,“Taylorsays."IknowIcanactunderpressurein

ascarysituation.9,

56.WhathappenedtoParisonaMarchday?

A.Shecaughtabadcold.

B.Shehadasuddenheartproblem.

C.Shewasknockeddownbyaball.

D.Sheshiveredterriblyduringpractice.

57.WhydoesParissayshewaslucky?

A.Shemadeaworthyfriend.

B.Sherecoveredfromshock.

C.ShereceivedimmediateCPR.

D.Shecamebackonthesoftballteam.

58.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTaylor?

A.Enthusiasticandkind.

B.Courageousandcalm.

C?Cooperativeandgenerous.

D.Ambitiousandprofessional.

【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了壘球女孩Paris在打球的過(guò)程中突然心力衰

竭，隊(duì)友Taylor對(duì)其進(jìn)行了緊急心肺復(fù)蘇，Paris因此恢復(fù)了心跳的故事。文章旨在說(shuō)明病

人心力衰竭時(shí)，其他人保持冷靜并對(duì)其進(jìn)行緊急心肺復(fù)蘇的重要性。

56.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Itcertainlywas.Parishadsufferedasuddenheart

failure.“可知，Paris突然心力衰竭，所以答案為B。

57.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段可知隊(duì)友的協(xié)助使Paris得到了及時(shí)的救助，所以Paris

說(shuō)自己很幸運(yùn)。故答案為C。

58.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParis

andbegandoingCPR.“可知Taylor非常的勇敢，以及第六段首句“Taylor'sswiftactionhelpedher

teammalescalmdown.“可知，Taylor是一個(gè)勇敢、冷靜的女孩，所以答案為B。

【名師點(diǎn)睛】

故事類文章是高考閱讀理解常選材料之一。這類文章常通過(guò)敘述突出人物性格特征或講述個(gè)

人經(jīng)歷與感悟，以及逸聞趣事。文章的要素有時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件等。有些是按事件發(fā)

展的經(jīng)過(guò)為主線敘述的，在敘述的過(guò)程中有詳有略；有些是按時(shí)間的順序敘述的，有順敘、

倒敘等。

解題技巧：

I、高考選用的此類文章常常為幽默類或情感類故事，其目的或闡明某種觀點(diǎn)，或抨擊某種

陋習(xí)，或贊揚(yáng)某種品德，所以要關(guān)注作者表達(dá)的個(gè)人感悟，提出的個(gè)人意見，或故事中出其

不意的變化，而這些往往體現(xiàn)文章中心或?qū)懽饕鈭D，屬于必考點(diǎn)。如本題中的第58題，總結(jié)

人物品質(zhì)的，Taylor根據(jù)自己所學(xué)的CPR知識(shí)及時(shí)的挽救了Paris的生命，雖然猶豫了，但是

很快地進(jìn)行CPR搶救，說(shuō)明她很勇敢，很鎮(zhèn)靜，不慌不忙，不像其他孩子那樣陷入驚慌之中，

故選B?

2、該類文章語(yǔ)言流暢、有趣，命題往往從故事的情節(jié)、人物或事件之間的關(guān)系、作者的意圖

和態(tài)度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查學(xué)生對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的辨認(rèn)能力以及推理判斷能力。這

類文章同學(xué)們常有文章易懂，題目不易做的感覺(jué)。要注意培養(yǎng)自己快速閱讀的習(xí)慣。切不可

在個(gè)別難懂的詞句上停留太久，耽誤時(shí)間。

3、對(duì)整篇短文內(nèi)容有了一定的了解后，要馬上看短文后的問(wèn)題，帶著問(wèn)題去選擇或判斷

答案。要確定所需查找的信息范圍，并注意所查找信息的特點(diǎn)。例如：如果問(wèn)題或選項(xiàng)涉及

到人名、地名，就應(yīng)該找首字母大寫的單詞；如果問(wèn)題或選項(xiàng)涉及時(shí)間、日期、數(shù)字，就應(yīng)

該尋找具體的數(shù)據(jù)。

[2017?全國(guó)卷1]

B

IworkwithVolunteersforWildlife,arescueandeducationorganizationatBaileyArboretum

inLocustValley.Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking;survivalis

nevercertain.However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.

IgotarescuecallfromawomaninMuttontown.Shehadfoundayoungowl（貓頭鷹）onthe

ground.WhenIarrived,Isawa2to3weekoldowl.Ithadalreadybeenplacedinacarrierforsafety.

Iexaminedthechick（雛鳥）anditseemedfine.IfIcouldlocatethenest,Imighthavebeen

abletoputitback,butnoluck.Mynextworkwastoconstructanestandanchoritinatree.

Thehomeownerwasveryhelpful.Awirebasketwasfound.Iputsomepinebranchesintothe

baskettomakethisnestsafeandcomfortable.Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmed

down.

Nowallthatwasneededweretheparents,buttheywereabsent.Igavethehomeownera

recordingofthehungerscreamsofowlchicks.Theseadvertisethepresenceofchickstoadults;they

mightalsoencourageourchicktostartcallingaswell.Igavetheownerasmuchinformationas

possibleandheadedhometoseewhatnewsthenightmightbring.

Anervousnighttobesure,butsometimesthespiritsofnaturesmileonusall!Thehomeowner

calledtosaythattheparentshadrespondedtotherecordings.Idroveoverandsawthechickinthe

nestlookinghealthyandactive.Anditwasaccompaniedinthenestbythegreatestsightof

all一LUNCH!Theparentshaddonetheirdutyandwouldprobablycontinuetodoso.

24.Whatisunavoidableintheauthor'srescueworkaccordingtoParagraph1?

A.Effortsmadeinvain.

B.Gettinginjuredinhiswork.

C.Feelinguncertainabouthisfuture.

D.Creaturesforcedoutoftheirhomes.

25.WhywastheauthorcalledtoMuttontown?

A.Torescueawoman.

B.Totakecareofawoman.

C.Tolookatababyowl.

D.Tocureayoungowl.

26.Whatmadethechickcalmdown?

A.Anewnest.

B.Somefood.

C.Arecording.

D.Itsparents.

27.Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeoftheevent?

A.It'sunexpected.

B.Ittsbeautiful.

C.It'shumorous.

D.It'sdiscouraging.

【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。本文主要介紹了作者救助一只小貓頭鷹，給它做新的

窩，幫助它回到父母身邊的故事。

24.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Tryingtohelpinjureddisplacedorsickcreaturescanbe

heartbreaking:survivalisnevercertain."可知，救助受傷動(dòng)物是令人心碎的，因?yàn)椴恢辣痪戎膭?dòng)物是否能

活下去，也就是為救助動(dòng)物而花弱的努力可能會(huì)自弱，這是不可避免的.故選A.

25.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的"Shehadfoundayoungowl（貓頭鷹）ontheground.

WhenIarrived.Isawa2to3weekoldowl."可知，有人給作者打電話是因?yàn)橛兄恍∝堫^鷹掉在

地上了，作者趕過(guò)去看看情況。文中并沒(méi)有說(shuō)小貓頭鷹受傷了，作者只是過(guò)去看情況，所以D

選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故選C。

26.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的"Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmed

down.”可知，在作者把小貓頭鷹放在窩里之后，它很快就平靜下來(lái)，所以是窩讓小貓頭鷹平靜

下來(lái)的。故選A。

27.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)前文描述可知作者為小貓頭鷹做了窩，并且?guī)椭一亓怂母?/p>

母。作者的救助成功了，說(shuō)明結(jié)局是美好的。再結(jié)合第一段的“However,whenitworks,itis

simplybeautiful.”可推測(cè),作者感覺(jué)很美好。故選B。

【名師點(diǎn)睛】

盡管近幾年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀試題中推斷題呈不斷上升的趨勢(shì)，但細(xì)節(jié)題仍然占有較大比例，

而且已由過(guò)去簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)號(hào)入座直接答題轉(zhuǎn)向通過(guò)語(yǔ)句的同義或反義轉(zhuǎn)換來(lái)考查考生對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)

言的理解能力，因此難度比往年有所增加。

對(duì)于直接信息的細(xì)節(jié)題來(lái)說(shuō)，考生可以首先從問(wèn)題中找到關(guān)鍵詞，然后以此為線索，運(yùn)

用略讀及查閱的技巧在文中迅速尋找這一細(xì)節(jié)，找到后再把這一部分內(nèi)容仔細(xì)閱讀一遍，仔

細(xì)比較所給選項(xiàng)與文中細(xì)節(jié)的細(xì)微區(qū)別，在準(zhǔn)確理解細(xì)節(jié)的前提下，最后確定最佳答案。

而細(xì)節(jié)理解題是介于事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題和推理判斷題之間的一種題型，做這類題目時(shí)，考生需

要對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行加工處理，然后再進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的推理或鑒別，這對(duì)考生來(lái)說(shuō)有一定難度。

例如第25題WhywastheauthorcalledtoMuttontown?作者為什么會(huì)被打電話喊去

Muttontown呢？通過(guò)瀏覽后文考生都知道是和救助小貓頭鷹有關(guān)，但C選項(xiàng)Tolookatababy

owl.和D選項(xiàng)Tocureayoungowl.中都涉及到了“小貓頭鷹二那到底是去“看小貓頭鷹”還

是去“治療小貓頭鷹”呢？畢竟文章第一段中介紹作者工作職責(zé)的句子IworkwilhVolunteers

forWildlife,arescueandeducationorganizationatBaileyArboretuminLocustValley.+出現(xiàn)了

rescue“救援”這個(gè)單詞。再加上后文又出現(xiàn)injured,displacedorsickcreatures等單詞，給考

生的心理暗示就是被救助的小動(dòng)物都是受傷的狀態(tài)。有了前文的暗示，考生很有可能會(huì)選擇D

選項(xiàng)，認(rèn)為作者接到電話后去Mullonlown救助小貓頭鷹。但實(shí)際上，小貓頭鷹只是掉在地面

上，并沒(méi)有受傷。根據(jù)這一點(diǎn)，D選項(xiàng)就被排除了。所以正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

[2017.全國(guó)卷II]

B

IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButchCassidyandthe

SundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidn*twantmeforthefilm——it

wantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul-hestoodupforme.Idon'tknowhowmanypeople

wouldhavedonethat;theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers.

ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryears

laterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference,webothcamefromatradition

oftheatreandliveTV.Wewererespectfulofcraft（技藝）andfocusedondiggingintothe