examcoo強(qiáng)化練習(xí)上下及答案詳解三下

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PassageOne

強(qiáng)化練習(xí)三(下)

（匹配強(qiáng)化課程三；時(shí)間：24分鐘)

Doesmoneybuyhappiness?It’ssometimessaidthatscientistshavefoundnorelationshipbetweenmoneyandhappiness,butthat'samyth,saysUniversityofIllinoispsychologistEdDiener.

Theconnectioniscomplex.Infact,veryrichpeopleratesubstantiallyhigherinsatisfactionwithlifethanverypoorpeopledo,evenwithinwealthynations,hesays.“Thereisoverwhelmingevidencethatmoneybuyshappiness,”saideconomistAndrewOswaldoftheUniversityofWarwickinEngland.Themaindebate,hesaid,ishowstrongtheeffectis.

OswaldrecentlyreportedastudyofBritonswhowonbetween$2,000and$250,000inalottery(抽獎(jiǎng)）.Asagroup，theyshowedaboostinhappinessaveragingabitmorethanonepointona36-pointscalewhensurveyedtwoyearsaftertheirwin,comparedtotheirlevelstwoyearsbeforetheywon.

DanielKahneman,aNobel-PrizewinnerandPrincetoneconomist,andcolleagues,recentlydeclaredthatthenotionthatmakingalotofmoneywillproducegoodoverallmoodis“mostlyillusory”.Theynotedthatinonestudy,membersofthe egroupwerealmosttwiceaslikelytocallthemselves“veryhappy”aspeoplefromhouseholdswith esbelow$20,000.Butotherstudies，ratherthanaskingforasummaryestimateofhappiness,followpeoplethroughthedayandrepeatedlyrecordtheirfeelings.Thesestudiesshowlesseffectof eonhappiness.Kahnemanandcolleaguessaid.

Thereisstillanothertwisttothemoney-happinessstory.Eventhoughpeoplewhomake

$150,000areconsiderablyhappierthanthosewhomake$40,000,it'snotclearwhy,sayspsychologistRichardE.LucasofMichiganStateUniversity.

Researchersconcludethatanyeffectofmoneyonhappinessissmallerthanmostdaydreamersassume.“Peopleexaggeratehowmuchhappinessisboughtbyanextrafewthousand,”O(jiān)swaldsaid.“Thequalityofrelationshipshasafarbiggereffectthanquitelargerisesinsalary...It’smuchbetteradvice,ifyou’relookingforhappinessinlife,totrytofindtherighthusbandorwifethantotrytodoubleyoursalary.”

Themainpurposeofthispassageistodiscuss ..

thecontributionsofhousehold estohappiness

thecomplexrelationshipbetweenmoneyandhappiness

thepositiverelationsofmoneytohappiness

thenegativerelationsofmoneytohappiness

AndrewOswald’sstudy .

provesmoneyhaslittleeffectonhappiness

givesevidencethatmoneybuyshappiness

rejectstherelationbetweenmoneyandhappiness

showsthatlotterybringspeoplehappiness

Theword“illusory”(Para.4)isclosestinmeaningto“ ”.

A.dramatic B.ordinary C.drastic D.imaginary

AccordingtoLucas,richerpeople’shappiness .

comesfromtheirhigh e

maynotbedirectlyrelatedtotheirhigh e

isboostedbytheirhigh e

isnotderivedfromtheirhigh e

AccordingtoOswald,amoreimportantfactorinbringingabouthappinessmaybegood .

A.health B.feelings C.marriage D.salaries

PassageTwo

WhenFrankDaletookoveraspublisherofLosAngelesHerrald-Examiner,theorganizationhadjustendedaten-yearstrike.Therewasmuchbitternessand,ashetoldus.“EverybodythatIfoundtherehadlosttheircuriosity.They'dlosttheircuttingedge.Therewasnointerest.Theyjusthungon...Ihadarealproblem.”Hisveryfirsttaskwastointroducehimselftoeverybody,tothankthemfortheirloyaltytothatpoint,andtoal-lowthemtoexpresstheirconcernsandfrustrations.Toquestionslike“Whatmakesyouthinkyoucanmakethisthinggo?”heresponded,“Idon’tknowyet,butinthirtydaysI'llcomebacktoyouandletyouknowwhatI'vefound.”HerecruitedataskofthebestpeoplefromthroughouttheHearstCorporationtodoacrashstudy,andinthirtydayshehadawrittenreportonwhatneededtobedone,whichhesharedwiththestaff.Hehadtakentheall-importantfirststepstoestablishmutualtrust,withoutwhichleadershipwouldnothavebeenpossible.

Trustistheemotionalgluethatbindsfollowersandleaderstogether.Theaccumulationoftrustisameasureofthelegitimacyofleadership.Itcannotbedemandedorpurchased;itmustbeearned.Trustisthebasicingredientofallorganizations,thelubricationthatmaintainstheorganization,anditisasmysteriousanddifficultaconceptasleadership—andasimportant.

Onethingwecansayforsureabouttrustisthatiftrustistobegenerated,theremustbepredictability,thecapacitytopredictanother'sbehavior.AnotherwayofputtingitistosaythatorganizationswithouttrustwouldresembletheambiguousnightmareofKafka'sTheCastle,wherenothingcanbecertainandnobodycanbereliedonorbeheldresponsible.Theabilitytopredict

eswithahighprobabilityofsuccessgeneratesandmaintainstrust.

WhatwasFrankDale’sproblemwhenhebecamethepublisherofLosAngelesHerraldExaminer?

Hehadlostinterestinhispublishingcareer.

Hefoundithardtointroducehimselftoeveryone.

LosAngelesHerrald-Examinerwasinextremedifficulty.

LosAngelesHerrald-Examinerwasonaten-yearstrike.

WhatwastheresultofFrankDale’sfirststeps?

Mutualtrustwasestablished. B.Efficiencywasimproved.

C.Atask wasrecruited. D.Hispromiseswerefulfilled.

Accordingtotheauthor,howcouldtrustbeestablished?

Byeconomicmeans. B.Bylegitimatemeasures.

C.Byauthoritativecommand. D.Byeffortoraction.

Whatdoestheauthorthinkabouttrust?

Itishardtoaccumulate. B.Itcanmakeorgani