西南四省名校2022屆高三上學(xué)期第一次大聯(lián)考英語試題Word版含解析

2022屆四省名校高三第一次大聯(lián)考英語本試題卷共8頁。全卷滿分150分?？荚囉脮r120分鐘。注意事項:1.答題前,先將自己的姓名、考號等填寫在試題卷和答題卡上,并將準考證號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.選擇題的作答:選出每小題答案后,用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑,寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。3.非選擇題的作答:用簽字筆直接寫在答題卡上對應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。4.考試結(jié)束后,請將本試題卷和答題卡一并上交。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Ahotel.B.Acolleague.C.Afire.2.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Athome.B.Ataparty.C.Inastore.3.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Brotherandsister.C.Bossandemployee.4.WhenwasJack’sflightscheduledtotakeoff?A.2:00a.m.B.11:00p.m.C.12:00p.m.5.What'sthewomanmostprobablydoing?A.Applyingforacollege.B.Havingajobinterview.C.Visitingtheelderly.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或?qū)Π?。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.WhatdoesLucysayaboutherroommates?A.Theyarefromthesamemajor.B.Theyhavesomethingincommon.C.Theycomefromdifferentplaces.7.WherewillMikeprobablygonext?A.Thedormitory.B.Thegym.C.Theclassroom.聽第7段材料,回答第8至10題。8.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Loseweight.B.Goswimming.C.Takeexercise.9.Howwillthemanhelpthewoman?A.Byadvisingheraboutthediet.B.Byrecommendingayogatrainertoher.C.Byprovidingherwithafitnessplan.10.Howdoesthewomansoundattheendoftheconversation?A.Disappointed.B.Uncertain.C.Satisfied.聽第8段材料,回答第11至13題。11.WhatisDorisprobablydoing?A.Takingawalk.B.Havinglunch.C.Makingaphonecall.12.WhydidJennycancelthearrangementwithDoris?A.Toprepareforanexam.B.Totakelotsofexercise.C.Tomakeanotherappointment.13.OnwhatconditionshouldDoriscallJennyback?A.Ifshecomesbackearly.B.Ifsheisfreetomorrow.C.Ifsheagreestomeetnextweek.聽第9段材料,回答第14至16題。14.WheredidWinkelmannprobablygeteducatedasachild?A.Intheschool.B.Inthechurch.C.Inthehome.15.WhatwasWinkelmanndoingwhenshemadeherdiscovery?A.Walkingunderthestarrysky.B.Watchingstars.C.Studyingaknowncomet(彗星).16.WhathappenedtoWinkelmann’sapplicationasanassistantastronomer?A.Itwasaccepted.B.Itwasignored.C.Itwasdeclined.聽第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.Whathappenedtotheolddog?A.Hewaslostandblockingastreet.B.Helovedhisownersandwaswell-fed.CHewaslovelyandtrickedbyaman.18.Wherewasthedogwhenthewomanwenttowork?A.Atthewoman'shome.B.Inthepolicestation.C.Intheanimalshelter.19.Whatdidn'tthewomanexpect?A.Toadoptadog.B.Togiveherinformation.C.Toreceiveathank-younote.20.WhowasBarney?A.Thedog’sowner.B.Theflowerman.C.Theolddog.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出最佳選項。AWe’reopen!TwomillionyearsofhumanhistoryawaitsMostofourgalleriesareopen,fromtheworld-famousEgyptianmummiestothewonderfulcollectionoftheIslamicWorld.TicketstoNero:themanbehindthemythandThomasBecket:murderandthemakingofasaintandthepermanentcollectionarenowavailabletobook.Wecantwaittowelcomeyouback.EntrytotheMuseumisnowticketed,bothforthefreepermanentcollectionandpaidexhibitions.Allvisitors,includingmembersandvolunteers,areadvisedtobookinadvance.Pleasenotethatsomegalleries(e.g.TheContemporaryandModernMiddleEasternArt)remainclosed.●Alimitednumberofwalk-up;ticketsareavailableeachdayforthosewhoarriveattheMuseumwithoutadvancebookings—pleasespeaktostaffonyourarrivalattheMuseumtoenquireaboutavailability,asentry.can’tbeguaranteed.●Facecoveringsarerequiredfortheprotectionofyourselfandothers.●Weaskthatyou,keepasafedistanceapartduringyourvisit.Staffareon-handtoadviseandtherearemarkersthroughouttheMuseumtoguideyou.Pleasebeconsiderateofothervisitorsandstaff.●Someofourcafesandshopswillbeopen—contactlesspaymentispreferred.●PleasedonotvisitifyoufeelunwellofhaveCOVID-19symptoms.●UndercurrentregulationsrelatingtoNHSTestandTrace,we'rerequiredtoaskeveryvisitoraged16andovertoprovidetheircontactdetailsforTestandTrace.Pleasefollowgovernmentguidanceandvisitingroupsofnomorethansixpeopleoragroupoftwohouseholds.Weaskthatyoumaintainsocialdistancingbetweenpeopleyoudonotlivewith.Weusecookiestoprovideyouwithmorepersonalisedservices.Formoreinformation,pleasefollowthe“Readmore”link,otherwiseselect“Acceptandclose”.1.Whichofthefollowingexhibitionsisnotavailabletovisitorsnow?A.Thepermanentcollection.B.Nero:themanbehindthemyth.C.TheContemporaryandModernMiddleEasternArt.D.ThomasBecket:murderandthemahingofasaint.2.Whatarevisitorsaged16andoverrequiredtodo?A.Providecontactdetails. B.Bookwalk-uptickets.C.Takeaguidedtour. D.Visitingroupsoflessthansixfamilies.3.Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?A.Aguidebook. B.Awebsite. C.Anartnewspaper. D.Amagazine.【答案】1.C2.A3.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。介紹了博物館的開館注意事項，包括訂票，疫情防護措施等?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Pleasenotethatsomegalleries(e.g.TheContemporaryandModernMiddleEasternArt)remainclosed.(請注意，一些畫廊（如當(dāng)代和現(xiàn)代中東藝術(shù)）仍然關(guān)閉)”可知，TheContemporaryandModernMiddleEasternArt目前還未對游客開放。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“●UndercurrentregulationsrelatingtoNHSTestandTrace,we'rerequiredtoaskeveryvisitoraged16andovertoprovidetheircontactdetailsforTestandTrace.(●根據(jù)目前有關(guān)NHS檢測和跟蹤規(guī)定，我們要求每一位16歲以上的游客提供他們的聯(lián)系方式)”可知，16歲及以上的游客要提供聯(lián)系信息。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Formoreinformation,pleasefollowthe“Readmore”link,otherwiseselect“Acceptandclose”.(如欲了解更多信息，請點擊“閱讀更多”鏈接，否則選擇“接受并關(guān)閉”)”可推知，這篇文章應(yīng)該來源于一個博物館的網(wǎng)站。故選B。BAsateenager,whenmyfamilytookavacation,IwrotepostcardstoshowmyfriendsthenewplacesIhadexplored.IconsideredpostcardsassimplyawaytosharetravelsuntilIcameacrossmygrandmother’spostcardalbum.Itwasadarkgrayleatheralbum,wheremostofthepostcardshadpicturesthatdidnotreflectaholidayoratraveldestination.Instead,thenotesweremostlyinvitationstoadinnerpartyorawalkthenextday.“Whydothesepostcardsaskyoutocometotea?”Iaskedmygrandmother.“Becausethisishowwecommunicatedbeforewehadatelephone,”shesaid.“Iwouldpopapostcardinthemorningmail,andafriendwouldreceiveitthatafternoon.Thenshe’dpostareplythatarrivedinmymailthenextmorning.”Iwassurprised.LifewithoutaphonesoundedlikesomethingoutofLittleHouseonthePrairie.Connectingbypostcardsseemedasunexpectedasusingacarrierpigeon.Ihadforgottenaboutmygrandmother’spostcardsuntillockdownsrestrictedourtripstoseeingourthreegranddaughters.Rememberingmygrandmother'salbum,Iboughtseveralsetsofcardsandeveryfewweeks,I'dwritenotesandmailthem.Thegirlsoccasionallyrespondedwithbriefthank-youtexts.ThenonedayIopenedmymailboxandspiedthreehand-addressedenvelopes.Theywerefrommygranddaughters,eachthankingmeforthepostcards.Thenotescapturedtheirdisappointmentwiththepandemicandhowmymessageshadcomfortedthem.Ihadbeenthinkinghowmygrandmotherhadacceptedthetelephoneasanewwaytokeeprelationships.Likeher,Iacceptedthegirls’preferredmodeofcommunicationandtextedmythanksfortheirletters.Yet,evenasthelockdownsend,Iwillcontinuetosendthempostcardsbecauseevery-oneenjoysreceivingarealletterinthemail.4.Whydidtheauthor'sgrandmotherwritepostcards?A.Tosharetravelexperiences. B.Toconnectwithpeople.C.Topassthetime. D.Toshowloveandcare.5.Whatdidtheauthorthinkoflifewithoutaphone?A.Itwasstrangeandhardtoimagine. B.Itwaspeaceful.C.Itwaslikelifeontheprairie. D.Itwasattractive.6.Howdoestheauthorfeelwhenreceivingletters?A.Puzzled. B.Regretful. C.Delighted. D.Crazy.7.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.AttractionofPostcards B.NewWaysofCommunicationC.LoveduringLockdowns D.AnOldPostcardAlbum【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。作者講述了在不同的時期和社會背景下，明信片對于她和祖母的不同的意義?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Itwasadarkgrayleatheralbum,wheremostofthepostcardshadpicturesthatdidnotreflectaholidayoratraveldestination.Instead,thenotesweremostlyinvitationstoadinnerpartyorawalkthenextday.(那是一本深灰色的皮革相冊，里面的明信片上的照片并沒有反映出度假或旅游目的地。相反，這些便條大多是邀請他們參加晚宴或第二天的散步)”可知，祖母寫明信片主要是聯(lián)系朋友，傳遞信息。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Iwassurprised.LifewithoutaphonesoundedlikesomethingoutofLittleHouseonthePrairie.Connectingbypostcardsseemedasunexpectedasusingacarrierpigeon.(我很驚訝。沒有電話的生活聽起來就像《草原小屋》里的故事。用明信片聯(lián)系就像用信鴿一樣出人意料)”可知，作者認為沒有手機的生活是不可理解、難以想象的。故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Likeher,Iacceptedthegirls’preferredmodeofcommunicationandtextedmythanksfortheirletters.(像她一樣，我接受了女孩們喜歡的交流方式，并發(fā)短信感謝她們的來信)”可知，作者收到孩子們的來信是很開心的。故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。這篇圍繞postcard展開，從“我”寄明信片和朋友分享旅行經(jīng)歷，到無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)祖母的明信片冊，得知祖母那個時代人們寫明信片不同的意義，再到疫情期間，“我”給孩子們寫明信片，“我”和孩子們都獲得了不一樣的心靈感受。故A選項“明信片的吸引力”最符合文章標題。故選A。CScientistsnearSanFranciscoworktoidentifyatypeofendangeredfishusingatoolthatwasorig-inallymadefortreatingcancer.Currently,CRISPRisusedtochangethegeneticmaterialinspecificcells.Bychangingthestructureofimmunecells,ithelpsrecognizeandfightcancer.ThesametechnologyisnowusedinaspecialmachinecalledSherlock,which,ofcourse,isnamedafterthefamousinvestigatorSherlockHolmes.Theydonot,however,useSherlocktochangefishcells.Instead,theoceanresearcherscatchthefish,collectasmallamountofmucusandthentestthecellstofindthegeneticmakeupofthefish.Itcanbedoneinabout30minutes.Inthepast,theresearcherswouldhavetowaitweeksormonthstogettestresults.TheresearchershavefoundthatthetechnologyisextremelyhelpfulwhenlookingatdifferentspeciesofChinooksalmons,becausetheylooknearlythesame.However,someofthemareendangered,andthescientistsneedtokeeptrackofthem.Inthepast,thescientistswouldcatchtheChinooksalmonandmeasurethemtotellthemapart.“It’snotveryaccurate,”saidAndreaSchreier,anassociateprofessorattheUniversityofCaliforniainDavis.Nowsheisworkingonthesalmon.Schreiersaidwhentheycatchthefish,theSherlockmachinecanquicklytellthemiftheyhaveoneofthespecialsalmons.It’simportantbecauseitallowsthescientiststodothingsthatwillhelptheendangeredsalmonlivelonger.Forexample,theycancatchtheminlakesfarawayfromthecoastandtakethembytrucktotheSanFranciscoBay.Inthepast,thefishmighthavetriedtomakeittotheBaybyswimminginrivers.However,duetoclimatechange,theriverwaterissometimestoowarmforthefishtomakethetripsafely.Schreiersaidshefeelsgoodabouttheprojectbecauseshelikesbeingabletoassistwithconservation.“Ireallywanttoworktomaintainourecosystemsandournativepopulations,giventhepressureshumansplaceonthemthroughourdifferentactivities.”8.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthetechnology?A.Efficient. B.Immature. C.Inaccurate. D.Economical.9.Whatdothenewtechnologyandthetraditionalwayhaveincommon?A.Theytestthefish'smucustotellthemapart.B.Theyarecarriedoutbyresearchersinthelab.C.Theyhelpresearcherstelldifferentsalmonsapart.D.TheyaimatbetterprotectingsalmonsinSanFrancisco.10.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheChinooksalmons?A.Theywillsoondieout. B.Theyareofthesamesize.C.Theyarenowwellprotected. D.Theyareusedtocoolwater.11.WhatdoweknowaboutAndreaSchreierfromthetext?A.Shethinkshumansaregreatlypressured. B.Shecannowspendlesstimeonherwork.C.Sheisratherdevotedtotheconservation. D.Shethinksherworkisofgreatimportance.【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章討論了一種叫做Sherlock的機器以及其所使用的CRISPR技術(shù)。科研人員通過該新技術(shù)能夠更快速準確地辨別特定種類的瀕危Chinooksalmons，以達到更好的保護目的?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Itcanbedoneinabout30minutes.Inthepast,theresearch-erswouldhavetowaitweeksormonthstogettestresults.(大約30分鐘就可以完成。在過去，研究人員需要等待數(shù)周或數(shù)月才能得到測試結(jié)果)”可推知，新技術(shù)的使用使得辨別魚類種群的時間大為縮短，工作更為高效。故選A。【9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Instead,theoceanresearcherscatchthefish,collectasmallamountofmucusandthentestthecellstofindthegeneticmakeupofthefish.(相反，海洋研究人員捕捉魚，收集少量粘液，然后測試細胞，以發(fā)現(xiàn)魚的基因組成)”；第三段中“TheresearchershavefoundthatthetechnologyisextremelyhelpfulwhenlookingatdifferentspeciesofChinooksalmons,becausetheylooknearlythesame.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，這項技術(shù)在觀察不同種類的奇努克鮭魚時非常有用，因為它們看起來幾乎一樣)”以及第四段中“Inthepast,thescientistswouldcatchtheChinooksalmonandmeasurethemtotellthemapart.(在過去，科學(xué)家們會捕捉奇努克鮭魚并測量它們來區(qū)分它們)”可知，新舊兩種方法都是為了幫助研究者來區(qū)分不同種類的鮭魚。故選C。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“However,duetocli-matechange,theriverwaterissometimestoowarmforthefishtomakethetripsafely.(然而，由于氣候變化，河水有時過于溫暖，這種魚類無法安全地游過)”可推知，該種魚類適宜在較涼爽的水域中生存。故選D?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Ireallywanttoworktomaintainourecosystemsandournativepopulations,giventhepressureshumansplaceonthemthroughourdifferentactivities.(我真的很想努力維護我們的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和我們的本地人口，考慮到人類通過不同的活動對他們施加的壓力)”可知，AndreaSchreier對自然保護工作十分投入。故選C。DYoumaynotrealizeit,butwhenyoustareatyourpartner'seyes,there'sagoodchancethatyou’relookingatamodifiedreflectionofyourself.Researchershavefoundthatpeoplechoosepartnerswhotendtobeofsimilarsize,shape,andraceasthemselves...andtheymayevenhavefacialfeaturesincommon.TakeLotGeelsfromAmsterdamandherAmericanhusband,BrockMosovsky,forexample.“Wehavesimilarblondehairandblueeyes,”saysLot.“Neitherofusisverytall.We'rebothbuiltathleticallyandwe’rebothmainlyofEuropeanorigin.Evenifyoudon'tlooklikeyourpartner,youlikelysharenonphysicalcharacteristics,accordingtoagrowingfieldofresearch,likeeducationlevel,socioeconomicstatus,religion,personalityfeatures,andevencorevalues.LotandBrockfallintothistypeaswell.“WebothhavePhDsandworkinresearch,”shesays.“Webothliveanactivelifestyle,mainlyrockclimbingandskiing.Ourworldviewsareprettysimi-lar,andwe'rebothhard-working,socialandfriendlypeople.”Researchershavebeenstudyingthephenomenonofpeoplewithsimilaritiespairingup—knownaspositiveassortativecoupling—fordecades.Ifyou’resurethat“oppositesattract”,youmaybesurprisedbyresearchfindings,whichprovethatlikeattractslike.However,ifyoubelievethat“l(fā)ikesattract”,youprobablyunderstandwhypeoplesurprisinglyseeklifepartnerswhoremindthem,onsomecomfortinglevel,ofthemselves.“There'sanelementofpredictabilitywhenyoudatesomebodyofasimilarbackground,”saysTyTashiro,theauthorofTheScienceofHappilyEverAfter.“They’relessthreatening,lessscary.They'llbemoreofafamiliarpersonfromthestart.Familiarityissomethingwefindattractive.”12.WhatcanweinferaboutLotandBrock?A.Theyhavethesamehairandeyes. B.Theybothcomefromwealthyfamilies.C.Theyareattractedbyeachother’ssimilarities. D.Theybothhavethesameculturalbackground.13.Whichofthefollowingisclosetotheunderlinedexpression“positiveassortative”?A.Ofthepreferredtype. B.Ofthedifferenttype.C.Ofthesimilartype. D.Oftheoriginaltype.14.WhydopeopletrytofindsimilarpeopleaspartnersaccordingtoTyTashiro?A.Theyarecomfortabletostaywith. B.Theyaremorethreateningandscarier.C.Theycandevelopthesamehobbiesandinterests. D.Theyhavethesamestatusandbackground.15.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytoconvey?A.Loveme,lovemydog. B.Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.C.Agoodwifemakesagoodhusband. D.Absencemakestheheartgrowfonder.【答案】12.C13.C14.A15.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章說明了人們在選擇伴侶時會傾向于尋找與自己有諸多共同點人這一現(xiàn)象?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Youmaynotrealizeit,butwhenyoustareatyourpartner'seyes,there'sagoodchancethatyou’relookingatamodifiedreflectionofyourself.Researchershavefoundthatpeoplechoosepartnerswhotendtobeofsimilarsize,shape,andraceasthemselves...andtheymayevenhavefacialfeaturesincommon.(你可能沒有意識到，但當(dāng)你盯著伴侶的眼睛時，很有可能你看到的是修改過的自己的倒影。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們選擇的伴侶往往與自己的尺碼、體型和種族相似……他們甚至可能有共同的面部特征)”；第二段“TakeLotGeelsfromAmsterdamandherAmericanhusband,BrockMosovsky,forexample.“Wehavesimilarblondehairandblueeyes,”saysLot.“Neitherofusisverytall.We'rebothbuiltathleticallyandwe’rebothmainlyofEuropeanorigin.(以阿姆斯特丹的LotGeels和她的美國丈夫BrockMosovsky為例。“我們有相似的金發(fā)和藍眼睛，”Lot說，“我們兩個都不是很高。我們都是運動員，我們都是歐洲血統(tǒng))”可推知，Lot和Brock這對夫婦是因為彼此的相似之處而被相互吸引的。故選C。【13題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Researchershavebeenstudyingthephenomenonofpeoplewithsimilaritiespairingup”（幾十年來，研究人員一直在研究相似人配對的現(xiàn)象，）即積極選型配對。故positiveassortativecoupling即是指的similaritiespairingup，畫線詞意思是“相似類型的”。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“They’relessthreatening,lessscary.They'llbemoreofafamiliarpersonfromthestart.Familiarityissomethingwefindattractive.(它們沒有那么可怕，那么嚇人。從一開始他們就會更熟悉。熟悉是我們覺得有吸引力的東西)”可知，人們會試圖尋找相似的人作為伴侶是因為和他們在一起很舒服。故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Youmaynotrealizeit,butwhenyoustareatyourpartner'seyes,there'sagoodchancethatyou’relookingatamodifiedreflectionofyourself.Researchershavefoundthatpeoplechoosepartnerswhotendtobeofsimilarsize,shape,andraceasthemselves...andtheymayevenhavefacialfeaturesincommon.(你可能沒有意識到，但當(dāng)你盯著伴侶的眼睛時，很有可能你看到的是修改過的自己的倒影。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們選擇的伴侶往往與自己的尺碼、體型和種族相似……他們甚至可能有共同的面部特征)”結(jié)合文章說明了人們在選擇伴侶時會傾向于尋找與自己有諸多共同點的人這一現(xiàn)象?？赏浦?，作者想要傳達的信息是“物以類聚，人以群分”。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Hasthiseverhappenedtoyou?You’reexhaustedafteralongworkingday,andtheonlythingyouwanttodoisthrowyourselfonthebedandblackout.___16___!Instead,you’retossingandturningwithyourmindoccupiedwithendlessthoughts.Howevertiredyou’re,sleepkeepsescapingfromyou!Thereasonforthatmightbethefollowingseeminglyinnocentbedtimehabits.DrinkingwaterIt’struethatourbodyneedstostayhydratedduringtheday,butstop“watering”itonehourbeforegoingtobed,otherwiseyou'llbecertaintomakeone,orevenacoupleoftripstothebath-room,whichwillrudelyinterruptyoursleep.___17___PlayingwithgadgetsCutdownonyourscreentimebeforefallingasleep.Notonlydogadgetsover-stimulateyourbrain,makingitrestless,buttheirscreensalsogiveoffthatdisturbingbluelight.Thislightstopsyourbody’ssleephormoneandchangesyourinternalclock.___18___.Ofcourse,youcanchooseaspecialnightmodeonyourdevicestosolvetheproblem,butthebestsolutionistopowerdownallhand-heldscreensanhourbeforesleeping.___19___It'sbelievedthateatingalotbeforegoingtobedcancausenightmares.Byeatingheavyfoodsfordinner,yourbrainisencouragedtobemoreactive,whichcanleadtovividnightmares.Besides,aheartydinnerdisruptsyourdigestivesystemandcausesproblemswithyourstomach.___20___.So,trytoavoidthebadbedtimehabits,andyou'llfeelmorerestedandenergeticinthemorningandduringthenextday.A.EatinglessatpropertimeB.EatingheavilybeforesleepC.Butunfortunately,youcan’tmakeitD.Consequently,yourbraindoesn'tbelieveit'stimetogotobedE.Forlackofpropersleep,youcangetphysicallyandmentallyillF.It'snotonlyaboutthesizeofthemealbutthetimewhenyouhaveitG.Moreover,mostpeoplehardlyfallbackasleepaftergettingupatmidnight【答案】16.C17.G18.D19.B20.E【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章分析了影響睡眠的三個睡前不良習(xí)慣——即睡前飲水，睡前玩電子設(shè)備和睡前過量飲食?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Hasthiseverhappenedtoyou?You’reexhaustedafteralongworkingday,andtheonlythingyouwanttodoisthrowyourselfonthebedandblackout.(你遇到過這種情況嗎？在漫長的一天工作之后，你已經(jīng)筋疲力盡了，你唯一想做的事情就是躺在床上昏睡過去)”以及后文“Instead,you’retossingandturningwithyourmindoccupiedwithendlessthoughts.Howevertiredyou’re,sleepkeepsescapingfromyou!(相反，你輾轉(zhuǎn)反側(cè)，思緒萬千。不管你有多累，睡眠總是從你身邊溜走！)”可知，上文提到想睡覺，后文提到睡不著，可知本句與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故C選項“但不幸的是，你睡不著”符合語境，故選C。【17題詳解】根據(jù)上文“It’struethatourbodyneedstostayhydratedduringtheday,butstop“watering”itonehourbeforegoingtobed,otherwiseyou'llbecertaintomakeone,orevenacoupleoftripstothebath-room,whichwillrudelyinterruptyoursleep.(我們的身體在白天確實需要保持水分，但在睡覺前一小時不要“喝太多水”，否則你肯定會去一次，甚至上幾次廁所，這將粗暴地打斷你的睡眠)”可知，根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容“睡前喝水會導(dǎo)致夜間上廁所從而影響睡眠”可知，此處為遞進關(guān)系，即“而且大多數(shù)人半夜醒后難以入睡”。故G選項“此外，大多數(shù)人在午夜起床后很難再睡著”符合語境，故選G?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Cutdownonyourscreentimebeforefallingasleep.Notonlydogadgetsover-stimulateyourbrain,makingitrestless,buttheirscreensalsogiveoffthatdisturbingbluelight.Thislightstopsyourbody’ssleephormoneandchangesyourinternalclock.(睡前減少看屏幕的時間。電子產(chǎn)品不僅會過度刺激你的大腦，讓它焦躁不安，它們的屏幕也會發(fā)出令人不安的藍光。這種光線會阻止你身體的睡眠激素，改變你的生物鐘)”以及后文“Ofcourse,youcanchooseaspecialnightmodeonyourdevicestosolvetheproblem,butthebestsolutionistopowerdownallhand-heldscreensanhourbeforesleeping.(當(dāng)然，你可以選擇一種特殊的夜間模式來解決這個問題，但最好的解決辦法是在睡覺前一小時關(guān)閉所有手持屏幕的電源)”根據(jù)該空前內(nèi)容“睡前使用電子設(shè)備會抑制身體的睡眠激素并改變生物鐘”，以及后文“解決問題的方法”可知，該空為使用電子設(shè)備的后果，即“大腦認為此時還不是睡眠時間”。故D選項“因此，你的大腦不認為是時候睡覺了”符合語境，故選D。【19題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“It'sbelievedthateatingalotbeforegoingtobedcancausenightmares.Byeatingheavyfoodsfordinner,yourbrainisencouragedtobemoreactive,whichcanleadtovividnightmares.Besides,aheartydinnerdisruptsyourdigestivesystemandcausesproblemswithyourstomach.(人們認為睡前吃太多會導(dǎo)致噩夢。晚餐吃油膩的食物會讓你的大腦更加活躍，這可能會導(dǎo)致生動的噩夢。此外，一頓豐盛的晚餐會擾亂你的消化系統(tǒng)，導(dǎo)致你的胃出現(xiàn)問題)”故根據(jù)整段內(nèi)容可知，該段描述了“睡前不良習(xí)慣——過量飲食”。故B選項“睡前吃太多”符合語境，故選B?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)后文“So,trytoavoidthebadbedtimehabits,andyou'llfeelmorerestedandenergeticinthemorningandduringthenextday.(所以，盡量避免壞的就寢習(xí)慣，你會在早上和第二天感到更有精力和休息)”故從后文內(nèi)容可知，此處是對整篇文章進行總結(jié)，“缺乏足夠的睡眠會影響身心健康，所以應(yīng)避免這些睡前的不良習(xí)慣”。故E選項“由于缺乏適當(dāng)?shù)乃?，你的身體和精神都會生病”符合語境，故選E。第三部分語言知識運用(共兩節(jié),滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Athirty-year-oldenvironmentalpuzzlehasfinallybeensolved.Sincethe1990s,piecesofplastictelephonesthatlooklikeGarfield—thelazycartooncat—havebeen___21___uponbeachesinFrance.Butforthree___22___,nooneknewwherethephoneswerecomingfrom.OnMarch22,agroupofvolunteersfromacoastalclean-uporganization,alongwithtwojournalistsfinallyfoundoutthe___23___totheirpuzzle.Theydiscovereda(n)___24___shippingcontainerand___25___ofseveralGarfieldphonesinsidearockyseacave.Thecaveishardtofind,andcanonlybe___26___whenthetide(sea)islow.Shippingcontainersareusedtomovethingslikefood,clothingandotheritems___27___thesea.Cargoships___28___hundredsofthehugesteelcontainersfromthecountrieswherethegoodsaremadeorgrown,tothecountrieswheretheywillbe___29___.However,___30___knowsforsurehowtheshippingcontainerfullofGarfieldphonesendedupinthe___31___.Peoplewholiveintheareasaythatthe___32___firstshoweduponbeaches___33___abigstormintheearly1990s.Thecontainer___34___felloffashipduringthestorm,butnobodyeverreportedthatitwas___35___.TheGarfieldphoneshavebecomeasymboloftheproblemofocean___36___FabienBoileauisthedirectorofIroiseMarineNaturalPark,wherethecavewiththephonesis___37___.HesaidtheGarfieldphoneshelppeopleto___38___thatplastictrashdoesn't___39___intheocean.Someofthecolourfulplasticpiecesstilllookalmost___40___,eventhoughtheywerewashedoverboardmorethan30yearsago.21.A.built B.washed C.given D.blown22.A.decades B.years C.centuries D.months23.A.theory B.evidence C.belief D.answer24.A.ordinary B.emptied C.strange D.broken25.A.pictures B.films C.calls D.parts26.A.reached B.founded C.protected D.used27.A.by B.on C.across D.around28.A.provide B.carry C.possess D.include29.A.stored B.exported C.sold D.destroyed30.A.everybody B.thegroup C.theorganization D.nobody31A.country B.sea C.cave D.ship32.A.phones B.cats C.bodies D.wastes33.A.before B.after C.until D.despite34.A.immediately B.probably C.secretly D.eventually35.A.stolen B.hidden C.missing D.sinking36.A.voyage B.exploration C.protection D.pollution37.A.located B.watched C.separated D.repaired38.A.explain B.observe C.understand D.conclude39.A.breakdown B.diedown C.godown D.slowdown40.A.normal B.new C.real D.cool【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.D25.D26.A27.C28.B29.C30.D31.C32.A33.B34.B35.C36.D37.A38.C39.A40.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述法國海灘不斷出現(xiàn)有加菲貓形象的塑料手機，但沒人知道這些手機的來歷,直到30年后的今天這個謎才被一群海岸環(huán)保志愿者揭開。原來這些手機來自附近的一個海蝕巖洞,里面有一個破損的裝滿加菲貓塑料手機的集裝箱?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：自20世紀90年代以來，長得像加菲貓的塑料電話就被沖上了法國的海灘。A.built修建；B.washed洗滌，沖刷；C.given給予；D.blown吹。根據(jù)下文“uponbeachesinFrance”可知手機是被海水沖刷到海灘的，故選B。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但三十年來，沒有人知道這些手機是從哪里來的。A.decades十年；B.years年；C.centuries世紀；D.months月。從20世紀90年代到現(xiàn)在2021年，時間跨度是30年，decade表示十年，故選A?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：3月22日，一群來自海岸清理組織的志愿者和兩名記者終于找到了讓他們困惑的答案。A.theory理論；B.evidence證據(jù)；C.belief信念；D.answer答案。根據(jù)后文“totheirpuzzle”可知puzzle【24題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們在一個多巖石的海洞里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個破損的海運集裝箱和一些加菲貓手機的部件。A.ordinary普通的；B.emptied清空的；C.strange奇怪的；D.broken打破的，破損的。從后文可知這個裝滿加菲貓手機的集裝箱很有可能是在暴風(fēng)雨中從貨運船上意外掉落的，既然手機從集裝箱里面出來了，說明集裝箱已經(jīng)是破損的，故選D?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們在一個多巖石的海洞里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個破損的海運集裝箱和一些加菲貓手機的部件。A.pictures圖片；B.films電影；C.calls電話；D.parts部分，零件?？梢韵胂?，經(jīng)過海水近30年的沖刷，手機已經(jīng)破損，只能看到一些部件漂浮在水面上。故選D。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這個洞穴很難找到，只有在退潮時才能到達。A.reached抵達；B.founded建立；C.protected保護；D.used使用。從上文可以推斷這些志愿者是到了巖洞才發(fā)現(xiàn)集裝箱的，故選A。【27題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：海運集裝箱是用來運送食物、衣服和其他物品的。A.by借助；B.on在上面；C.across穿過；D.around圍繞。根據(jù)后文中的“Cargoships...from...to...”可知貨船是跨海運輸?shù)?，故選C?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：貨船將數(shù)百個巨大的鋼鐵集裝箱從貨物的生產(chǎn)國或種植國運送到將要銷售這些貨物的國家。A.provide提供；B.carry搬運，運送；C.possess控制；D.include包含。根據(jù)后文“hundredsofthehugesteelcontainersfromthecountrieswherethegoodsaremadeorgrown”可知此處指貨船將數(shù)百個巨大的鋼鐵集裝箱從貨物的生產(chǎn)國或種植國運送到將要銷售這些貨物的國家。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：貨船將數(shù)百個巨大的鋼鐵集裝箱從貨物的生產(chǎn)國或種植國運送到將要銷售這些貨物的國家。A.stored儲存；B.exported出口；C.sold出售；D.destroyed破壞。根據(jù)上文“tothecountrieswheretheywillbe”可知指把集裝箱運送到將要銷售這些貨物的國家。故選C。【30題詳解】考查不定代詞和名詞詞組辨析。句意：然而，沒有人確切知道裝滿加菲貓手機的集裝箱是如何到達洞穴的。A.everybody每個人；B.thegroup團隊；C.theorganization組織；D.nobody沒有人。根據(jù)however表達的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)該是沒有人說得清楚個中緣由，故選D?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，沒有人確切知道裝滿加菲貓手機的集裝箱是如何到達洞穴的。A.country國家；B.sea海洋；C.cave洞穴；D.ship船。前文“ofseveralGarfieldphonesinsidearockyseacave”已經(jīng)清楚表明集裝箱是在巖洞里發(fā)現(xiàn)的，故選C?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：住在該地區(qū)的人們說，電話首次出現(xiàn)在海灘上是在20世紀90年代初的一場大風(fēng)暴之后。A.phones電話，手機；B.cats貓；C.bodies身體；D.wastes廢物。根據(jù)前文“piece