2023屆新教材高考英語(yǔ)全程一輪復(fù)習(xí)Unit1ScienceandScientists學(xué)生用書(shū)新人教版選擇性

UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS(一)分類識(shí)記單詞——用時(shí)少·功效高eq\a\vs4\al(識(shí)記單詞寫(xiě)對(duì))Ⅰ.知其意1．choleran.________________2．contradictoryadj.________________3．germn.________________4．pumpn.________________5．shadown.________________6．substantialadj.________________7．statisticn．[pl.]________________8．proteinn.________________9．celln.________________10．virusn.________________11．vaccinen.________________12．concreten.________________adj.________________13．a(chǎn)erospacen.________________14．patrioticadj.________________15．mechanicaladj.________________16．mechanicn.________________17．a(chǎn)viationn.________________18．missilen.________________19．a(chǎn)stronomern.________________20．a(chǎn)stronomyn.________________Ⅱ.寫(xiě)其形1．________adj.極為惡劣的；十分嚴(yán)重的；嚴(yán)厲的2．________adj.懊惱的；沮喪的；失意的3．________vt.&vi.懷疑；疑有；不信任n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑對(duì)象4．________n．把手；拉手；柄vt.處理；搬動(dòng)；操縱(車輛、動(dòng)物、工具等)5．________n．聯(lián)系；紐帶vt.把……連接起來(lái)；相關(guān)聯(lián)6．________adj.未煮的；生的；未經(jīng)處理的；原始的7．________vt.投射；向……投以(視線、笑容等)；投擲8．________vt.倒出；傾瀉；斟(飲料)9．________n．領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能10．________vt.追溯；追蹤；查出n．痕跡；遺跡；蹤跡11．________adj.優(yōu)秀的；杰出的；明顯的12．________prep.除……之外(還)adv.而且；此外13．________adv.此外；再者14．________n．改變；轉(zhuǎn)換；輪班vi.&vt.轉(zhuǎn)移；挪動(dòng)；轉(zhuǎn)向15．________vi.認(rèn)購(gòu)(股份)；定期訂購(gòu)；定期交納(會(huì)費(fèi))16．________n．彩虹17．__________adj.抽象的；理性的n.(文獻(xiàn)等的)摘要18．________n．概念；觀念核心單詞練通1．Helikestofind________(弱點(diǎn)；過(guò)錯(cuò))withotherpeople,whichmakesthemveryunhappy.2．Inouroffice,Jimisanabsolutely________(聰穎的)expertincomputers,andhealwayssolvesthecomplexproblemsinafewminutes.3．Owingtotheenvironmentalpollution,thisspeciesofbirdis________(降低)innumberseveryyear.4．Paulhasbeenhelpingthehomelessforovertwoyearsandithasgreatly________(使改觀)hislife.5．________(責(zé)備)byhisteacher，theboywasfrustratedandcouldn'tconcentrateonhisstudy.6．Withno________(可靠的)evidence,herefusedtoadmitstealingthelady'spurse.拓展單詞用活Ⅰ.記全記牢1．infectvt.使感染；傳染→________n．感染；傳染2．pureadj.干凈的；純的；純粹的→________v．凈化3．thinkv．認(rèn)為；思考→________n．思想；思維；見(jiàn)解4．findv．發(fā)現(xiàn)→________n．發(fā)現(xiàn)；調(diào)查結(jié)果；(法律)判決5．a(chǎn)ssistvt.幫助；協(xié)助；援助→________n．幫助；協(xié)助→________n．助理；助手6．giftn．天賦；天分→________adj.有天賦的；有天才的；天資聰慧的7．steadyadj.穩(wěn)定的；平穩(wěn)的；穩(wěn)步的→________adv.平穩(wěn)地；持續(xù)地8．defendvt.保衛(wèi)；防守；辯解→________n．防御；保衛(wèi)9．provevt.證明；證明是→________n．證據(jù)；證明；檢驗(yàn)10．vividadj.生動(dòng)的；鮮明的；豐富的→________adv.生動(dòng)地11．initialadj.最初的；開(kāi)始的；第一的→________adv.起初Ⅱ.用準(zhǔn)用活1．Withsolid________，thelawyercancertainly________thatheisinnocent.(prove)2．Intimeofwar,lotsofmoneywillbespenton________andmanymeasureswillbetakento________acountryfrombeingattacked.(defend)3．Tomisan________teacherinthecollege.Heoften________thestudentswiththeirproblemsandgives________toanystudentinneed.(assist)4．Hedescribed________whathesawinLondon,givingusa________pictureaboutpeople'slifethere.(vivid)5．________，Ientirelyknewaboutthe________stepstheytooktocreateabettercampus.(initial)6．①Chineseclassicalmusicisoftenplayedbymany________(gift)musicianswhoplaytraditionalChineseinstrumentslikeguzheng,pipa,xiaoandsoon.②[2020·新高考山東卷]Someindividualsarebornwitha________(gift)forpublicspeaking.7．①I(mǎi)nspiteofthis,thenumberofpeoplehavingmobilephonesisincreasing________(steady).②Wearemakingslowbut________(steady)progress.(二)語(yǔ)境記憶短語(yǔ)——不枯燥·興趣高Ⅰ.記全記牢1．________________最終地；徹底地2．________________同意；贊同3．________________幸虧；由于4．________________(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然開(kāi)始；爆發(fā)5．________________主管；掌管6．________________患(病)；染上(小病)7．________________最重要的是；尤其是8．________________對(duì)……有影響9．________________負(fù)有責(zé)任10．________________在某人的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下Ⅱ.用準(zhǔn)用活選用左欄短語(yǔ)填空1.Samisaverymodestyoungman.________，heoweshissuccesstoeveryonearoundhim.2.ThereasonwhyI________withacoldwasthatIwascaughtintherainonthewaybackhomeyesterdayafternoon.3．Henryis__________thedepartment,soheknowsaboutthedepartmentverywell.4．________hermother'sloveandencouragement,shefinallydefeatedthedisease.5．Whynotcommunicatedirectlywithhimandsolvethismatter________．·會(huì)積累聯(lián)想拓展·1．以“-ship”為后綴的高頻名詞①scholarship獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金；學(xué)問(wèn)；學(xué)術(shù)成就②friendship友誼③leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位④relationship關(guān)系⑤hardship苦難⑥championship冠軍稱號(hào)2．常見(jiàn)英語(yǔ)反義形容詞①eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(abstract抽象的,concrete具體的))②eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(positive積極的,negative消極的))③eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(optimistic樂(lè)觀的,pessimistic悲觀的))3．有無(wú)定冠詞大相徑庭①inchargeof主管；看管；負(fù)責(zé)inthechargeof被掌管；由……負(fù)責(zé)②incontrolof控制；管理inthecontrolof被……控制③inpossessionof占有；擁有inthepossessionof被占有；為……所有(三)仿寫(xiě)用活句式——造佳句·表達(dá)高句式背誦句型1so...that...“如此……以至于……”Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.他發(fā)現(xiàn)尤其在兩條街道上的霍亂爆發(fā)是如此嚴(yán)重以至于十天內(nèi)死了500多人。句型2“havesth.done”使某事被做Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.相應(yīng)地，他讓人把水泵的手柄拆了，這樣水泵就不能用了。句型3until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld，untilaBritishdoctor，JohnSnow，showedhowitcouldbeovercome.在英國(guó)醫(yī)生約翰·斯諾向人們展示如何戰(zhàn)勝霍亂之前，霍亂曾是世界上最令人恐懼的疾病之一。句式仿寫(xiě)1．每天堅(jiān)持寫(xiě)學(xué)習(xí)日記是如此重要，所以我想把這種學(xué)習(xí)方法介紹給你們。Keepingalearningdiaryeverydayis____________________________________________．2．今天不上班，所以她終于可以請(qǐng)人把空調(diào)修理一下了。Sheisoffworktodaysoshecan________________________________eventually.3．我們將推遲去埃及觀光，直到那里的局勢(shì)穩(wěn)定下來(lái)。WewillputoffgoingtoEgyptforsightseeing_______________________________．過(guò)重難解惑釋疑——先練透再寫(xiě)美·互動(dòng)探究1.blamevt.把……歸咎于；責(zé)怪；指責(zé)n．指責(zé)；責(zé)備blamesth.onsb.把某事歸咎于某人betoblame(for)應(yīng)(為……)承擔(dān)責(zé)任；該(為……)受責(zé)備(2)lay/puttheblameon把……歸咎于……[佳句]Insteadofblamingeachother，weshouldcommunicatemoreandputourselvesinothers'place.我們應(yīng)該多交流、換位思考而不是相互責(zé)怪。[指津]betoblame中不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，該短語(yǔ)用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含義。[練透]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thebossdidn'tblamehisassistant____________themistake，whichwasbeyondexpectations.＝Thebossdidn'tblamethemistake________hisassistant，whichwasbeyondexpectations.②Itwastheprofessorratherthanhisassistantthatwas________(blame)forwhathadhappenedinthelab.[寫(xiě)美]——句式升級(jí)③Alicewasinlowspiritsbecauseshewasblamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork.→________________________________________________，Alicewasinlowspirits.(分詞作狀語(yǔ))2.decreasen．減少；降低；減少量vt.&vi.(使大小、數(shù)量等)減少；減小；降低(1)decreaseby減少了decrease(from...)to(從……)減少到decreasein在某方面下降(2)onthedecrease在下降；在減少adecreaseinsth.某方面的減少/下降ontheincrease 正在增加[佳句]Therehasbeenadecreaseofnearly6%inthenumberofvisitorstothemuseum.參觀博物館的人數(shù)下降了將近6%。[近義]lessen,decline[反義]increase,rise[練透]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①Comparedwithlastyear,thetrafficaccidentsinthecityhasdecreased________30%.②________(decrease)theamountofrubbishandtoprotecttheenvironment,moregovernmentsarerequiringpeopletorecyclematerials.[寫(xiě)美]——一句多譯由于人類活動(dòng)，一些稀有動(dòng)物的數(shù)目在減少。③Becauseofhumanactivities,thenumberofsomerareanimals________________．④Becauseofhumanactivities,thenumberofsomerareanimals_________________．3.transformvi.&vt.轉(zhuǎn)化；轉(zhuǎn)換；改造；變換(1)o...把……變成……transformsb./sth.from...把某人/某物從……中轉(zhuǎn)變(2)transformationn.改變；變革[佳句]I'mfullyawarethatit'stheexperiencefrommylifeabroadthathastotallytransformedme.我充分意識(shí)到，是在國(guó)外的生活經(jīng)歷完全改變了我。[指津]常見(jiàn)“trans-”詞根的單詞有：①transplantv．移植②translatev．翻譯③transmitv．傳送；傳播④transferv．轉(zhuǎn)移；轉(zhuǎn)讓[練透]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①[2020·浙江卷7月]Newpowermachineryandartificialfertilizers(化肥)havenowtotally________(transform)awayoflifethatstartedintheStoneAge.②Thepasttenyearshaswitnessedagreat________(transform)ofmyhometown.[寫(xiě)美]——詞匯升級(jí)③YourgeneroushelpandtendercareturnedmyfirstAmericantripintoanunforgettablememory.→Yourgeneroushelpandtendercare____________________________myfirstAmericantripintoanunforgettablememory.4.defendvt.保衛(wèi)；防守；辯解(1)defend...from/against保護(hù)……以免受defendoneself為自己辯護(hù)；自衛(wèi)(2)defencen.防御；保衛(wèi)indefence(of)保護(hù)；為了保衛(wèi)；(為……)辯護(hù)inone'sdefence為某人辯護(hù)[佳句]Themonumentisinmemoryofthesoldierswhodiedindefenceoftheircountry.這座紀(jì)念碑是為了紀(jì)念為保衛(wèi)國(guó)家而犧牲的士兵。[練透]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①I(mǎi)tisthenatureofamothertodoallshecantodefendherchild________harmanddanger.②Shesteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhandsasif________defence.[寫(xiě)美]——讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之肢體動(dòng)作描寫(xiě)看到這條兇猛的蛇，他像箭一樣沖過(guò)去保護(hù)兒子。③Seeingthefiercesnake，herushed________________hissonlikeanarrow.(defend)④Seeingthefiercesnake，herushed________________hissonlikeanarrow.(defence)5.inchargeof負(fù)責(zé)/掌管(表狀態(tài))(1)inthechargeof由……來(lái)負(fù)責(zé)；被……掌管takechargeof負(fù)責(zé)/看管(表動(dòng)作)freeofcharge免費(fèi)(2)charge(sb.)forsth.為……要價(jià)chargesb.with(doing)sth.指控某人(做)某事[佳句]I'llbeinchargeofthewholefactorynextweekwhenthemanagerisaway.＝I'lltakechargeofthewholefactorynextweekwhenthemanagerisaway.＝Thewholefactorywillbeinthechargeofmenextweekwhenthemanagerisaway.下周廠長(zhǎng)不在時(shí)，我將負(fù)責(zé)整個(gè)工廠。[練透]——補(bǔ)全句子①I(mǎi)'mgoingtovisitthemuseumwhich________________(不收門(mén)票)tomorrowmorning.②Youcantakeasmanyasyoulike,becausethey________________(免費(fèi)).③He________________(被指控謀殺)andsentencedtodeath.[寫(xiě)美]——應(yīng)用文之活動(dòng)安排④作為學(xué)生會(huì)主席，我被委派負(fù)責(zé)你在天津逗留期間的所有活動(dòng)。AschairmanoftheStudentAssociation，Iwasappointedto__________________________duringyourstayinTianjin.6.aboveall最重要的是；尤其是(1)afterall畢竟；終究(2)allinall整體說(shuō)來(lái)；總而言之(3)inall全部；合計(jì)(4)firstofall首先(5)atall(否定句)一點(diǎn)也不；(疑問(wèn)句)到底；究竟[佳句]Ifyouwanttobepopular，aboveall，joininourclassactivitiesandmakeacontributiontoourclassifpossible.如果你想受歡迎，首先，參加我們的班級(jí)活動(dòng)，如果可能的話對(duì)班級(jí)做些貢獻(xiàn)。[練透]——用all的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空①I(mǎi)fyouwanttoachievesuccess,________，youmustbestrictwithyourself.②Iwasveryupsettofindoutthathedidn'tlikemygift________．③Thelittlegirlwasanxiousandbegantotremble.________，itwasthefirsttimethatshehadbeenonthestage.[寫(xiě)美]——應(yīng)用文之申請(qǐng)信④[全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書(shū)面表達(dá)]最重要的是，我精通英語(yǔ)，所以我與他人溝通沒(méi)有困難。________，IhaveagoodcommandofEnglish,soI________________________________．7.句型公式：have＋賓語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.相應(yīng)地，他讓人把水泵的手柄拆了，這樣水泵就不能用了。(1)havesth.done讓別人做某事；將某事做完havesb.dosth. 讓某人做某事havesb./sth.doingsth.讓某人一直做某事或讓某事處于某種狀態(tài)(2)can't/couldn'thavesb.doingsth. 不允許某人做某事(否定句)(3)havesth.todo有某事要做(不定式作定語(yǔ))[佳句]Nowthatyouhaverealizedthatyourtimeislimited，youmuststudyhardertohaveyourgoalachieved.既然你已經(jīng)意識(shí)到你的時(shí)間是有限的，你必須更加努力學(xué)習(xí)以實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)。[練透]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thebosshadme________(set)downwhatpeoplepresentatthemeetingsaid.②Hewasveryfunnyandhadus________(laugh)alltheway.③Hecouldnothaveher________(get)awaywithtellingpeoplelies.[寫(xiě)美]——應(yīng)用文之新聞報(bào)道④[2020·全國(guó)Ⅱ，書(shū)面表達(dá)]我們開(kāi)始幫忙摘桃子，然后讓人把它們送到農(nóng)民家里。Webegantohelppickpeachesandthen______________________．8.句型公式：until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld，untilaBritishdoctor，JohnSnow，showedhowitcouldbeovercome.在英國(guó)醫(yī)生約翰·斯諾向人們展示如何戰(zhàn)勝霍亂之前，霍亂曾是世界上最令人恐懼的疾病之一。(1)not...until...意為“直到……才……”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；(2)在not...until...句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，可以把notuntil提到句首，此時(shí)主句用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序；(3)not...until...句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式為Itis/wasnotuntil...that...。[佳句]Shedidn'tgotobeduntilshefinishedherhomework.她直到做完作業(yè)，才去睡覺(jué)。[練透]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①[2021·新高考卷Ⅰ讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)]Everythingwasgoingsmoothly__________Jeffstartedfryingthebread.②ItwasnotuntilIsettleddownandlivedinBeijing________IhadachancetopayavisittotheGreatWall.[寫(xiě)美]——一句多譯直到我經(jīng)歷了這場(chǎng)事故，我才明白壞運(yùn)氣有可能是正在等待開(kāi)啟的門(mén)。(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之升華句)③Iwasn'tawarethatbadfortunemightbethedoorwaitingtobeopened_______________．④__________________________________________________________________________badfortunemightbethedoorwaitingtobeopened.(倒裝句)●刷題強(qiáng)訓(xùn)·精題細(xì)作●(維度1)詞形轉(zhuǎn)換1．[2021·天津3月卷]Afterlettinggoofhisangerand________(frustrate),hefoundhimselfonaroadtosympathyinstead.2．[2020·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ]Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthe________(pure)ofCentralAsiantraditions.3．Thepollutedriveristheliving________(prove)oftheenvironmentalpollutioncausedbythechemicalfactory.4．Giventhatthedriverinjuredthepasser-by,hewasso________(severe)punishedthathisparentswere________(frustrate).5．Muchtoourjoy,hishealthisgetting________(steady)betterwithtimegoingby.6．Ifyouareshortinmoneybutstillwantthebicycle,asktheshop________(assist)toreducetheprice.(維度2)固定用法和搭配在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式1．Atthattime,peoplewereadvisedtostayathometoreducetheriskofgetting________(infect).2．Overthepastdecades,seaicehasbeen________thedecreaseintheArcticasaresultofglobalwarming.3．Shelistened，________(shift)nervouslyfromonefoottoanother.4．Whenshesawhereffortspaidoff，tearsofhappiness________(pour)downJane'scheeks.5．Whatmadetheassistantannoyedwasthathe________(suspect)ofstealinghismoney.6．Inreality,expertsbelievethattheillness________(link)totheuseofchemicalpesticide.7．HedeclinedhisinvitationnotbecauseIwasbusy________becauseIwasnotinterestedinsuchgatherings.8．Thanks________herpatienceandefforts,shefinallycontactedthemanwhowas________chargeofthecompany.(維度3)根據(jù)提示，運(yùn)用本單元的詞匯、短語(yǔ)及句式或使用詞匯的正確形式完成下面的語(yǔ)篇①________________________(出生在蘇格蘭)，AlexanderFlemingwasbroughtupbyhismotherandhiselderbrother.Supportedbythem，thebrilliantboygoteducatedinamedicalschoolinLondon.②____________________________(大學(xué)畢業(yè)之后)，hemadegreatcontributionstomedicalscience，but③____________________________(正是他發(fā)現(xiàn)了青霉素)earnedhimalastingreputation.Onceandforall，hewasknownforthatachievement，④________________________________________(為此他獲得了諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)).ItisclearthatFlemingisoneofthemostoutstandingscientistsinhistory.測(cè)效果素養(yǎng)提能——先提能再培優(yōu)·素養(yǎng)落實(shí)提能一熟詞生義1．[2020·江蘇卷]Theyshiftedtheirviewpointsfrequently.____________2．[全國(guó)卷Ⅲ]Whenmostofusgetatextmessageonourcellphonefromanunknownperson，weusuallysay“sorry，wrongnumber！”____________3．[2020·天津7月卷]“Smalldoesnotmeanweak，sir，”shedefendedherself.“IwasborninthecountryofWisconsin.I'vedriventeamsofhorsesandcarriedwater.Makingafull-lengthclay(黏土)figurewouldnotexhaustmystrength—andthatiswhatIintendtodo！”____________提能二讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)微技能—?jiǎng)幼髅鑼?xiě)之a(chǎn)rm動(dòng)“手臂”日積月累waveone'sarms揮動(dòng)某人的雙臂，foldone'sarms某人雙臂交叉，takeone'sarm挽住某人的胳膊，catch/grabone'sarm抓住某人的胳膊，oone'sarms拉某人進(jìn)懷，holdout/openone'sarms某人伸出/張開(kāi)雙臂，put/throwone'sarmsaroundsb.摟住某人，keepsb.atarm'slength同某人保持一定距離，withcrossedarms雙臂交叉，withopenarms雙臂張開(kāi)(歡迎),arminarm手挽手1.按要求用與“arm”相關(guān)的表達(dá)補(bǔ)全下面各句①他向前跑著，揮動(dòng)著雙臂。Herantothedoor，________________.(分詞作狀語(yǔ))②她站在那里，雙臂交叉，看上去很生氣。________________________________lookingveryangry.(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))③他微笑著伸出/張開(kāi)雙臂。________________smiling.(簡(jiǎn)單句)④她轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身，和他保持一定的距離。________________________________________________(簡(jiǎn)單句)⑤他只得走近她，伸出一只手抓住她的左胳膊。Hehadtoapproachherand________________________________.(動(dòng)作描寫(xiě))⑥他挽住她的胳膊，低聲道歉說(shuō)：“對(duì)不起”。________________________whisperinganapology,“I'msorry.”(簡(jiǎn)單句)⑦他們手挽手走回家。________________________________(簡(jiǎn)單句)2．將以上各句合并成小短文并背誦成文，注意使用合適的銜接過(guò)渡詞匯________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________選擇性必修第二冊(cè)UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS過(guò)基礎(chǔ)晨讀晚練(一)分類識(shí)記單詞識(shí)記單詞寫(xiě)對(duì)Ⅰ.知其意1．霍亂2.相互矛盾的；對(duì)立的；不一致的3.微生物；細(xì)菌；病菌4.泵；抽水機(jī)；打氣筒5.陰影；影子；背光處6.大量的；價(jià)值巨大的；重大的7.統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字；統(tǒng)計(jì)資料；統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Ⅱ.寫(xiě)其形18．concept核心單詞練通拓展單詞用活Ⅰ.記全記牢4．finding5.assistanceassistantⅡ.用準(zhǔn)用活1．ve2.defencedefend3．a(chǎn)ssistantassistsassistance4．vividlyvivid5.Initiallyinitial6．①gifted②gift7.①steadily②steady(二)語(yǔ)境記憶短語(yǔ)Ⅰ.記全記牢1．onceandfora