初高中銜接教育句子成分賓語補足語（共42張）

賓語補足語的用法英語的五個基本結(jié)構(gòu)S十V 主謂結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十P 主系表結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O十C主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu)說明：S＝主語；V＝謂語；P＝表語；O＝賓語；O1＝間接賓語；O2＝直接賓語；C＝賓語補足語

可以加賓補的動詞總結(jié)能帶賓語補足語結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞一定是及物動詞。第一類：

doing表示動作在進行；+done表示被動或狀態(tài)do表示動作全過程

Ihearthemsingasong.Ihearthemsingingasong.Ihearasongsung.Heheardadistantvoiceshouting.IcouldsmellChinesevegetablescooking.感官動詞see,notice,hear,listento,watch,feel,smell,find,observe等第二類：使役動詞的用法：1.letsb./sth.dosth.無被動2.dosth.使某人做某事，sb.bemadetodomakesb./sth.done

使某人被……3.dosth.使某人做某事(無被動)havesb./sth.doing

sth.使某人一直做（動作一直進行）

done

使某人被…或表示“遭遇不幸”4.todosth.使某人做某事getsb./sth.doingsth使某人一直做（動作一直在進行）done使某人被…keep/leave+sb/sth+doing表動作在進行done表被動或狀態(tài)We’vejusthadthehousedecorated.Youmustgetthecarrepaired.Atmyschooltheydon’tmakeuswearschooluniform.Theyletuswearwhateverwelike.第三類：含命名意義的動詞，如call,name,appoint,elect,make,consider等，這類詞所接的賓補一般是名詞。CallmeJoe,please.Shewaselectedthepresidentofthecompany.Theyhavemademethechairman.Theyhavemademeanicechair.第四類：v+sb+todosth結(jié)構(gòu)中的動詞，所接的賓補多是不定式。常見的動詞有很多，如ask,want,wish(無hope),tell,order,warn,advise(無suggest),allow,permit(無agree),invite,forbid,expect,beg,force,encourage,inspire,request,causesend,teach,train,remind,require(無demand),

wouldlike,wouldprefer等等.Iwishyoutohaveagoodtrip.Theyaskedmetotellyouhowmuchweappreciatedyourhelp.Helpmemovethedesk,willyou?賓語補足語可以由這九類來承擔(dān)：

n./adj./adv./介詞短語/v.原型/ing/v-ed/todo/tobe1.Wechosehimourmonitor.n.2.Wemustmakeourclassroomclean.adj.3.Hefoundthelighton.adv.4.Thefiremengotthefireundercontrol.介詞短語5.Theteacherlethimstandout.v.原型6.Didyouhearsomeonesinging?

v-ing7.Theparentsmaketheirchildreneducated.v-ed8.Thedoctoradvisedmetohavearest.todo9.Weallconsiderhimtobeahero.tobe一、主語+謂語+賓語+補足語（名詞）用作賓語補足語的名詞或（補足語）從句，一般表示身份、官銜、職業(yè)、名稱等，而謂語動詞是表示“稱謂”、“認(rèn)可”之類意義的動詞，如call,choose,elect,find,make,name等。例：1.Hehasn’thadanythingpublishedandhecallshimselfawriter!2.Youcancallmewhatyoulike.3.Henamedhissonwhathisfatherhadnamedhim.elect,name,appoint也可跟tobe或as引導(dǎo)的短語作賓語補足語，這時tobe或as可以省略。

Theyappointedhim(tobe/as)chairman.二、主語+謂語+賓語+補足語（形容詞）

用作賓語補足語的形容詞是由動詞的動作引起的狀態(tài)、情況或?qū)е碌慕Y(jié)果。這類動詞包括cut,beat,drive,find,get,lay,leave,make,paint,pull,push,set,tear,wish等。例：1.Theybeattheprisonerunconscious.2.Wefoundhim(tobe)dishonest.3.ThecupboardisstuckandIcan’tpullitopen.4.He’sdeadandit’snousewishinghimaliveagain.三、主語+謂語+賓語+（tobe）+補足語（形容詞/名詞）

用“(tobe)+形容詞/名詞”作賓語補足語，tobe?？墒∪ァ＿@類動詞主要包括表示意見、相信或心理狀態(tài)的動詞，如believe,consider,feel,know,observe,prove,see,show,think等。1.Hesaidheconsideredme(tobe)toolazytobeagoodworker.2.Hefelttheplantobeunwise.(=Hefeltthattheplanwasunwise.)3.Thetaskproved(tobe)moredifficultthanwe’dthought.4.Heshowedhimself(tobe)adishonestrascal.注意：此類句型一般可以轉(zhuǎn)化為賓語從句。

四、主語+謂語+it+補足語（形容詞/名詞）+從句/不定式/-ing本句型是句型二、三的拓展。動詞的賓語為從句、不定式、-ing形式，常用it作形式主語，而將真正的賓語移至句末。這類動詞有feel,consider,believe,make,think等。例：Ifeelitnecessarytomakeacorrection.Iconsideritagreathonourtobeherewithyoutoday.Shemadeitclearthatsheobjectedtotheproposal.Doyouthinkitpossibletofinishtheworkbeforetheendofthismonth？五、主語+謂語+賓語+補足語（帶to的不定式）本句型常用的謂語動詞一般是表示勸告、命令、允許、要求、警告、希望導(dǎo)致、使役等意義的動詞，advise,ask,order,allow,permit/force,encourage,get,persuade,prefer,require,send,tell,want,wish等。例：1.Thedoctororderedmetostayinbed.2.Thesoldiersforcedtheirprisonerstogiveuparms.3.Hepersuadedhisdaughtertochangehermind.4.Thedirectorpreferredhertoacttheoldlady.

六、主語+謂語+賓語+補足語（不帶to的不定式）本句型常用的謂語動詞一般是表示感覺的動詞，如see,hear,feel,watch,notice,observe,watch，使役動詞have,let,make以及help，know。例：1.Isawhimputthekeyinthelock,turnitandopenthedoor.2.Didyounoticemeleavethehouse？3.Iwouldhaveyouknow,sir,thatthecityhasfallentoourarmy.

七、主語+謂語+賓語+補足語（-ing形式）本句型常用的謂語動詞一般是表示感覺的動詞和使役動詞，see,hear,feel,watch,notice,observe,smell,catch,get,have,keep,leave,send,set等，賓語和補足語之間邏輯上存在著主謂關(guān)系。例：1.Helookedoutthroughthewindowandobservedmewalkingalongtheboatdeck.2.Shestoodalone,watchingthesnowfallingoutside.3.It’snothardtogethimtalking，theproblemisstoppinghim.4.Thesightofhersethisheartbeatingfaster.

注意：感覺動詞如see,hear,feel,watch,notice,observe,watch等后用動詞不定式，表示聽到或看見整個行動、整個事件的過程，而用現(xiàn)在分詞表示聽到或看見整個行動、整個事件的過程中的一部分。試比較：Shewatchedthechildrencrossing/astheycrosstheroad.她看到孩子們過街。（即看到他們正在過街，但不一定自始至終）Shewatchedthechildrencrosstheroad.她看著孩子們穿過街道。（即留意過街的整個過程）只能用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語的動詞有：catch,keep,mind,prevent,stop,smell,excuse等。例如：Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette.Hiswordsstartedmethinking.catchsb.doing：抓住某人正在….mindsb.doing:介意某人做某事imaginesb.doing:想象某人做某事leavesb./sth.doing:使得/留下某人….keepsb./sth.doing:使得某人….Thepolicemancaughtthethiefstealing.Heleftthelightburning.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.注意：leave/keep也可用done做賓補，表示狀態(tài)或被動Heleftthehomeworkunfinished.Wekeepthedoorclosed.八、主語+謂語+賓語+補足語（-ed形式）本句型常用的謂語動詞一般是表示感覺、愿望的動詞和使役動詞，如see,hear,feel,watch,notice,need,order,like,want,wish,observe,have,let,make等，賓語和補足語之間邏輯上存在著動賓關(guān)系。例：1.HaveyoueverheardthatsongsunginFrench？2.Weshouldkeeptheminformedofwhatisgoingonhere.3.CanyoumakeyourselfunderstoodinEnglish？4.Iwantit(tobe)doneasquicklyaspossible.

Ihadmywatchrepaired.Ihadmyroomcleaned.Ihadmyfootinjured.Shefoundhishaircut.Shefoundhisclotheswashed.Shefoundhisroomcleaned.

havesth./sb.done

findsth./sbdoneHegothisleginjured.Hegothiscameradamaged.Hegothisglassesbroken.

getsth./sbdoneIsawhimbeatenbyhismother.Isawhimbittenbyadog.Isawhimrobbedbyaman.

seesth./sb.doneImadehimpunished.

makesth./sb.doneIwatchedhimkilled.

watchsth./sbdone九、主語+謂語+賓語+補足語（介詞短語）

本句型常用的謂語動詞一般是表示感覺的動詞和使役動詞，如consider,hear,find,make等，介詞短語表示狀態(tài)或結(jié)果。例：1.Sheconsideredherselfaboveothers.2.Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutsideinthegarden.3.Shefoundeverythingingoodorder.4.Isawbothofthematworkintheshop.

解題要點：首先要知道動詞后是跟todo還是ing，ed,或是原型。其次要知道他們做賓補的區(qū)別：todo做賓補常表示要去做的動作。ing做賓補常表示正在進行的或是延續(xù)的動作ed做賓補常表示被動的動作。

v.原型做賓補常表示動作全過程（跟在感官v.后）此外，ing和ed做賓補還可以表示賓語的狀態(tài)，此時類似于adj.最后根據(jù)題目的語境認(rèn)真分析，選出語法和釋義都合理的最佳選項。幾個特殊句式1、With的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)With+n.+V-ingP.P.VtodoAdj.Adv.Prep.with＋賓語＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞用作介詞with的賓語補足語。這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時間、方式、條件、原因等狀語。例如：Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.兇手被帶進來了，他的雙手被綁在背后（表方式）Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.水一被加熱，我們就會看到水蒸氣。（表條件）

Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.事情得到解決，我們都回家了。（表原因）注意：在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)賓語為某一身體部位，且作賓補的動詞是及物動詞時，身體部位通常是過去分詞的邏輯賓語，因而過去分詞不可換用現(xiàn)在分詞。Shestoodinfrontofhim,withhereyesfixedonhisface.

她站在他面前，眼睛注視著他（fixone‘seyeson為固定短語，因此，不可將句中fixed換為fixing）

Hestoodforaninstantwithhishandstillraised.他仍然舉著手站了一會兒。當(dāng)用某些不及物動詞的分詞形式作身體部位的賓補時，用現(xiàn)在分詞的形式。Shefeltherheartbeatingfast.

她覺得心跳很快。（beat意為“心跳”，是不及物動詞）find/leave的用法與with相似2、considerregardtreatlookonhavethinkofsb/sthtobe(as)thinkofsbas/thinksbtobePractice單句改錯Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimselfunderstand.WeallelectedJasonthemonitor.Theteacheraskedusnotmakesomuchnoise.---Whatanicefireyouhaveinyourfireplace!---DuringthewinterIlikemyhousewarmlyandcomfortable.understoodtowarm5.Don’tleavethewaterrunwhileyoubrushyourteeth.6.Hepushedthedooropening.7.Shelookedaroundandcaughtamanputhishandintothepocketofapassenger.8.Withalotofdifficultproblemssettle,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.9.WhenIcamein,Ifoundaboyhidebehindthedoor.10.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdiedofhisworksunfinished.runningopenputtingtohiddenwith①(2016江蘇宿遷市三模)Withthe2022WorldCupfinalinQatar________（take）placeonDecember18，thepublicfixedsightsontheArabnation，causingtheconcernoftheintensesummerheat.②（2016衡水模擬）Shewillchangeswiftlythechannelwhenshehearsanothersoldier_________(kill)---notwantingtoworryaboutherhusband,amilitary(武裝)policeman.③

（2016衡水模擬）Clairehadluggage_______(check)anhourbeforeherplaneleft.④Thetwomenhadtheirlights__________(burn)allnightlong.⑤Somethinghasgonewrongwithmycomputer.I’llgetit________(repair)tomorrow.⑥It’stoonoisyoutside.I’llhavetogetthechildren_______(stop)shouting.⑦Elizabethknewthatnowomanhadeverbeenpermitted________(study)inamedicalcollege.改錯：①EmperorQinShiHuanghadallthewallsjoinup.②Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdogfollowedthem.PracticemoreExercise:Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee____thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout2.Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad_______wentwrongagain.A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired3.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly—electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled4.Withtrees,flowersandgrass_____everywhere,mynativetownhadtakenanewlook.A.plantingB.plantedC.toplantD.tobeplanted5.Shewasgladtoseeherchildwell_____careof.A.takeB.tobetakenC.takenD.taking6.Theresultoftheentranceexamswasnotmade_____tothepublicuntillastThursday.A.knowingB.knownC.toknowD.tobeknown7.Icanmakeyou_____whatIsay,butyoucan’tmakeyourself____inEnglish.A.understand;understandB.understand,understoodC.tounderstand,understandD.understand;tobeunderstood8.Hefoundthem____atatable_____A.sat;toplaychessB.sitting;toplaychessC.seated;playingchessD.seat;playthechess9.Johnrushedoutinahurry,___thedoor_____.A.leaving;unlockedB.leaving;unlockingC.left,unlockedD.toleave;unlocking10.Wearepleasedtoseetheproblem___soquickly.A.settledB.settlingC.besettledD.havingbeensettled11.Icouldfeelthewind___onmyfacefromanopenwindow.A.toblowB.blowingC.tobeblowingD.blownTellhim_____thewindow.toshutnotB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshut2.----There’saholeinyourbag.----Iknow,I’mgoingtohaveit_____.mendB.mendingC.mendedD.tobemended3.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister____,todayhewasmade____byhislittlesister.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry4.Theywoul