2023年職稱英語-職稱英語(綜合類)考試參考題庫（帶參考答案）

住在富人區(qū)的她2023年職稱英語-職稱英語(綜合類)考試參考題庫（帶參考答案）題目一二三四五六總分得分卷I一.單項選擇題(共10題)1.TheStateofMarriageTodayIstheresomethingseriouslywrongwithmarriagetoday?Duringthepast50years,therateofdivorceintheUnitedStateshasexploded:almost50%ofmarriagesendindivorcenow,andtheevidencesuggestsitisgoingtogetworse.Ifthistrendcontinues,itwillleadtothebreakupofthefamily,accordingtoaspokespersonfortheNationalFamilyAssociation.Somefuturistspredictthatin100years,theaverageAmericanwillmarryatleastfourtimes,andextramarital(婚外的)affairswillbeevenmorecommonthantheyarenow.Butwhatarethereasonsforthis,andisthepicturereallysogloomy(昏暗的)?Theanswertothefirstquestionisreallyquitesimple:marriageisnolongerthenecessityitoncewas.Theinstitutionofmarriagehasbeenbasedforyearspartlyoneconomicneed.Womenusedtobeeconomicallydependentontheirhusbands,astheyusuallydidn'thavejobsoutsidethehome.Butwiththerisingnumberofwomeninwell-payingjobs,thisisnolongertheease,sotheydon'tfeelthattheyneedtostayinafailingmarriage.Inanswertothesecondquestion,theoutlookmaynotbeaspessimistic(悲觀的)asitseems.Whiletherateofdivorcehasrisen,therateofcouplesmarryinghasneveractuallyfallenverymuch,somarriageisstillquitepopular.Inadditiontothis,manycouplesnowsimplylivetogetheranddon'tbothertomarry.Thesecouplesareeffectivelymarried,buttheydonotappearineitherthemarriageordivorcestatistics.Infact,morethan50%offirstmarriagessurvive.Soismarriagereallyanoutdatedinstitution?Thefactthatmostpeoplestillgetmarriedindicatesthatitisn't.Anditisalsotruethatmarriedcoupleshaveahealthierlifethansinglepeople:theysufferlessfromstressanditsconsequences,suchasheartproblems,andmarriedmengenerallyconsiderthemselvesmoredependentthantheirsinglecounterparts.Perhapsthekeyistofindoutwhatmakesasuccessfulmarriageandapplyittoallofourrelationships!WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutthemarriageintheUnitedStatestoday?（）A.Divorceleadstothebreakupofthefamily.B.Morethanhalfofthemarriedcouplesgetdivorced.C.Americanpeoplemarrymorethanfourtimes.D.Moreandmorepeoplearegettingdivorced.2.A

lot

of

people

could

fall

ill

after

drinking

→contaminated←

water.(真題)（）A.muddiedB.pollutedC.mixedD.troubled3.HowTechnologyPushesDownPrice1Priceshavefalleninthefoodbusinessbecauseofadvancesinfoodproductionanddistributiontechnology.Consumershavebenefitedgreatlyfromthoseadvances.Peoplewhopredictedthattheworldwouldrunoutoffoodwerewrong.Weareproducingmoreandmorefoodwithlessandlesscapital.Foodisthereforemoreplentifulandcheaperthanithaseverbeen.Spendingonfoodcomparedwithothergoodshasfallenformanyyears，andcontinuestodrop.2Supermarketshavehelpedpushdownpricesmainlybecauseoftheirscale.Likeanybigbusiness，theycaninvestinITsystemsthatmakethemefficient.Andtheirsizeallowsthemtobuyinbulk.Assupermarketsgetbigger，thepricesgetlower.3HugeretailcompaniessuchasWal-Marthavetremendouspowerandtheycanputpressureonproducerstocuttheirmargins.Asaresult，someproducershavehadtomakecuts.Inrecentyears，Unileverhascutitsworkforceby33，000to245,000anddroppedlotsofitsminorbrandsaspartofits“pathtogrowth”strategy.Cadburyhasshutnearly20percentofits133factoriesandcut10percentofits55，000globalworkforceThesecutshelpkeepcostsdown，andthepriceoffoodstayslow.4Doescheapfoodmakepeopleunhealthy?Cheapfoodmayencouragepeopletoeatmore.Foodcompaniescertainlythinkthatgivingpeoplemorefoodfortheirmoneymakesthembuymore.Givingpeoplebiggerportionsisaneasywayofmakingthemfeeltheyhavegotabetterdeal.Thatiswhyportionshavegotlargerandlarger.InAmerica，softdrinkscamein8oz(225g)cansinthepast，then12oz(350g)，andnowcomein20oz(550g)cans.Ifacompanycansellyouan8ozportionfor$7，theycansellyoua12ozportionfor$8.Theonlyextracosttothecompanyisthefood,whichprobablycosts25cents.5Nowcompaniesareunderpressuretostopsellingbiggerportionsforlessmoney.Butitishardtochangethetrend.Somefoodproducershavereduced→←.A.minorbrandsB.agoodbargainC.largequantitiesD.theirworkforceE.hugeportionsF.theirmoney4.

FamilyHistory

Inanagewhentechnologyisdevelopingfasterthaneverbefore,manypeoplearebeingattractedtothe→

←(51)oflookingbackintothepast.Onewaytheycandothisisby→

←(52)theirownfamilyhistory.Theycantryto→

←(53)outmoreaboutwheretheirfamiliescamefromandwhattheydid.Thisisnowafast-growinghobby,especiallyincountries______(54)agreatlyshorthistory,likeAustraliaandtheUnitedStates.

Itisonethingtospendsometime______(55)throughabookonfamilyhistoryandto______(56)thedecisiontoinvestigateyourownfamily'spast.Itisquiteanotherto______(57)outtheresearchworksuccessfully.Itiseasytosetaboutitinadisorganised______(58)andcauseyourselfmanyproblemswhichcouldhavebeen______(59)withalittleforwardplanning.

Ifyourownfamilystoriestellyou→

←

(60)youareconnectedwithafamouscharacter,whetherheroorcriminal,donotletthisideatake______

(61)yourresearch.Justtreatitasaninteresting

→

←

(62).Asimplesystemforcollectingandstoringyourinformationwillbeadequateto______(63)with;amorecomplexonemayonlygetinyour______(64).Themostimportantthing,though,istogetstarted.Who______(65)whatyoumightfind? Itiseasyto

causeyourselfmanyproblemswhichcouldhavebeen______(59)withalittleforwardplanning.A.missed

B.lost

C.

avoided

D.escaped5.

LookontheBrightSide

Doyoueverwishyouweremoreoptimistic，someonewhoalways______(51)tobesuccessful?Havingsomeonearound_____________(52)alwaysfearstheworstisn’treallyalotof___________(53)—weallknowsomeonewhoseesasinglecloudonasunnydayandsays，"Itlooks__________(54)rain."Butifyoucatchyourselfthinkingsuchthings，it’simportanttodosomething→

←(55)it.

Youcanchangeyour________

(56)oflife，takesalittleeffort，andyou’llfindlifemorerewarding(有回報的）asa_____________(57).Optimism，theysay，ispartlyaboutself-respectandconfidencebutit’salsoamorepositivewayof—_______(58)atlifeandallithastooffer.Optimistsaremore—_________(59)tostartnewprojectsandaregenerallymorepreparedtotakerisks.

Upbringingisobviouslyveryimportantin______________(60)yourviewtotheworld.Somepeoplearebroughtup

to_____________(61)toomuchonothersandgrowupforeverblamingotherpeoplewhenanything_____________(62)wrong.Mostoptimists，onthe_____________(63)hand，havebeenbroughtupnotto______(64)failureastheendoftheworld—theyjust______________(65)onwiththeirlives. A.withB.againstc.aboutD.over6.TheDevelopmentofBalletBalletisadanceformthathasalonghistory.Thefactthatitsurvivestothisdayshowsthatithasadjustedastimehavechanged.BalletbeganintheroyalcourtsduringtheRenaissance.Atthattimeitbecamecommonforkingsandqueens,aswellasothernobility(貴族),toparticipateinpageantsthatincludedmusic,poetry,anddance.AstheseentertainmentsmovedfromtheItaliancourtstotheFrenchones,courtladiesbeganparticipatinginthem.Thoughtheirlongdressespreventedmuchmovement,theywereabletoperformelaborate(復雜的)walkingpatterns.Itwasnotuntilthe1600sthatwomendancersshortenedtheirskirts,changedtoflatshoes,andbegandoingsomeoftheleapsandturnsperformedbymen.Itwasalsointhe1600sthatprofessionalballetbegan.KingLouisXIVofFrance,himselfadevoteddancer,foundedtheRoyalAcademyofDance.Thefivebasicfeetpositionsfromwhichallballetstepsbeginwerefinalized.Inthelate1700sanotherimportantchangeoccurred.Balletbegantotellastoryonitsown.Itwasnolongersimplydancetobeperformedbetweenactsofplays,Elaboratewigs(假發(fā))andcostumeswereeliminated.Bytheearly1800sdancerslearnedtoriseontheirtoestomakeitappearthattheywerefloating.ClassicalballetasweknowittodaywasinfluencedprimarilybyRussiandancing.TheRussiansremainedinterestedinballetwhenitdeclinedinotherEuropeancountriesinthemid-1800s.Oneofthemostinfluentialfiguresoftheearly20thcenturywasSergeiDiaghilev.Hisdancecompany,theBalletsRusses,broughtanewenergyandexcitementtoballet.Oneofhischiefassistants,GeorgeBalanchine,wentontofoundtheNewYorkCityBalletin1948andtoinfluencenewgenerationsofdancers.Theword“pageants”inParagraph2means（）.A.dancesB.instructionsC.royalcourtsD.bigshows7.Thearticle→sketched←themajoreventsofthedecade.A.describedB.offeredC.outlinedD.presented8.Rumorsbegahto→circulate←abouthisfinancialproblems.A.sendB.hearC.confirmD.spread9.Thereasonfortheirunusualbehaviorremainsa→puzzle←.(真題)（）A.factB.mysteryC.statementD.game10.YouthEmancipationinSpainTheSpanishGovemmentissoworriedaboutthenumberofyoungadultsstilllivingwiththeirparentsthatithasdecidedtohelpthemleavethenest.Around55percentofpeopleaged18-34inSpainstillsleepintheirparents'homes,saysthelatestreportfromthecountry'sstate-runInstituteofYouth.Tocoax(勸誘)youngpeoplefromtheirhomes,theInstitutestarteda"YouthEmancipation(解放)"programthismonth.Theprogramoffersguidanceinfindingroomsandjobs.Economistsblameyoungpeople'sfamilydependenceontheprecarious(不穩(wěn)定的)labormarketandincreasinghousingprices.Housingpriceshaverisen17percentayearsince2000.Culturalreasonsalsocontributetotheproblem,saysociologists(社會學家).FamilytiesinsouthEurope-Italy,PortugalandGreece--arestrongerthanthoseinmiddleandnorthEurope,saidSpanishsociologistAlmudenaMorenoMinguezinherreport"TheLateEmancipationofSpanishYouth:KeyforUnderstanding"."Ingeneral,youngpeopleinSpainfirmlybelieveinthefamilyasthemainbodyaroundwhichtheirprivatelifeisorganized,"saidMinguez.InSpain,especiallyinthecountryside,itisnotuncommontofindentiregroupsofaunts,uncles,cousins,niecesandnephews(外侄/侄子)alllivingonthesamestreet.TheyregularlygettogetherforSundaydinner.Parents'toleranceisanotherfactor.Spanishparentsacceptlate-nightpartyingandarewaryofsettingbedtimerules."Achildcanarrivehomeatwhatevertimehewants.Ifparentscomplainhe'llputupafightandcallthefatherafascist,"saidJoseAntonioGomezYanez,asociologistatCarlosIIIUniversityinMadrid.Mothers'willingnesstodochildren'shouseholdchores(家務)worsenstheproblem.DionisioMasso,a60-year-oldinMadrid,hasthreechildrenintheir20s.Theeldest,28,hasagirlfriendandajob.Butlifewithmumisgood."Hismumdoesthewashandcooksforhim:intheend,heliveswell."Massosaid.Youngpeople'sfamilydependencecanbeattributedtoallthefollowingfactorsEXCEPT（）A.parents'tolerance.B.housingproblems.C.culturaltraditions.D.unwillingnesstogetmarried.二.不定項選擇題(共5題)1.FightingforaBrighterFutureforWomenWhenIwasaskedwhatitmeanstobeawomanrunningforpresident,IalwaysgavethesameanswerthatIwasproudtoberunningasawoman,butIwasrunningbecauseIthoughtI'dbethebestpresident.ButIamawomanand,likemillionsofwomenIknowtherearestillbarriersandbiases(偏見)outthere,oftenunconscious,andIwanttobuildanAmericathatrespectsandembracesthepotentialofeverylastoneofus.Iranasadaughterwhobenefitedfromopportunitiesmymotherneverdreamedof.Iranasamotherwhoworriedaboutmydaughter'sfutureandamotherwhowantstoleaveallchildrenbrightertomorrows.TobuildthatfutureIsee,wemustmakesurethatwomenandmenalikeunderstandthestrugglesoftheirgrandmothersandtheirmothers,andthatwomenenjoyequalopportunities,equalpay,andequalrespect.Letusresolveandworktowardachievingverysimplepropositions(命題):Therearenoacceptablelimits,andtherearenoacceptableprejudicesinthe21stcenturyinourcountry.Youcanalsobesoproudthat,fromnowon,itwillbeunremarkableforawomantowinprimarystatevictories,unremarkabletohaveawomaninacloseracetobeournominee(被提名者),unremarkabletothinkthatawomancanbethepresidentoftheUnitedStates.Andthisistrulyremarkable,myfriends.Tothosewhoaredisappointedthatwecouldn'tgoalloftheway,especiallytheyoungpeoplewhoputsomuchintothiscampaign,itwouldbreakmyheartif,infailingshortofmygoal,Iinanywaydiscouragedanyofyoufrompursuingyours.Alwaysaimhigh,workhard,andcaredeeplyaboutwhatyoubelievein.And,whenyoustumble(犯錯),keepfaith.And,whenyou'reknockeddown,getrightbackupandneverlistentoanyonewhosaysyoucan'torshouldn'tgoon.Aswegatherheretodayinthishistoric,magnificentbuilding,the50thwomantoleavetheEarthisorbiting(繞軌道運行)overhead.Ifwecanblast50womenintospace,wewillsomedaylaunchawomanintotheWhiteHouse.ManyAmericanyoungpeoplefeeldisappointedatHillary'sfailuretowinthenomination.（）A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned2.TheySayIreland'stheBest(真題)Irelandisthebestplaceintheworldtoliveinfor2005,accordingtoalifequalityrankingthatappearedinBritain'sEconomistmagazinelastweek.Theambitiousattempttocomparehappinesslevelsaroundtheworldisbasedontheprinciplethatwealthisnottheonlymeasureofhumansatisfactionandwell-being.Theindexof111countriesusesdataonincomes,health,unemployment,climate,politicalstability,jobsecurity,genderequalityaswellaswhatthemagazinecalls"freedom,familyandcommunitylife".Despitethebadweather,troubledhealthservice,trafficcongestion,genderinequality,andthehighcostofliving,Irelandscoredanimpressive8.33pointsoutof10.Thatputitwellaheadofsecond-placeSwitzerland,whichmanaged8.07.Zimbabwe,troubledbypoliticalinsecurityandhunger,isratedthegloomiest(最差的),pickinguponly3.89points."Althoughrisingincomesandincreasedindividualchoicesarehighlyvalued,"thereportsaid,"someofthefactorsassociatedwithmodernizationsuchasthebreakdownintraditionalinstitutionsandfamilyvaluesinparttakeawayfromapositiveimpact."Irelandwinsbecauseitsuccessfullycombinesthemostdesirableelementsofthenewwiththepreservationofcertainwarmelementsoftheold,suchasstablefamilyandcommunitylife."Themagazineadmittedmeasuringqualityoflifeisnotastraightforwardthingtodo,andthatitsfindingswouldhavetheircritics.No.2onthelistisSwitzerland.Theothernationsinthetop10areNorway,Luxembourg,Sweden,Australia,Iceland,Italy,DenmarkandSpain.TheUKispositionedatNo.29,amuchlowerpositionchieflybecauseofthesocialandfamilybreakdownrecordedinorificialstatistics.TheU.S.,whichhasthesecondhighestpercapitaGDP(人均國內生產(chǎn)總值)afterLuxembourg,tookthe13thplaceinthesurvey.Chinawasinthelowerhalftheleagueat60th.CostoflivinginIrelandisprettyhigh.（）A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned3.TravelAcrossAfricaForsixhoursweshotthroughthebarren(荒蕪的)landscapeoftheKaroodesertinSouthAfrica.Justrocksandsandandbakingsun.Knowingourjourneywasending,DanielandIjustwantedtorememberallwehadseenanddone.HeusedacameraandIusedwords.Ihadalreadyfinishedthreenotebooksandwasintothefourth,abeautifulleathernotebookI'dboughtinamarketinMozambique.SouthernAfricawasfullofstoriesandvisions.Wewerealmostdrunkonsensations.Theroaring(咆哮)ofthewateratVictoriaFalls,theimpossiblesilenceoftheOkavangoDeltainBotswana.Andthentheotherthings:dogsinthestreets,wholefamiliesinSowetolivinginoneroom,akilometerfromcleanwater.Aswedrovetowardsthesettingsun,quietnessfelloverus.Theroadwasempty-wehadn'tseenanothercarforhours.AndasIdrove,somethingcaughtmyeye,somethingmovingcloseenoughtotouchthem,tosmelltheirhotbreath.Ididn'tknowhowlongtheyhadbeentherenexttous.IshoutedtoDan:"Look!"Buthewasinadeepsleep,hiscameralyinguselessbyhisfeet.Theyracedthecarforafewseconds,andthendisappearedfarbehindus,amemoryofheroicformsintheredlandscape.WhenDanielwokeupanhourlaterItoldhimwhathadhappened."Wildhorses?"hesaid,"Whydidn'tyouwakemeup,Sophia?""Itried:Buttheyweregoneafterafewseconds.""Areyousureyoudidn'tdreamit?""Youweretheonewhowassleeping!""Typical,"Hesaid.Thebestphotosaretheoneswenevertake.Wecheckedintoadustyhotelandsleptthesleepofthedead.SophiawokeDanielupsothathecouldtakephotosofthehorses（）A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned4.HerculesOnceuponatimetherewasagreatGreekhero,Hercules.Hewastallerandstrongerthananyoneyouhaveeverseen.Onhisshoulderhecarriedaclubandinhishandheheldabow(弓).Hewasknownastheheroofahundredadventures.Herculesservedaking.Thekingwasafraidofhim.Soagainandagainhesenthimondifficulttasks.OnemorningthekingsentforhimandtoldhimtofetchthreegoldenapplesforhimfromthegardenoftheSingingMaidens(歌女).Butnooneknewwherethegardenwas.SoHerculeswentaway.Hewalkedthewholedayandthenextdayandthenext.Hewalkedformonthsbeforehesawmountainsfarinthedistanceonefinemorning.Oneofthemountainswasintheshapeofaman,withlong,longlegsandarmsandhugeshouldersandahugehead.Hewasholdingupthesky.HerculesknewitwasAtlas,theMountainGod.Soheaskedhimforhelp.Atlasanswered,"Myheadandarmsandshouldersallache.CouldyouholduptheskywhileIfetchthegoldenapplesforyou?"Herculesclimbedthemountainandshoulderedthesky.Soontheskygrewveryheavy.WhenfinallyAtlascamebackwiththreegoldenapples,hesaid,"Well,youaregoingtocarrythemountainforever.I'mgoingtoseethekingwiththeapples."Herculesknewthathecouldn'tfighthimbecauseoftheskyonhisback.Soheshouted:"Justoneminute'shelp.Myshouldersarehurting.HoldtheskyforaminutewhileImakeacushion(墊子)formyshoulders."Atlasbelievedhim.Hethrewdowntheapplesandheldupthesky.Herculespickeduptheapplesandranbacktoseetheking.HerculesfinallymanagedtogettheapplesbydefeatingAtlas.（）A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned5.TheySayIreland'stheBest(真題)Irelandisthebestplaceintheworldtoliveinfor2005,accordingtoalifequalityrankingthatappearedinBritain'sEconomistmagazinelastweek.Theambitiousattempttocomparehappinesslevelsaroundtheworldisbasedontheprinciplethatwealthisnottheonlymeasureofhumansatisfactionandwell-being.Theindexof111countriesusesdataonincomes,health,unemployment,climate,politicalstability,jobsecurity,genderequalityaswellaswhatthemagazinecalls"freedom,familyandcommunitylife".Despitethebadweather,troubledhealthservice,trafficcongestion,genderinequality,andthehighcostofliving,Irelandscoredanimpressive8.33pointsoutof10.Thatputitwellaheadofsecond-placeSwitzerland,whichmanaged8.07.Zimbabwe,troubledbypoliticalinsecurityandhunger,isratedthegloomiest(最差的),pickinguponly3.89points."Althoughrisingincomesandincreasedindividualchoicesarehighlyvalued,"thereportsaid,"someofthefactorsassociatedwithmodernizationsuchasthebreakdownintraditionalinstitutionsandfamilyvaluesinparttakeawayfromapositiveimpact."Irelandwinsbecauseitsuccessfullycombinesthemostdesirableelementsofthenewwiththepreservationofcertainwarmelementsoftheold,suchasstablefamilyandcommunitylife."Themagazineadmittedmeasuringqualityoflifeisnotastraightforwardthingtodo,andthatitsfindingswouldhavetheircritics.No.2onthelistisSwitzerland.Theothernationsinthetop10areNorway,Luxembourg,Sweden,Australia,Iceland,Italy,DenmarkandSpain.TheUKispositionedatNo.29,amuchlowerpositionchieflybecauseofthesocialandfamilybreakdownrecordedinorificialstatistics.TheU.S.,whichhasthesecondhighestpercapitaGDP(人均國內生產(chǎn)總值)afterLuxembourg,tookthe13thplaceinthesurvey.Chinawasinthelowerhalftheleagueat60th.FamilylifeinZimbabweisnotstable.（）A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned三.填空題(共5題)1.Money

or

Friendship

or

Both1

Friends

and

money

don't

mix.

It's

a

dangerous

combination

since

a

fight

over

money

is

one

of

the

fastest

ways

to

end

a

friendship.

But

what

if

a

friend

asks

you

to

lend

him

or

her

some

money?If

you

don't

lend

your

friend

the

money,

you

risk

losing

the

friend.

If

you

do

lend

your

friend

the

money,

you

risk

losing

both

the

friendship

and

your

money.2

We

have

to

face

facts,

so

here

are

some

situations

you

might

run

across

with

your

buddies

(伙伴)--

and

some

helpful

tips

(忠告)

on

how

to

deal

with

them.

Think

about

why

this

person

needs

to

borrow

in

the

first

place.

If

he

is

always

living

beyond

his

means,

it's

his

fault,

not

yours,

Any

sensible

person

would

not

put

himself

in

a

position

of

debt

so

often.

So

simply

say

"no"

to

this

friend.

Even

if

your

friend

really

needs

that

money

for

emergency

use

and

you

are

willing

to

help

him,

before

you

dive

into

your

pocket,

follow

this

reality

check:

Do

you

have

the

extra

money?

Are

you

sure

you

don't

need

it?

Are

you

willing

to

write

off

that

amount

if

it's

not

returned?

If

your

answers

are

negative,

do

yourself

a

favor

and

say

"no".3

Let's

assume

you

can't

stand

saying

"no"

to

your

friend

because

you

don't

want

him

living

off

cat

food.

What

do

you

do?

Write

down

these

details

on

a

sheet

of

paper

before

opening

up

your

wallet:amount

of

the

loan;date

of

the

loan;time

of

repayment;amount

of

interest

(if

any);lender's

and

borrower's

signature.This

will

at

least

keep

the

borrower

from

forgetting

the

loan

so

easily.

If

your

friend's

loan

is

past

due,

it's

important

that

you

ask

him

--

and

it's

actually

not

rude.

The

longer

you

wait,

the

more

you

brood

(憂傷)

,

and

the

more

your

resentment

builds.4

You

can

send

him

a

friendly

reminder

via

E-mail.

Tell

him

something

like

"I'm

going

over

my

bank

account

and

I'm

just

wondering

when

we'll

be

able

to

settle

that

money

thing."

E-mail

saves

you

from

an

uncomfortable

face-to-face

confrontation.

There

is

almost

no

chance

of

turning

a

bad

reaction

into

an

argument.

Unlike

a

public

conversation,

an

e-mail

message

will

always

be

private.5

After

asking

two

or

three

times,

you

might

have

to

write

it

off

and

the

friendship

with

it.

That's

what

happens.

If

he

just

doesn't

have

the

money

or

is

unwilling,

then

what

kind

of

friend

is

that?(1)

Paragraph

2

（）

(2)

Paragraph

3

（）

(3)

Paragraph

4

（）

(4)

Paragraph

5

（）

A.

Time

to

Break

off

a

Friendship

B.

Unconditional

Assistance

to

Friends

in

Need

C.

Things

to

Consider

When

You

Have

to

Say

"No"

to

Your

Friend

D.2.

A

New

Citizenship

Test

1

Last

week

a

sample

of

the

new

U.S.

citizenship

(公民身份)

exam

was

released

by

the

U.S.

Citizenship

and

Immigration

Services

(U.S.--CLS).

It

will

be

tried

out

in

10

cities

early

next

year

to

replace

the

current

test

in

2008.

Instead

of

asking

how

many

stripes

the

U.S.

flag

has,

as

the

current

test

does,

the

new

one

asks

why

there

are

13

stripes.

Instead

of

having

to

name

the

branches

of

government,

an

applicant

is

asked

to

explain

why

there

are

three.

2

"The

goal

is

to

make

it

more

meaningful."

explains

Emilio

Gonzalez,

director

of

the

U.S.--CIS.

Immigrants

who

pass

it

are

expected

to

have

a

better

"understanding

and

respect"

for

U.S.

civic

(公民的)

values,

Gonzalez

says.

3

The

U.S.

isn't

the

only

country

dealing

with

citizenship

tests

that

aim

to

get

a

"

shared

commitment"

from

immigrants

for

their

adopted

country's

"values".

In

recent

years,

in

addition

to

the

usual

requirement

of

language/

work

skills

and

economic

status--several

European

countries

have

adopted

citizenship

tests.

Britain

introduced

a

new

citizenship

test

last

November.

In

March,

a

new

Dutch

law

took

effect

requiring

all

would-be

immigrants

to

take

a

citizenship

test.

It

involved

watching

a

video

showing

nude

(裸體的)

women

bathing

at

beaches

and

gay

(同性戀的)

men

kissing

in

public.

The

aim

was

to

ensure

that

"newcomers

will

be

comfortable

with

the

country'

s

liberal

social

mores

(風俗)

"

4

Europe

has

been

known

for

welcoming

immigrants

for

decades.

But,

today,

the

fact

is

that

some

immigrants

are

kept

apart

from

local

citizens

by

culture

and

they

become

hostile

to

each

other.

Promoting

integration

has

become

a

major

concern

for

European

countries

after

the

rioting

in

Muslim

ghettoes

(少數(shù)民族聚居區(qū))

in

France

and

the

killing

of

Dutch

public

figures

by

religious

extremists.

5

Officials

believe

that

a

person'

s

attachment

to

a

country

can

be

tested

by

his

or

her

knowledge

of

the

country.

However,

some

critics

say

that

the

changes

can

do

little

to

help

people'

assimilate

(同化)

themselves.

"Immigration

is

a

culture

war

today--Is

giving

a

new

test

the

right

way

to

lessen

the

accusations

in

that

fight?"

says

Ali

Noorani,

of

the

Massachusetts

Immigrant

and

Refugee

Advocacy

Coalition

(難民辯護聯(lián)盟).(1)paragraph

2（）(2)paragraph

3（）(3)paragraph

4（）(4)paragraph

5（）

A.

Preparation

for

taking

a

citizenship

test

B.

Citizenship

tests

in

European

counties

C.

Importance

of

promoting

integration

D.

Necessity

to

know

the

branche3.Intelligent

Machines1

Medical

scientists

are

already

putting

computer

chips

(芯片)

directly

into

the

brain

to

help

people

who

have

Parkinson's

disease,

but

in

what

other

ways

might

computer

technology

be

able

to

help

us?

Ray

Kurzweil

is

author

of

the

successful

book

The

Age

of

Intelligent

Machines

and

is

one

of

the

world's

best

computer

research

scientists.

He

is

researching

the

possibilities.2

Kurzweil

gets

computers

to

recognize

voices.

An

example

of

this

is

Ramona,