動名詞的用法

WELCOME!2021/5/91ModuleOne語法點的講練動名詞Grammar2021/5/92

什么是非謂語動詞??？

“非謂語非謂語”,就是不是謂語的動詞唄!那不是謂語是什么呢？。。。。。。2021/5/93謂語：說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。它有人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。

e.g.He

works.

He

takescareof

thebaby.

He

willgo

toShanghai.

He

didn’tgo

toShanghai.

He

hasgone

toShanghai.

You

are

students.

You

looksmart.單謂語或動詞短語情態(tài)動詞/助動詞+v.系動詞+表語2021/5/94概念：非謂語動詞：

是動詞的特殊形式，在句中可以作除謂語外的所有成分.一個句子當中，已經(jīng)存在一個主句（謂語動詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下,其它動詞需用非謂語動詞形式使用條件:Eg:Shegotoffthebus,leftherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,but

leavingherhandbagonherseat.×leaving×left2021/5/95非謂語動詞動名詞分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞動詞不定式2021/5/96動名詞的定義它是一種兼有動詞和名詞特征的非謂語動詞形式。基本形式為:v-ing,動名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì)，因此在句中可以做主語、表語、賓語、定語等。動名詞有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)的基本形式：（以write為例）時態(tài)語態(tài)一般時完成時主動語態(tài)writinghavingwritten被動語態(tài)beingwrittenhavingbeenwritten注意：動名詞的否定形式是：notwriting/nothavingwritten2021/5/97V-ing形式的構(gòu)成方式：1.在一般情況下，在動詞原形后直接加詞尾–ing。

eg.go–going;do–doing;ask–asking;read---reading

study–studying;carry–carrying;fly–flying;worry–worrying;

2.在以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞后，去掉e，再加-ing。

eg.come–cominglive–livingdance–dancingmake–making

3.在閉音節(jié)的單音節(jié)動詞后、以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的多音節(jié)動詞，而末尾只有一個輔音字母時，將這個輔音字母雙寫（x除外），然后再加–ing.

sit–sitting;run–running;begin–beginning;forget–forgetting

4.在少數(shù)幾個以–ie結(jié)尾的動詞后：須將–ie變作y，再加-ing。(這些動詞詞典一般均注明)

eg.die–dying;tie–tyinglie–lying

2021/5/98性質(zhì)主語表語賓語賓補定語狀語動名詞n.pron.動名詞能在句中充當什么成分？2021/5/99動名詞的基本用法１．用作主語

所表動作比較抽象，或者泛指習(xí)慣性的動作。

Playingwithfireisdangerous.（泛指）/Toplay

withfireinthisroomisveryfangerous.(表具體一次動作）Climbingmountainsisreallyfun.注意：動名詞做主語，有時先用it作形式主語，把動名詞置于句末。這種用法在習(xí)慣句型中常用。

1)Itisnouse/good/useless+doing…2)Itisawasteoftime+doing…3)Itisfun+doing…在以上兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中常用動名詞作主語。

It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(覆水難收）

Thereisnojokingaboutthematter.Itisfunplayingwithchildren.和孩子們一起玩真好。

2021/5/9102.用作賓語1）作動詞的賓語

某些動詞后出現(xiàn)非限定性動詞時只能用動名詞作賓語，不能用不定式。常見的此類動有：advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,appreciate,dislike,finish,,imagine,include,keep,keepon,mind,miss,,delay,practise,resist,suggest,.

giveup,cannothelp

dependon,thinkabout,setabout,succeedin,worryabout,burstout,insiston,can’tstand,beusedto,getusedto,devote…to…,lookforwardto,payattentionto,getdownto等。如：

1.The

bank

strongly

resisted

cutting

interest

rates.

2.ItisbetterforyoutopractisespeakingEnglisheveryday.Ifounditpleasantwalkingalongtheseashore.在海灘上走真是樂事。2021/5/911為了便于記憶，特歸納如下：后跟-ing的動詞的順口溜：避免，錯過，（少）延期建議，完成，（多）練習(xí)喜歡，想象，禁不住承認，否定，（又）妒忌逃避，冒險，（多）原諒忍受，保持，（不）介意avoid,miss,postpone/putoffsuggest,finish,practiceenjoy,imagine,can’thelpadmit,deny,envyescape,risk,excusestand,keep,mind2021/5/9122）作介詞的賓語

Wearethinkingof

making

anewplanforthenextterm.我們正考慮為下學(xué)期制定新的計劃。Shallwehavearestorgetdownto

______(do)ourwork?我們休息呢還是開始干活？

Despitetheylackmoney,hisparentssenthimtoagooduniversity.Hewaslateagainbecauseof

_______(get)uplate.Lockthedoorsandwindowsbefore

goout.What/Howaboutthetwoofus_______(play)games？doing×lackinggetting×goingplaying2021/5/913注意：to在下列短語中是介詞，常跟動名詞作賓語。

be/getusedtolookforwardtogetdowntopayattentiontodevoteoneselftoleadtocontributetoobjectto（反對）turntoseetosticktoEg:1.Let’sgetdowntopreparingfortheexam.2.Mostofusknowweshouldcutdownonfat,butknowingsuchthingsisn’tofmuchhelpwhenitcomestoshopandeat.×shoppingeating2021/5/914動名詞用在下列詞組后作賓語：giveup,can’thelp,feellike,beworth,bebusy,setabout,putoff,thinkof，insiston等1.Shecan’thelpcryingatthesadsight.試比較：IamsobusyandIcan’thelpcleantheroomnow.2.Doyoufeellikehavingabreak?試比較：Iwouldliketohaveacupofteanow.既可接動名詞又可接不定式的常用動詞有：1)意思相同的動詞：

likehatebeginstartcontinueintendpreferloveEgItcontinuedraining/torainhard.2)意思發(fā)生變化的有：2021/5/9151.remember/forget/regrettodo動作尚未發(fā)生doing動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生2.try

todo設(shè)法、努力去做，盡力doing試試去做（看有何結(jié)果）3.mean

todo打算做（主語一般是人）doing意味著（主語一般是物）4.stop/goontodo停下去做另外一件事doing停止做手頭的事情2021/5/916Hetried_______(stand)upbutfailed.Let’stry_______(tell)himaboutthesadnews.2.Iregret______(tell)youthatIcannotcome.Ireallyregret__________________(miss)hislecture.3.Imeant_______(buy)somebread,butIforgot.Wastingtimemeans________(kill)life.4.Iforgot_______(wake)himupthismorning.Heforgot___________________(turn)thelightoffandwentbacktohaveacheck.5.Shallwegoon________(discuss)thenextquestionofinsurance?Afterashortrest,hewenton________(write)thesameletter.6.Pleaseremember________(give)mybestregardstoyourfamily.tostandtellingtotellmissing/havingmissedtobuykillingtowaketurning/havingturnedtodiscusswriting2021/5/9175.）

need,require,want作“需要”解時,后接動詞-ing形式作賓語,主動形式表示被動意義,相當于tobedone。如：

Theradioneeds/requires/wantsrepairing/toberepaired.另外：deservedoing=tobedoneEg:1.Suchatroublemakerdeservestobepunished/punishing..2Whoeverhasdonesuchathingdeservestobefiredfromourclubsoonerorlater.

2021/5/9183.動名詞做表語：解釋前面的名詞1.Yourtaskiscleaningthewindows.=Cleaningthewindowsisyourtask.2.WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughtedat.3.HerfirstdelightwasgoingtotheTower.4.動名詞做定語：awalkingstick=astickwhichisusedforwalkingAwashingmachine=amachineforwashingAreadingroom=aroom…….2021/5/919１）動名詞的邏輯主語及復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)Wouldyoumind_____（我開窗戶嗎）？Wouldyoumindmy/meopeningthewindow?my/me稱為動名詞的邏輯主語．Ican’tunderstandJack/Jack’s

leavinghiswife.Ican’tunderstandhis/him

leavinghiswife.Jack’s/His

leavinghiswifeisunbelievable.動名詞的邏輯主語＋動名詞＝動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動名詞的幾個注意事項2021/5/920動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動名詞前可以加一個物主代詞或名詞所有格來表示這個動名詞邏輯上的主語，構(gòu)成動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或動名詞短語1).形容詞性物主代詞/名詞所有格+動名詞在句中作主語/賓語:

Mary’scominglatemadeherteacherangry.Doyoumindmysmoking?Doyoumindmyreadingyourpaper?Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.Rose’sgoingwon’tbeofmuchhelp.

2).人稱代詞賓格/名詞+動名詞在句中作賓語:I`msureofhimcomingontime.Hehasneverheardofawomanbeingapilot.

Idon’tmindJack(him)

going.Shehatesyoungpeople(them)

smoking.2021/5/9212.動名詞的被動形式:

beingdoneTheofficersnarrowlyescaped___________(kill)inthehotbattle.

3.動名詞的否定形式：notdoingnothavingdoneYouwillbepunishedfornotfinishingyourhomeworkontime.beingkilled2021/5/9221.Thenewsthatourteamhadbeendefeatedwasdisappointed.2.Lucydoesn’tmindtolendyouherMP3.3.Aftertakehismeasure,theydecidedtogivehimtheposition.4.IstillremembertakentoShanghaiwhenIwasachild.disappointinglendingtakingbeingCorrectthemistakesineachsentence.＾2021/5/9235.Iamnotusedtobespokentolikethat.6.Wewouldappreciatetohearfromyousoon.7.Peoplesometimescan’thelptobuy

somethingtheywon’tneed.8.IcanhardlyimaginePetersailsacrosstheriver.9.Tonywasveryunhappyforhavingnotbeeninvitedtotheparty.beinghearingbuyingsailingnot

having2021/5/924選擇題：1.Mywatchneeds________,butIhavenotimetogototowntohaveit_______.torepair;repaired B.toberep