2020年湖北省當(dāng)陽(yáng)市育溪高級(jí)中學(xué)高三英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期期中試卷及答案

2020年湖北省當(dāng)陽(yáng)市育溪高級(jí)中學(xué)高三英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期期中試卷及答案第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)AOvernightFrenchToastWhatYou’llNeed16-ounceloafofFrenchbread5eggs11/2cupsmilk1/2cuphalf-and-half1/3cupmaplesyrup（楓糖漿）1/2teaspoonsaltfoil（錫箔紙）2tablespoonsmeltedbutter（fortopping）2tablespoonsmaplesyrup（fortopping）WhattoDoWithanadult’shelp,cutthebreadinto1-inchslices.Placetheeggs,milk,half-and-half,maplesyrup,andsaltintoalargebowl.Stir（攬拌）themixtureuntilblended（混合均勻）.Placetheslicedbreadintoabakingdish.Pourthemixtureoverthebreadandpresstheslicesintoit.Coverthedishwithfoilandrefrigerateovernight.Removethedishfromtherefrigeratoratleastonehourbeforebaking.Askanadultforhelptopreheattheovento375°F.BaketheFrenchtoastfor35minutesoruntilgoldenbrown.Forthetopping,combinethemeltedbutterand2tablespoonsofmaplesyrup.PouritovertheFrenchtoastbeforeserving.HowmuchsaltwillyouneedtomakeaFrenchtoast?A.1/3cup. B.1/2teaspoon. C.2tablespoons. D.16ounces.Howwillyouusefoil?A.PlacetheslicedbreadB.Coverthedish.C.Removethedish. D.EattheFrenchtoast.Whoisthepassagewrittenfor?A.Teachers. B.Parents. C.Cooks. D.Kids.BInsportthesexesareseparate.Womenandmendonotrunorswiminthesameraces.Womenarelessstrongthanmen.Thatatleastiswhatpeoplesay.Womenarecalledtheweakersex,or,ifmenwanttopleasethem,thefairsex.Butboysandgirlsaretaughttogetheratschoolsanduniversities.TherearewomenwhoarefamousPrimeMinisters,scientistsandwriters.Andwomenlivelongerthanmen.AEuropeanwomancanexpecttoliveuntiltheageof74,amanonlyuntilheis68.Arewomen’sbodiesreallyweaker?Thefastestmencanrunamileinunder4minutes.Thebestwomenneed4.5minutes.Women’stimeisalwaysslowerthanmen’s,butsomefactsareasurprise.Someofthefastestwomenswimmerstodayareteenagegirls.Oneofthemswam400metersin4minutes21.2secondswhenshewasonly16.Thefirst‘Tartan’infilmwasanOlympicswimmer,JohnnyWeissmuller.Hisfastest400meterswas4minutes49.1seconds,whichis37.9secondsslowerthanagirl50yearslater!Thisdoesnotmeanthatwomenarecatchingmenup.Conditionsareverydifferentnowandsportismuchmoreserious.Itissoseriousthatsomewomenathletesaregivenhormoneinjections.AttheOlympicsadoctorhastocheckwhetherthewomenathletesarereallywomenornot.Itseemssadthatsporthassuchproblems.Lifecanbeverycomplicatedwhentherearetwoseparatesexes!Womenarecalledtheweakersexbecause .A.womendoasmuchasmen B.peoplethinkwomenareweakerthanmenC.sportiseasierformenthanforwomen D.insportthetwosexesarealwaystogetherWhichofthefollowingistrue?A.Boysandgirlsstudyseparatelyeverywhere.BWomendonotrunorswiminraceswithmen.C.FamousPrimeMinistersarewomen.D.MencanexpecttolivelongerthanwomeninEurope.Theunderlinedpart“Thatatleastiswhatpeoplesay”meanspeople .A.sayotherthings,too B.don’tsaythismuchC.saythisbutmaynotthinkso D.onlythinkthisInthispassagetheauthorimpliesthat .womenareweakerthanmen,butfasterwomenareslowerthanmen,butstrongerC.menarenotalwaysstrongerandfasterthanwomenD.menarefasterandstrongerthanwomenCBraincellsworktoactivelyforgetmemoriesduringaspecificperiodofsleep.Whenwesleepourbrainsclearoutthememorieswe’vemadewhilewe’reawake,decidingwhattokeepandwhattogetridof.Forgettingisanactiveprocess,explainedtheauthorsofthestudypublishedinthejournalScience.Butlessisknownaboutthisprocessduringthedifferentperiodsofsleep.Theyfoundthatduringtherapideyemovement(REM)sleepperiod—oractivesleepwhenwearethoughttodream—specialnervecellsappeartoactivelycontributetoforgetting.Whatareknownasmelanin-concentratinghormone-producing(MCH)neurons(神經(jīng)元)sitinthehypothalamus(下丘腦):apartofthebrainwhichhelpswitharangeoffunctionssuchassleep,appetiteandemotions.PastresearchhassuggestedthesecellshelptocontrolREMsleeppatterns:activatingtheMCHneuronsincreasingtimespentinthisperiod,whilepreventingthemreducingchangesintothisperiod.ThescientistslookedatMCHcellsinmice,andfound52.8percentwereactiveduringREMsleep,comparedwith35percentwhenthemicewereawake.Studyco-authorThomasKilduff,directoroftheCenterforNeuroscienceatSRIInternational,toldNewsweektheteamwassurprisedtofindthatmiceperformedbetteronlearningandmemorytaskswhentheMCHcellswereprevented.“ThisresultsuggeststhatactivationoftheMCHneuronsmayaffectmemory—thatis,MCHneuronsmayfacilitateforgetting,”Kilduffexplained.Whenaskedwhatmotivatedthestudy,Kilduffsaid,“WehopetheworkcoulddeepenourunderstandingofAlzheimer’sdisease.Understandingtheneuralbasisoflearningandmemoryisahugeareaofneuroscienceresearchbecauseofitseffectsonoureverydaylives,aswellasdiseasessuchasAlzheimer’sdisease.Priortothiswork,noonesuspectedthatMCHneuronshadanythingtodowithforgetting,”saidKilduff.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph1?Forgettingisapassiveprocess.Theforgettingprocessisknowntous.Somememoriesareforgottenwhileweareawake.Certainmemoriesareremovedwhileweareasleep.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inparagraph2referto?REMsleeppatterns.Pastresearches.C.MCHneurons.D.Arangeoffunctions.WhydidKilduff’steamconducttheresearch?TopublishthestudyinthejournalScience.ToknowmoreaboutAlzheimer’sdisease.Tocontributetohuman’sforgetting.Toexploreoureverydaylives.WhatcanweknowaboutMCH?MCHcellstakescontrolofREMsleeppatterns.MCHneuronsmaydisturbmemoryconsolidation.MCHneuronshavenothingtodowithforgetting.MCHcellshelpmiceperformingbetteronlearning.DCyclinghaslongbeenasportwhereacompetitiveedgeispursued,oftenatanycost.Cyclingshorts,however,wereanareathattechnologyhadyettoenter.Littlewasaddedtothemapartfrom,perhaps,somepaddingtoprotectarider.Now,however,newcyclingshortsarebeingequippedwithsensorstohelpridersdefeatopponentseasily.ABritishstart-uphascreatedapairofshortsthatuseselectricsensorsandartificialintelligencetoshapeandstrengthencyclists'muscleswhiletheyaremoving.Itplanstoalsoadaptthisproductnextyearforjoggersandpeopleatthegym.Theshorts,createdbyDevonLewis,aPhDstudentattheUniversityofSouthampton,areabletosendouttinyelectriccurrentsintoauser'smusclestoimprovetheircyclingtechnique.MrLewis,27,cameupwiththeideaafterstudyingaconnectionbetweenthebrainandmusclesthatsendschemicalsignalsfrommotorneuronstomusclefibrestomakethemusclecontractandstrengthen.Theshorts,createdbyMrLewis'sstart-upbypassthisconnectionusingelectriccurrentstobuildmusclestrengthdirectly,withoutrelyingonthebraintosendoutsignals.“Wehavealimitedabilitytocontrolourmusclesnaturally,”MrLewissaid.“Youcancontrolthemmoreexactly,getmorefromyourmusclesandcontractthemmorestrongly,ifyoustimulatethemdirectlywithelectricity.”Electricwiresintheshortssendoutcurrentsthatactivatethemuscle.“Forthoseworriedaboutgettingashockwhilecycling,”MrLewissaid,“It'ssortofthesamethingaswhenyouhavespicyfoodandyougetthatlittlerush.Itfeelsstrangewhenyoufirststartusingitbutthenyouadapttoitquitequickly.HisideahasreceivedsupportfromFutureWorlds,astart-upacceleratoratSouthamptonUniversity.TheproductisbeingshownnextweekatthetechnologyconferenceCES,helddigitallythisyear.What'sthestrengthofthenewlyinventedcyclingshorts?A.Theyhelpcyclistsperformbetter. B.Theylastlongerthannormalones.C.Theycankeepabalancedcomfort. D.Theyhavetoolstomakegoodfigures.Whycanthecyclingshortshelptherunnersandjoggers?Theyaremadeofqualitycottonmaterials.Theyarecreatedbyworld-topdesigners.Theycanmakerunningorjogginglessboring.Theyaremadeintelligentlywithelectricsensors.Whatmaybesomepeople'sworryabouttheshorts?A.Theymayspendmorethantheycanafford. B.Theygetlittlehelpfromthenewshorts.C.Theymaygetshockedbytheelectricity. D.Thenewshortscan'tfunctionwellenough.What'sthebesttitleofthetext?A.TheSpecialCyclingShorts B.WaystoBeaGoodRunnerC.HowShortsBenefitYou D.SomeTipsaboutRunningFast第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分10分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)Whetheryou’reattendingadinnerpartyorspendingafewnightswithafamilymemberorfriend,knowingandfollowingpropermannersforguestsisnecessary. 16 .Ifyoureceivetheinvitationinwriting,followupwithareplyinwriting.Averbalinvitationcanbeansweredeitherwithanoteorphonecall.Getintouchwiththehostassoonaspossible.It’salwaysagoodideatoarrivewithin10to15minutesoftheappointedtimeontheinvitation.Ifyougettheretooearly,youmightbeinthewayduringpartypreparations.Conversely,ifyougetthereanhourlate,youmightmisssomethingimportant. 17 ,suchasaconcert,wedding,funeralorgraduation.Respectyourhost’spersonalspace.Thismeansyoushouldneverbreakintoaroomwithacloseddoororinterruptaconversation.Don’texpectyourhosttowanttospendtheentiredaywithyou. 18 .Andthatincludesyourgeneroushost.Allparties,personalvisits,andovernightstaysshouldendwhileyou’restillhavinganicetime.Therefore,youshouldknowtoleave.Besides,youshouldalwayssendathank-younoteafteraparty,longvisit,orovernightstay.Dothisassoonasyougethome.Thankthehost,makeapositivecommentaboutsomeaspectofthevisit,andendwithanoteaboutlookingforwardtoseeinghimorheragain. 19 .Beingaguestwithgoodmannersmeansmuchmorethanjustshowingupandbeingthelifeoftheparty. 20 ,soyouneedtoshowyourappreciationbybeingkindandpolite.A.EveryoneneedsalittletimealoneB.ThehosttriestoinviteandentertainyouC.YoushouldalwaysrespondtoaninvitationD.AwkwardsituationshappenfromtimetotimeE.YoumightevenofferaninvitationtoyourhomeF.AlwaysbethoughtfulandkeepyourhostinmindG.Therearetimeswhenit’snecessarytobeontime第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分30分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)Allmylife,IhavebeenoverweightandneverimaginedIwillstartrunning.Onenight,surfingthroughFacebook,I 21 apictureofanoldschoolfriend.Obesitywasno 22 tohimbackintheday.Soimaginemy 23 whenIsawthathehadshrunktohalfthesizeIremembered.Istartedmyprocessof 24 myselfthenextday.Istarted 25 andbeganwithwalks,circlingtheshortestblocksIcouldfind.Inawhile,mybodyburnedand 26 ,andnothingexcitedmemorethanthethoughtofquitting. 27 ,Ididn'tgiveupandmywalksexpandedtoseveralblocks’worth.Onthefifthday,IthoughtIprobablycouldrun.Standingontheroad,I 28 fardowntheroad,aboutatenthofamileinlength.“Waytoofartorun,”myachingbodytoldme. 29 ,anothervoicespoke,“Icandothis.”Myfeet30withoutasecondthought.Rightaway,familiar31pulsedthrough（充滿(mǎn)）them,allthewayupmylegs.Soon,Iwasbreathless,anddesperatefor 32 .Iwantedtoquit.“Icandothis”,the 33 spokeagain.Intheend,Ifailedtoreachmygoal.Thirtyfeetorso 34 mefrommygoal.ButwhenIlookedback,Icouldn'tbelievemyeyes.The 35 seemedfartherthanexpected. 36 thethirtyfeet,Ihadalmostachievedmydesiretobebetterinlessthana 37 .Thenextmorning,Iwasreadytotakeonthe 38 again.WhileIhaven'tcompletely 39 thoughtsofgivingup,they'requieternow.Quieterthanthevoicethat 40 meforward—“Icandothis.”21.A.searchedB.spottedC.figuredD.realized22.A.strangerB.wonderC.needD.good23.A.sorrowB.excitementC.surpriseD.delight24.A.believingB.denyingC.comfortingD.bettering25.A.slowB.fastC.right D.normal26.A.wakedB.movedC.achedD.trembled27.A.GraduallyB.ImmediatelyC.Fortunately D.Abruptly28.A.measuredB.sensedC.walkedD.stared29.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.BesidesD.Otherwise30.A.cameoutB.tookoffC.paidoffD.fellout31.A.burningB.breakingC.emotionD.passion32.A.helpB.waterC.foodD.air33.A.coachB.voiceC.mindD.body34.A.threwB.interruptedC.connectedD.kept35.A.targetB.dreamC.distanceD.task36.A.IgnoringB.ConsideringC.AchievingD.Adding37.A.monthB.dayC.weekD.second38.A.gameB.challengeC.adventureD.duty39.A.formedB.escapedC.acceptedD.trapped40.A.informedB.persuadedC.forcedD.encouraged第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式It 41. (be)thethirdtimethat2019InternationalMarathonhadbeensuccessfullyheldinXi’an.Anumberofrunningloverswere 42. (concern)aboutthisevent.Beforetakingpartinit,runners,withthesupportofthegovernment,organizedaseriesofphysical 43. (activity)inordertokeepfit.Recently,itiswiththehelpofourgovernmentthatmoreandmorepeople 44. (make)greatprogressinMarathon.While 45. (run)straightdownthestreet,runnersfound 46.easytomakeuseofwaterprovidedbyvolunteerswhowerereliable.ItiswellknownthatMarathonisatoughsport. 47. ,MiniMarathoniseasyforthecommonpeople.MiniMarathon, 48. covers4,2195Km,ispopularamongpeople. 49. numberofrunnersisontheincrease.Becausethereisnorequestthattherunnersshouldgothroughthesufferingsfromthe 50.