專題非謂語動詞備戰(zhàn)年高考英語精選考點(diǎn)突破精美

非謂語動詞非謂語動詞非謂語動詞在句中不可單獨(dú)用作謂語，不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制。非謂語動詞包括不定式、動詞-ing形式和過去分詞。一、非謂語動詞的各種形式非謂語動詞

主動形式被動形式動詞-ing形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone不定式一般式todotobedone進(jìn)行式tobedoing/完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone過去分詞done二、非謂語動詞的句法功能1.動詞-ing形式和不定式作主語和賓語★作主語用法不定式表示具體的或一次性的動作動詞-ing形式一般或抽象的多次性的動作★作賓語1）常跟不定式作賓語的動詞：

2）常跟動詞-ing形式作賓語的動詞：agree,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,intend,learn,plan,manage,offer,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,threaten,wishadmit,dislike,appreciate,avoid,enjoy,bear,escape,stand,deny,consider,mind,miss,finish,resist,imagine,risk,practice,suggest3）有些動詞既可以跟動詞-ing形式，又可以跟不定式做賓語，但意義有所區(qū)別。這類動詞有：

remember,forget,regret,stop,try,mean。4）need,want,require既可以用動詞-ing形式也可用不定式作賓語，但用法不同。用法Sb.need(s)/want(s)todosth.sth.need(s)/want(s)/require(s)+doing/tobedone（主動形式表被動意義）5）無論是普通介詞還是含介詞的動詞短語，一

般情況下都要用動詞-ing形式作賓語。2.非謂語動詞作定語1）不定式作定語a.作定語的不定式與它所修飾的名詞或代詞在邏輯上可能是主謂關(guān)系，也可能是動賓關(guān)系。如：

ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.Itwasagametoremember.b.名詞前有only,last,next，序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級時，且名詞是作定語的非謂語動詞的執(zhí)行者時，其后常用不定式作定語。如：

Ritawastheonlypersontocomplain.HewasthefirstmantoflyacrosstheAtlantic.Alexisthebestmantodothejob.c.有些名詞的同根動詞后常跟不定式作賓語，因而這些名詞后也常跟不定式作定語。常見的有：wish,decision,refusal,arrangement,intention,agreement,hope,need,plan,promise,failure,attempt,offer,warning。如：Theiroffertoassistintheworkwasnottakenseriously.

（比較：Theyofferedtoassistinthework.）d.有些名詞常用不定式作定語說明其內(nèi)容。chance,opportunity,reason,way,effort,measure,movement,power,right,skill,strength,struggle,idea如：Hehasastrangewaytomakehisclasseslivelyandinteresting.2）動詞-ing形式作定語及物動詞-ing形式作定語被修飾的名詞與非謂語動詞為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，v-ing形式表示被修飾詞的特征Ihaveneverseenamoremovingmovie.不及物動詞-ing形式作定語表示動作正在進(jìn)行Thewomansendingherchildrentoschoolismyhistoryteacher.3）過去分詞作定語及物動詞done被修飾的名詞與非謂語動詞為被動關(guān)系且表示動作已經(jīng)完成或表狀態(tài)Heisateacherlovedbyhisstudents.不及物動詞過去分詞表示動作已經(jīng)完成We’vemetthedoctorssenttoworkherebythecityhospital.4）有些表示感覺的動詞，其動詞-ing形式表示“令人……的”，過去分詞形式表示“感到……的”，如：exciting和excited。類別用法例句不定式用來說明主語的具體內(nèi)容。Yourtasktodayistowashthecurtains.動詞-ing形式多指抽象的、概念性的動作，可以是多次的經(jīng)常性的行為；表特征，意為“令人……的”Hisfavoritesportisplayingbasketball.Thefilmisexciting.過去分詞表心里狀態(tài)，意為“感到……的”Hewasexcitedatthenews.3.非謂語動詞作表語4.非謂語動詞作狀語1）不定式作狀語，常表示目的、原因、結(jié)果等。不定式作結(jié)果狀語時，常用于“only+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示未曾預(yù)料到的或令人不快的結(jié)果。如：

Afriendofminecametoseemetonight.Ijumpedwithjoytohearit.Alanliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.2）動詞-ing形式或過去分詞作狀語時，可以表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式、伴隨情況等，其前可加連詞while,when,once,if,unless等。如：

Crossingthestreet,hewasknockeddownbyacar.

Frightenedbythenoiseoutside,thelittlegirldarednotsleepinherbedroom.Hefelloffthebike,breakinghisleftleg.Seenthroughtheeyesofayoungfriend,Einsteinwasasimple,modestandordinaryman.Agroupofchildrenweresittingaroundtheteahcer,playinggames.Whenheated,icewillbechangedintowater.5.非謂語動詞作補(bǔ)語1）用不定式作補(bǔ)語的動詞及動詞詞組：advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,intend,invite,like,love,order,persuade,prefer,remind,require,teach,tell,want,warn,wish,waitfor,callon,dependon2）感官動詞和使役動詞后常接省略to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，但用于被動語態(tài)時，需把to補(bǔ)出來。如：

SomeonesawMaryenterthebuildingaboutthetimethecrimewascommitted.Marywasseentoenterthebuildingaboutthetimethecrimewascommitted.另外，感官動詞后也可接動詞-ing形式作補(bǔ)語，表示動作正在進(jìn)行。如：OnceinthemiddleofthenightIwokeandheardthewindblowing.三、非謂語動詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)非謂語動詞可有其獨(dú)立的邏輯主語。這種邏輯主語常常是名詞或代詞，置于非謂語動詞之前，二者構(gòu)成非謂語動詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。這種獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)常用作狀語。如：

Lotsofhomeworktodo,Ihavetostayathomeallday.Theaudiencehavingseatedthemselves,theconcertbegan.Thetaskcompleted,wehadaglobaltraveling.1.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4______(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.(2020年新

課標(biāo)全國卷I)2.Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout________(find)thewell-knownpainter.…Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds____________(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.(2020年新課標(biāo)全國卷III)tofindtofindsurrounding3.ChineseNewYearisacelebrationmarkingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowerscarriesspecialsignificance.Theyrepresenttheearth________(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.Thesearesomeofthemostpopularinmanypartsofthecountry:comingOranges:Orangetreesaremorethandecoration;theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes___________(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.…Bambooplantsareassociatedwithhealth,abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasy_________(care)forandmakegreatpresents.(2020年新課標(biāo)全國卷II)decoratedtocare4.Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模擬)andimaginethemselveslivingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor__________(walk)througharainforest.(2020年全國新高考I卷)5.Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology___________(change)lives.…Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons,plantingattherighttimeandindryareas,__________(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.(2020浙江卷)walkingtochangemaking6.Modernmethodsfortrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive__________(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.

Scientistshaverespondedby______(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,…(2019·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)toperformnoting7.A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for

_______(be)Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.Whenwegotacall________(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.

Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplans________(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.(2019·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)beingtoretiresaying8.OnestudyinAmericafoundthatstudents'gradesimprovedalittleaftertheschoolintroduceduniforms.Butsomestudentsdidn’twant________(wear)theuniform.

(2019·浙江卷)towear9.Nervously______(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself”。(2019北京卷)facing

10.________theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.(2019江蘇卷)A.ToenjoyB.EnjoyingC.TohaveenjoyedD.Enjoy11._____tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday’schildrenwillneedforthefuture.（2019天津卷）A.Learn

B.LearnedC.Learning

D.HavinglearnedAC12.Mostcollegesnowofferfirst-yearstudentsacoursespecially_____tohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.

（2019天津卷）A.designed

B.designingC.todesign

D.beingdesignedAI.用括號內(nèi)動詞的正確形式填空。1.Listen!Doyouhearsomeone________(call)myname?2.Theythreatened________(kill)himunlesshedidastheyasked.3.Thereareabout200children________(study)inthisartschool.callingtokillstudying4.Lucy’s________(turn)upatthemeetingsurprisedeveryonepresent.5.Ihadknockedonthedoorforalongtimebutitremained________(close).6.Myfatherwassobusythatalltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoor________(lock).7.Istillremember____________(take)totheScienceMuseumforthefirsttimewhenIwasalittlegirl.turningclosedlockedbeingtaken8.Afterschoolwewenttothereadingroomtodosomereading,only________(tell)thatitwasbeingdecorated.9.Although________(repeat)hiswordsmanytimes,theteacherstillcouldn’tmakethegirlunderstandwhathemeant.10.WhenIwentbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor________(say)“Sorrytohavemissedyou.Iwillcalllater.”tobetoldrepeatingsayingII.選用括號內(nèi)合適的內(nèi)容補(bǔ)全下面句子。1.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee__________(carryout,carriedout)thenextyear.2.________(Found,Founded)in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.3.Therewasterriblenoise________(following,followed)thesuddenburstoflight.4.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,________(make,making)itthemostpopularsportintheworld.carriedoutFoundedfollowingmaking5.Paulcan’tattendtheparty_________(tobeheld,beingheld)atTom’shouseatpresentbecauseheispreparingforanimportantspeech.6.Thewayyouthoughtof________(solving,tosolve)themathproblemwasgreatlycreative.7.Thefirsttextbooks________(written,tobewritten)forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.beingheldtosolvewritten8.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp_______________(persuading,beingpersuaded)intobuyingsomethingtheydon'treallyneed.9.Thequestion______________(tobediscussed,beingdiscussed)nowatthemeetingisnotthequestion________(todiscuss,discussed)yesterday.beingpersuadedbeingdiscusseddiscussed10.________(Havingbeenseparated,Separating)fromthecontinentsformillionsofyears,theislandhasmanyplantsandanimalsthatcannotbefoundanywhereelseintheworld.___________________________________III.用括號內(nèi)動詞的正確形式完成下面短文。AAnoldmangoestohisdoctor,1.___________(complain)aboutapaininhislegthatdoesn’theal,

andwantsadiagnosis(診斷)andexplanation.Thedoctorchecksouthisleg,only2.________(find)everythingright.3.________(give)theoldguyafullphysicalexam,thedoctorstillcan’tcomeupwithanypossibleexplanationforthepain.complainingtofindGiving4.________(hand)thepatienthisbill,thedoctorsays,“I’msorrybutthepaininyourlegissimplycausedbyoldage;there’snothingIcandoaboutit.”5.__________(surprise),theoldmananswers,“That’simpossible!Thatcan’tbe!”Thedoctorsays,“Whatdoyoumeanby6.________(say)that?I’mtheexperthere;ifyouknowsomuch,howcanyousayit’snotoldage?”HandingSurprisedsayingThepatientanswers,“Honestly7.________(speak),