高考英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí)名詞從句、定語從句附參考答案

語法系列復(fù)習(xí)專題九----- 名詞從句、定語從句名詞從句名詞從句有四類：賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句。例如：賓語從句：Idon’tknowwherehewillgo.主語從句：Wherehewillgoisunknown.表語從句：Theproblemishowwecangetsomuchmoney.同位語從句：Weallfeelsorryaboutthenewsthathefailedinthegame.下面幾點是學(xué)習(xí)名詞從句要加以注意的：1．whether 和if 都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句表達(dá)“是否”意， （即引導(dǎo)賓語從句時 if 和whether可以互換）但以下幾種名詞從句要用 whether（不用if）引導(dǎo)：（1）引導(dǎo)主語從句，且在句首時。例： Whetherhehaswonthetennisisnotknown.( 但I(xiàn)tisnotknownwhether/ifhehaswonthetennis).2）引導(dǎo)表語從句時。例Theproblemiswhetherhecangetajob.3）引導(dǎo)同位語從句時。例：Ihavenoideawhetherhewillcome.4）介詞后的whether從句。例：IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.2．位于句首引導(dǎo)主語從句的that不可忘。例如：Thathegotthefirstplaceinthecompetitionsurprisedallofus.3．在“Itissuggested/proposed/ordered/apity/nowonder/necessary/strange/＋that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句謂語有時用（should）do這樣的虛擬語氣形式。例如：Itissuggestedthatwe(should)improvetherelationsbetweenus.Itisapitythatone(should)stayinoneplacealloneslife.Itisstrangethatsheshouldhavefailedtoseeherownshortcomings（缺點）.4．在“Thereasonwhyisthat”句式中that不要誤為because.例如：Thereasonwhyhedidntgotoschoolyesterdayisthathewasill.5．名詞從句中that,what用法比較：引導(dǎo)名詞從句的that是連詞，在句中無成份，無意義，而what是連接代詞，what＝thething(s)that.例如：Itwastoldinyesterdaysnewspaperthatwhatthestudentshaddonewaspraisedbythefactory.無意義thethings(that)Iknowthathewillstudy.Iknowwhathewillstudy.Thatheworkshardathislessonsisknowntousall.Whatheworkshardatisknowntousall.AllIaskisthatyoushouldtellthetruth./Heisnotwhat( ＝thepersonthat)heusedtobe. 他和以前大不相同了。6．where在名詞從句中的使用特點：where在名詞從句中有時可以變?yōu)椤?theplacewhere”,有時可以變?yōu)椤敖樵~＋ theplace where”形式。例如：主從：Where(＝Theplacewhere)shehasgoneisstillunknown.賓從：Wouldyoupleasetellmewhere( ＝theplacewhere)MrSmithlives?表從：Yourdictionaryremainswhere( ＝in/attheplacewhere)youput.同位從：Haveyouanyideawhere( ＝oftheplacewhere)sheisspendingherholidays?7．無論是哪種名詞從句都是陳述語序。例如：Iknowwherehelives./Pleasetellmewhathernameis.當(dāng)一個特殊疑問句本身就是陳述語序（即“主＋謂＋（賓） ”或“主＋系＋表”結(jié)構(gòu)），將其變?yōu)殚g接引語（即賓語從句）時，無需改變語序。例如：Whatsthematterwithhim? Sheaskedmewhatwasthematterwithhim.Wholooksafteryourgrandfather? Heaskedmewholookedaftermygrandfather.名詞從句考點分析1．Theywanttoknow______dotohelpus. (NMET)A.whattheycan B.howtheycan C.howcanthey D.whatcanthey析：此題要選陳述語序項，故應(yīng)排除 C、D。又因howtheycando 不完整，do后無賓語，故也應(yīng)排除，只有 A項既是陳述語序，且 whattheycando 完整正確地表達(dá)出“他們能做些什么”這一意思，故答案為 A。2．Histeacher______he______brightand______hewasworthteaching.A.didn ’tthink;was;that B.thought;was;whetherC.didn ’tthink;was; × D.thought;wasn t;×析：觀察題目，可知 think 后跟有and連接的兩個并列賓語從句，這時前一個賓語從句的引導(dǎo)語 that 可以省略，但引導(dǎo)后一賓語從句的 that 不可省略，據(jù)此，可排除 C、D兩個選項。若選 B項，全句意思不通，而選擇 A項可表達(dá)“他的老師認(rèn)為他不聰明，不值得教”這一意思，且語法結(jié)構(gòu)無誤，故可定 A是正確答案。3．______isdonecannotbeundone.A.How B.That C.What D.Where析：do一般作及物動詞使用，從題干看，需選一詞作主語（邏輯上是 done的賓語）。而A.How,D.Where均是副詞，不能作主語，故應(yīng)排除。 B項that 一詞只能在定語從句中作主語，不能在主語從句中作主語，也應(yīng)排除。只有選 what(＝thethingthat), 才能正確表述“凡是做的不可不做”這一意思。4．Takecare______youdon tmakemistakesinthecomingexam.A.ofthat B.aboutthat C.forwhat D.that析：takecare 是“注意”、“當(dāng)心”意，后面可跟 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句來表達(dá)“當(dāng)心不要”意思，據(jù)此，該題應(yīng)選 D。5．Tohissurprise,theumbrellawasnot______hehadput.A.which B.where C.theplace D.that析：觀察題干， wasnot 后是表語，根據(jù) where在表語從句中相當(dāng)于 in/attheplacewhere,將其置于空白處則可表達(dá)“傘不在他當(dāng)初放的地方”這一意思，而 C選項缺少詞，不可選。A、D項皆不合用。6．______wecan tgetseemsbetterthan______wehave.A.what;what B.what;that C.that;that D.that;what析：此題顯然是要表達(dá)“我們得不到的東西似乎比我們得到的東西好。 ”這一意思，即“AseemsbetterthatB ”結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù) what＝thething(s)that 這一特點，將其置于兩空白處正好可以表達(dá)出前者比后者好這一意思，故答案為 A。7．______we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where析：此題 depends前的主語從句是一個不肯定的內(nèi)容，在句首表“是否”意時，只能用Whether, 不可用If。故答案為 B。8．______theyaremostinterestedinis______theycanproducemoreandbettercars.A.That;how B.What;how C.What;what D.That;that析：is前面是一個主語從句，要表達(dá)“他們最感興趣的（東西） ”這一意思，只能選 what填入空白;is 是表語從句，顯然只有選 how才能表達(dá)“如何生產(chǎn)更多更好的汽車” ，故答案為B。9．HemadeasuggestionthattheEnglishtest______untilnextWednesday.A.willbeputoff B.beputoff C.willputoff D.putoff析：suggestion,order,adivce 等詞后的同位語從句謂語要用（ should）do的形式，且該句中test 與putoff 為被動關(guān)系，故選 B。10．Idon tthink______hesaidsomethinglikethatisright.A.that B.what C.whether D.when析：此句 think 后是一賓語從句，這個賓語從句的主語在 is之前，它是一個被動句。因為hesaidsomethinglikethat已經(jīng)含有主、謂、賓、狀等成分，只有選不表意義，不做成分的that才合適，故選A。定語從句一、定語從句與引導(dǎo)詞定語從句是在復(fù)合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做選行詞，而引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫引導(dǎo)詞，有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞兩類。懂得什么樣的先行詞后用什么樣的引導(dǎo)詞是學(xué)好定語從句的關(guān)鍵。1．關(guān)系代詞有：that,which,who,whom,whose, 在定語從句中作主語、賓語中表語， whose作定語。代人的有： who,whom,whose,that；代物的有： that,which,whose. 例如：ThemanwhohelpedyouisMrWhite.(who 代人，在定語從句中作主語 )Thatistheperson(whom/who/that)youwanttosee.(whom,who,that 代人，在定語從句中作賓語，可省略 )I mnotthefool(that)youthoughtmetobe.(that 代人，在定從中作表語 )Adictionaryisausefulbookwhich( ＝that)tellsusthemeaningofwords(which或that 代物，在定從中作主語 )2．關(guān)系副詞有：when(指時間)，where(指地點),why(指原因)，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：Wouldyousuggestatime(when)wecanhaveatalk?(when 可省略)Thehousewheretheyliveisnotverylarge./Thisisthereasonwhyhedidnotcametothemeeting.注意：不是表時間的先行詞都用 when引導(dǎo)定從，不是表地點的先行詞都用 where引導(dǎo)定從。例如：Wellvisitthefactorywhich( ＝that)makesradios.(which 或that 在定從中作主語， where不可用主語，故不可用 )Theystillrememberthehappydays(which/that)theyspentinBeidaihe.(which 或that 在定從中作 spent的賓語，when不可作賓語，故不可用 )二、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句和主句之間不用逗號分開，修飾主句中的某一個名詞或名詞詞組或代詞；非限制性定語從句常用逗號和主句隔開，可以修飾主句中的某一個詞，也可修飾整個句子。非限制性定語從句不能用that引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞不能省略。非限制性定語從句例：LiPingsfather,whoworksinafactory,isanengineer./Hetoreupmyphoto,whichmademeveryangry.(which指代主句內(nèi)容，因前后兩句是因果關(guān)系，此時which不可換為as。)Heisgoodatphysics,asisknowntousall.＝Asisknowntousall,heisgoodatphysics.(as指代主句內(nèi)容，在asisknown/believed,asweallknow/believe這類結(jié)構(gòu)中as不可換為which)三、只用that引導(dǎo)和不用that引導(dǎo)的場合1．只用that 引導(dǎo)和不用 that 引導(dǎo)的場合1）當(dāng)先行詞既包括人又包括物時： Hetalkedaboutthemenandthebooksthatattractedhim.2）指物的先行詞被 any,every,only,very,all,no 等修飾時：Thesearetheverypointsthatinterestme./That stheonlywatchthatIlikemost.3）指物的先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時： Thefirststepthatwearetotakeisverydifficult./Thisisthesecondcardthathegaveme.4）先行詞是指物的不定代詞 all,little,few,much, 及everything,anything,nothing 等時：Thereisstillmuchthatcanbedoneaboutit./Haveyougoteverythingthatyouneed?5）先行詞是who時：Whothathaveseenhimdoesnotlikehim?2．不用that 的場合如下：1）非限制性定語從句中Lastnight,Isawaverygoodfilm,whichwasabouttheLongMarch.2）介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前時ThisisthemanfromwhomIlearntthenews3）句中出現(xiàn)了that，或先行詞是that時IhavefoundthatwhichIwaslookingfor.四、“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”用法1．介詞的確定應(yīng)依據(jù)定語從句中短語的習(xí)慣性搭配，例如： Whois thegirl with whomyoujust shookhands?(shakehandswith 是習(xí)慣性搭配 )2．介詞常受先行詞的制約（即介詞和先行詞的搭配） ，例如：Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.(throughwhich 即throughthetelescope)3．當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作“動詞＋介詞”固定短語的賓語時，此時因定短語中的介詞不能拆開移到關(guān)系代詞前。例如：Thisisthewatchwhichyourelookingfor./Heisakindofmanwhomyoucansafelydependon.五、幾個名詞后的引導(dǎo)詞1.situation 后常用where,inwhich 引導(dǎo)定語從句： Canyouimagineasituationwhere/inwhichyoucanusetheword?2.way(方式，方法)后常用inwhich 或that 或how引導(dǎo)定語從句，也可省略： Doyouknowtheway(inwhich/that/how)heworkedouttheproblem?3.“thesame＋名詞”，“such＋名詞”，“as＋名詞”后通常用 as引導(dǎo)定語從句。例如：Ihavethesamedictionary asyou(have)./Such abookasyouboughtis notworthbuying.定語從句考點分析1．Thebestwork______Luxunwroteand______Ihavereadhasbeenmadeintoafilm.A.which;that B.that; × C. ×;that D. ×;×析：如果兩個定語從句并列， 關(guān)系代詞作賓語時前一句的可以省略， 但后一句的不可省略， 故應(yīng)選C。2．Itwasin1969______twoAmericansgottothemoonbyspaceship.Itwas1969______twoAmeriansgottothemoonbyspaceship.A.when B.which C.that D. ×析：第一句是強(qiáng)調(diào)時間 in1969, 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)是“ Itwas＋強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋ that 句”，故應(yīng)選 C。第二句 It是表時間的，先行詞 1969在從句中作狀語，故選 A。3．Isthisthehouse______Shakespearewasborn?A.atwhich B.which C.inwhich D.atwhere析：觀察題目，空白處只有填 inwhich 或where才能表達(dá)“這是莎士比亞出生的房子嗎？”這一意思，故答案為 C。4．Isthishouse______Shakespearewasborn?A.where B.which C.inwhich D.atwhich析：將此句變?yōu)殛愂鼍洌?Thishouseis______Shakespearewasborn. 顯然is后是一表語從句，只有選where(＝theplacewhere) 才能表達(dá)“這是莎士比亞的出生地”這一意思，故答案為 A。5．Inthedarkstreet,therewasn ’tasingleperson______shecouldturnforhelp.A.towhom B.ofwhom C.fromwhom D.that析：“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”要考慮短語搭配或與先行搭配，這道題短語 turnto 有關(guān)，故應(yīng)選A。6．Thetwothings______theyfeltveryproudwereJim sgoldwatchandDella shair.A ．a(chǎn)boutwhich B.ofwhich C.inwhich D.forwhich析：涉及 be/feelproudof 短語，故答案為 B。7．Haveyoueveraskedhimthereason______mayexplainhisbeinglate.A.why B.that C.forwhich D.what析：此題易誤選 A、C，因為先行詞是 thereason,但細(xì)觀察分析，定語從句缺少主語，所以答案是 B。注意what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。8．Farmingisdifficult______thereisnorain.A.where B.inplace C.that D.theplacewhere析：因為difficult 是形容詞，故其后不是定語從句。這兒的空白處應(yīng)填引導(dǎo)狀語從句 where(＝intheplacewhere), 全句表達(dá)“在沒有雨水的地方耕種困難” 。這一意思，可見答案為 A。9．Weneedthesamemachine______inyourfactory.A.whichisbeingused B.asisbeingusedC.thatisbeingused D.asitisbeingused析：根據(jù)“thesame＋先行詞”后跟 as引導(dǎo)定語從句的原則，可知答案為 B。10．______thepeople,notthings______aremostimportant.A.Thereare;who B.Thoseare;that C.Itis;that D.Itwas;who析：仔細(xì)觀察分析題目，可知只有 C構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句才有成立。當(dāng)我們要檢驗視其為強(qiáng)調(diào)句的判斷是否正確時，只要將“ Itis( 或was) that”這三個詞去掉，剩下部分讀起來正確無誤，則證明判斷是正確的，反之是錯誤的。此題如不填“ Itis that”三詞，句子是 Thepeople,notthingsaremostimportant. 語義完整正確，說明選C是對的。名詞從句、定語從句專練1.______surprisedmemostwasthenews______ourteamwon.A.That;thatB.What;whichC.What;thatD.That;which2.Thisistheonlybook______Iwanttoread.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.as3.Thereason______Iamsolateis______thebus.A.that;IdidntcatchB.×;thatImissedC.why;becauseIhavemissedD.×;becausemynotcatching4.Theproblem______hasbeencompletelysettled.A.whichyouthoughtB.thatyouthoughtC.aboutwhichyouthoughtitD.thatyouthoughtabout5.Isthisthetape－recorderyouwish______?A.tohaveitrepairedB.torepairitC.tohaverepairedD.repairing6.Theelectrictoy______lastmonthhasgoneoutoforder.A.IboughtitforhimB.whichIboughttohimC.IboughtforhimD.thatIboughttohim7.Hisheadsoonappearedoutofoneofthesecondstoreywindows,______heoculdseenothingbuttress.A.frmwhichB.fromwhereC.whereD.fromthere8.Everyminute______fulluseoftostudyourlessonswilldoourstudentsgood.A.whichmakesB.thatismadeC.thatmadeD.whatismadeWillitbetwomonths______wecangetanotherone?A.thatB.whenC.beforeD.inwhich10.Aftergraduationweshouldgo______ourPartyneedsusmost.A.totheplacewhich B.inwhich C.that D.where11.Thereisapopularbeliefamongparents______schoolsarenolougerinterestedinhandwriting.A.who B.whose C.that D.which12.Helentmealotofmaney,______Icouldn ’tbuytheTVset.A.withit B.forwhich C.withoutwhich D.bywhich13.Waterpowerstationsarebulit______bigwaterfalls.A.whichare B.whichhas C.wheretherehave D.wherethereare14.Thedirection______aforceactscanbechanged.A.how B.which C.towards D. ×15.Wasityesterday______youreceivedtheletterfromher?A.when B.which C.onwhich D.that16.Intheendshedecidedtosellthehouse______windowswerealmostbroken.A.which B.that C.ofwhich D.whose17.That______youlentmewasn ’t_____Iwanted.A.that;all B.which;all C.that;what D.which;that18.Eachtime______theymet,theywouldtalklonghourstogether.A.during B.which C.where D. ×19.Thisisthethirdweek______fortherubbish.A.thattheydidn ’tcome B.theyaren ’tcomingC.theyhaven ’tcome D.whentheyhaven ’tcome20.Onthedesk______aChinesebrush______hehadmadedrawing.A.lay;withwhich B.lies;bywhich C.laid;inwhich D.lay;onwhich21.Wellneverforgetthedays______wespentontheseashore.A.duringwhich B.inwhich C.when D. ×22.Thebeautifulchurch______weseethereisveryfamous.A.thetowerwhich B.ofwhosetower C.thetowerofwhich D.ofwhichtower23.The11thAsianGames,______Chinawon183goldmedals,washeldintheautumnof1990.A.which B.that C.atwhich D.atthat24.Theonlything______iswrongwiththisis______afriendofminesaidtometheotherday.A.which;whatB.what;thatC.that;whatD.that;which25.Whoisheman______istalkingwithJohn?A.which B.who C.what D.that26.Thefarmeruseswoodtobuildahouse______tostoregrains.A.withwhich B.towhere C.which D.inwhich27.Ireallydon tknow______Ihadmypocketpicked.A.wherewasitthat B.itwaswherethatC.whereitwasthat D.wasitwherethat28.Heinsistedthathe______rightindoingthat.A.shouldbe B.was C.wouldbe D.is——HaveyouheardfromMaryrecently?——Yes,shesaidshewasthinking______sheshoulddonext.A.thatB.ofwhatC.whatD.how30.Canyouguess______?A.whothatmanis B.whoisthatmanC.whatisthatman D.whomthatmanis31.Tomtoldhisauntthathe______whathewasdoingduringthetimewhenhewasinthecountry.A.hadjustasked B.hadjustbeenasked C.wasjustasked D.justasked32.Thereason______shegavefornotbeingpresentwas______theheavysnowpreventedhercoming.A. ×;because B.why;because C. ×;that D.why;whether33.Airistous______wateristofish.A.what B.that C.which D.isthat34.Thefreeticketwillbesentto______comesfirst.A.whoever B.whomever C.whosever D.nomatterwho35.______isstillunknownwhenthepresidentwillmakeapublicspeech.A.It B.That C.He D.What36.Idon tknow______is______Iwasborn.A.that;when B.that;what C.that;where D.what;where37.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild______heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever38.Fathermadeapromise______Ipassedtheexaminationhewouldbuymeabicycle.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.thatif39.Asmanynembers______werepresentagreedtotheplan.A.wh