英語寫作的常見錯誤

英語寫作常見錯誤分析一．不一致（Disagreements）所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致，它還包括了數(shù)的不一致時態(tài)不一致及代詞不一致等．例１．Whenonehavemoney,hecandowhathewantto.(人一旦有了錢，他就能想干什么就干什么．)剖析：one是單數(shù)第三人稱，因而本句的have應(yīng)改為has;同理，want應(yīng)改為wants.本句是典型的主謂不一致．改為：Onceonehasmoney,hecandowhathewants(todo)二．修飾語錯位（MisplacedModifiers）英語與漢語不同，同一個修飾語置于句子不同的位置，句子的含義可能引起變化．對于這一點中國學(xué)生往往沒有引起足夠的重視，因而造成了不必要的誤解．例１．IbelieveIcandoitwellandIwillbetterknowtheworldoutsidethecampus.剖析：better位置不當，應(yīng)置于句末．三．句子不完整（SentenceFragments）在口語中，交際雙方可借助手勢語氣上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解．可是書面語就不同了，句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整會令意思表達不清，這種情況常常發(fā)生在主句寫完以后，筆者又想加些補充說明時發(fā)生．例１．Therearemanywaystoknowthesociety.ForexamplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon.剖析：本句后半部分＂forexamplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon.”不是一個完整的句子，僅為一些不連貫的詞語，不能獨立成句．改為：Therearemanywaystoknowsociety,forexample,byTV,radio,andnewspaper.四．懸垂修飾語（DanglingModifiers）所謂懸垂修飾語是指句首的短語與后面句子的邏輯關(guān)系混亂不清．例如：Attheageoften,mygrandfatherdied.這句中＂attheageoften＂只點出十歲時，但沒有說明”誰”十歲時．按一般推理不可能是mygrandfather,如果我們把這個懸垂修飾語改明確一點，全句就不那么費解了．改為：WhenIwasten,mygrandfatherdied.例１．Todowellincollege,goodgradesareessential.剖析：句中不定式短語“todowellincollege”的邏輯主語不清楚．改為：Todowellincollege,astudentneedsgoodgrades.五．詞性誤用(MisuseofPartsofSpeech)“詞性誤用”常表現(xiàn)為：介詞當動詞用；形容詞當副詞用；名詞當動詞用等．例１．Nonecannegativetheimportanceofmoney.剖析：negative系形容詞，誤作動詞。改為：Nonecandenytheimportanceofmoney.六．指代不清(AmbiguousReferenceofPronouns)指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物關(guān)系不清，或者先后所用的代詞不一致。試看下面這一句：Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedhertobeherbridesmaid.(瑪麗和我姐姐很要好，因為她要她做她的伴娘。)讀完上面這一句話，讀者無法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰將結(jié)婚，誰將當伴娘。如果我們把易于引起誤解的代詞的所指對象加以明確，意思就一目了然了。這個句子可改為：Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedmysistertobeherbridesmaid.例1.Andwecanalsoknowthesocietybyservingityourself.剖析：句中人稱代詞we和反身代詞yourself指代不一致。改為：Wecanalsoknowsocietybyservingitourselves.七．不間斷句子(Run-onSentences)什么叫run-onsentence?請看下面的例句。例１．Therearemanywayswegettoknowtheoutsideworld.剖析：這個句子包含了兩層完整的意思：“Therearemanyways.”以及“Wegettoknowtheoutsideworld.”。簡單地把它們連在一起就不妥當了。改為：Therearemanywaysforustolearnabouttheoutsideworld.或：Therearemanywaysthroughwhichwecanbecomeacquaintedwiththeoutsideworld八．措詞毛病(TroublesinDiction)Diction是指在特定的句子中如何適當?shù)剡x用詞語的問題，囿于教學(xué)時間緊迫，教師平時在這方面花的時間往往極其有限，影響了學(xué)生在寫作中沒有養(yǎng)成良好的推敲，斟酌的習(xí)慣。他們往往隨心所欲，拿來就用。所以作文中用詞不當?shù)腻e誤比比皆是。例１．Theincreasinguseofchemicalobstaclesinagriculturealsomakespollution.(農(nóng)業(yè)方面化學(xué)物質(zhì)使用的不斷增加也造成了污染。)剖析：顯然，考生把obstacles“障礙”，“障礙物”誤作substance“物質(zhì)”了。另外“theincreasinguse(不斷增加的使用)”應(yīng)改為“abusiveuse(濫用)”。改為：Theabusiveuseofchemicalsubstancesinagriculturealsocauses/leadstopollution.九．累贅(Redundancy)言以簡潔為貴。寫句子沒有一個多余的詞；寫段落沒有一個無必要的句子。能用單詞的不用詞組；能用詞組的不用從句或句子。如：Inspiteofthefactthatheislazy,Ilikehim.本句的“thefactthatheislazy”系同謂語從句，我們按照上述“能用詞組的不用從句”可以改為：Inspiteofhislaziness,Ilikehim.例１．Forthepeoplewhoarediligentandkind,moneyisjustthethingtobeusedtobuythethingtheyneed.剖析：整個句子可以大大簡化。改為：Diligent,caringpeopleusemoneyonlytobuywhattheyneed.十．不連貫(Incoherence)不連貫是指一個句子前言不對后語，或是結(jié)構(gòu)上不暢通。這也是考生常犯的毛病。例１．Thefreshwater,itisthemostimportantthingsoftheearth.剖析：Thefreshwater與逗號后的it不連貫。It與things在數(shù)方面不一致。改為：Freshwateristhemostimportantthingintheworld.十一．綜合性語言錯誤(ComprehensiveMisusage)所謂“綜合性語言錯誤”，是指除了上述十種錯誤以外，還有諸如時態(tài)，語態(tài)，標點符號，大小寫等方面的錯誤。例1．Today,Moneytoeverybodyisveryimportance,our’seat,cloth,live,goetc.本作文競開頭茅部分樓對立伯法婦:拍先引見出其斧他人表的不梢同看葛法鹿,耐然后爬提出驚自己算的看疏法或器者偏眠向于扛某一均看溜法搭,簡柱適用館于有月爭議夏性的違主存題裁.栽例侍如蕉(e陶.g匙)析[1].Whenaskedabout.....,thevast/overwhelmingmajorityofpeoplesaythat.......ButIthink/viewabitdifferently.[2].Whenitcomesto....,somepeoplebelievethat.......Othersargue/claimthattheopposite/reverseistrue.Thereisprobablysometruthinbotharguments/statements,but(Itendtotheprofer/latter...)[3].Now,itiscommonly/generally/widelybelieved/held/acknowledgedthat....Theyclaim/believe/arguethat...ButIwonder/doubtwhether.....1-2現(xiàn)象法引出要剖析的現(xiàn)象或者問題,然后評論.e.g[1].Recentlytheriseinproblemof/(phenomenonof)...hascaused/arousedpublic/popular/wide/worldwideconcern.[2].Recentlytheissueoftheproblemof/thephenomenonof...hasbeenbroughtintofocus.(hasbeenbraughttopublicattention)褲[3篇].菌In更fl荷at塑io奉n/鎮(zhèn)Co屋rr生up奔ti添on缸/S雪oc蓋ia娃l帽in修eq旁ua寸li之ty壩.侮..平i朽s噸ye妻t劣an狹ot永he粘r灣of領(lǐng)t拳h(huán)e彩ne翁w路an襖d紅bi厘tt錢er孫t水ru澡th巨w予e柄ha然ve暴t對o符le期ar篇n它to飽f捕ac夏e撈no朝w/棵co呼ns愿ta偉nt樣ly世.僑1-賠3趣觀點迷法夢-諒--瘋-刪開門賄見記山油,棉直接仙了當部地提纏出自車己對晚要討玉論的袍問題梯的看毯法撫.爛e.破g:帳擁祝[1未].胃古符Ne啊ve艇r左hi陶st額or鈔y洞ha飛s植th怖e桃ch負an席ge鞠舒of聚.孕.屢be伯en艱a準s績ev油id此en月t摟as終.辦..鏟No茶w膏he勤re落i淘n飾th錢e大wo蛋rl密d/宋Ch列in襲a限ha漢s槽th何e阿is扎su驢e/貝id魔ea嚼o林f編..研b躁ee姐n北mo細re船葛vi誼si袋bl遠e/度po濟pu終la漏r個th頁an蕉..召.裕頓應(yīng)處彈[2游].扮品貸No壇w獵pe練op宴le巷i飼n拒gr掠ow卷in剪g/霉si睛gn柴if舅ic宜an跌t關(guān)nu寨mb兆er蓋s喝ar束e仍be殃gi害nn揮in象g/幻co吃mi放ng眾t巨o陸re拐al讀iz嘆e/哀ac飼ce柳pt睜/(危be粒a園wa慶re定)摟th完at勢..雨.噸傳上吵椒[3集].跨牌播No斗w纏th外er貧e降is益a酸g季r瓶ow鼠in壇g婚aw介ar臥en趟es房s/閥re倒co出gn幕it憐io犁n昌of裝t揮he損n兇ec付es鬧si增ty形to跳..粥..絡(luò)..痕No沫w考pe梅op忠le昌b牛ec尊om鋼e益in豈cr雄ea御si歡ng用ly燒a減wa木re慣/c宰on脈sc雁io奉us投o甲f棕th下e踏im她po百rt派an岸ce既o感f竊..仆..正..利旅榆聞蠅[4俊].誼P分er總ha咐ps風i今t蚊is電t獸im勵e廟to妹h畝av擠e興a櫻fr寸es投h繞lo密ok翼a攏t收th擔e衣at帳ti至tu吧de筒/i趁de糠a孔th歉at正..頸..泊..互.殖1-扭4亭引用暴法掃-肆--結(jié)--雷先引從出名喇人名閉言或拔者有節(jié)代表波性的搏看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ybethereasonscanbelistedasfollows.Thefirstoneisthat(thetwogenerations,havinggrownupatdifferenttimes,havedifferentlikesanddislikes,thusthedisagreementoftenrisesbetweenthem).Besides,(duetohavinglittleincommontotalkabout,theyarenotwillingtositfacetoface).Thethirdreasonis(withthepaceofmodernlifebecomingfasterandfaster,bothofthemaresobusywiththeirworkorstudythattheydon'tspareenoughtimetoexchangeideas).Tosumup,themaincauseofXXisdueto(lakeofcommunicationandunderstandingeachother).Itishightimethatsomethingweredoneuponit.Ontheonehand,(childrenshouldrespecttheirparents).Ontheotherhand,(parentsalsoshouldshowsolicituefortheirchildren).Allthesemeasureswillcertainlybridgethegenerationgap.第二天：（I）說明原因型模塊（2）Inrecentyears,xxhascausedaheateddebateon(1).Thefactorsfor(2).Firstofall,(3).Then,therecomesacasethat(4).Moreover,(5).Especiallywhen(6).Indeed,theseuniquepointscanbecollectedtoremindpeoplethat(7).Inthisway,weshouldbehavejustlike(8).TheimpactofTelevisionInrecentyears,withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,80percentofallhomesinChinahavesatelliteTV,offeringasmanyas50channels.Ithascausedaheateddebateon(theimpactoftelevisiononchildren).Manyparentsareworriedabouttheimpactofsomuchtelevisiononchildren.Thefactorsfor(parents'worryisthatchildrenareindulgeintelevisionandspendtoomuchtimeonit.).Firstofall,(withsomanyprogramstochoosefrom,childrenarenotgettingasmuchexerciseastheyshould).Then,therecomesacasethat(somestudieshaveshowthatexcessivewatchingoftelevisionbymillionsofchildrenhasloweredtheirabilitytoachieveinschool).Moreover,(theeffectonchildren'smindsaremoreseriousthantheeffectonchildren'sbodies).Especiallywhen(thechildrenaretoosmalltojudgewhatprogramsaresuittothem).Indeed,theseuniquepointscanbeconnectedtoremindparentsthat(theyshouldpaycloseattentiontoandresponsibilitiesforsupervisingtheirchildren'sTVviewing).Inthisway,childrenwillnotbeinfluencedtoodeeply.（I）說明原因型模塊（3）Currently,XXhasbeentheorderoftheday.Thisdoesdemonstratethetheory---nothingismorevaluablethanXX.Itisclearthat(1).Ifyou(2),asaresult,yourdreamswillcometrue.Onthecontrary,ifyou(3).Failurewillbefollowingwithyou.Itturnsoutthatallyourplanfallsthrough.Noonecandenyanotherfactthat(4).Youdon'thavetolookveryfartofindoutthetruth,inrespectthatweallknow(5).Itwillexertaprofoundinfluenceupon(6).Withreferencetomystandpoint,Ithink(7).注釋：1：XX的第一個優(yōu)點2：支持XX的做法3：不支持XX的做法4：XX的第二個優(yōu)點5：舉例證明優(yōu)點二6：說明XX優(yōu)點三的影響第三天我寫的相應(yīng)作文：Theimportanceofself-confidenceCurrently,self-confidencehasbeentheorderoftheday.Thisdoesdemonstratethetheory---nothingismorevaluablethanself-confidence.Itisclearthat(self-confidencemeanstrustinone'sabilities).Ifyou(arefullofself-confidence,itwillbringyourcreativepowertoplay,arouseyourenthusiasmforwork,andhelpyouovercomedifficulties),asaresult,yourdreamswillcometrue.Onthecontrary,ifyou(havenoconfidenceinyourself,thereislittlepossibilitythatyouwouldeverachieveanything).FailurewillbefollowingwithyouItturnsoutthatallyourplanfallsthrough.Noonecandenyanotherfactthat(self-confidencegivesyoulightwhenyouareindarkandencouragementwhenyouaredismayed).Youdon'thavetolookveryfartofindoutthetruth,inrespectthatweallknow(thesecretofMariaCurieliesinperseveranceandself-confidence,thelatterinparticular).Itwillexertaprofoundinfluenceupon(theachievementofone'sambitions).Withreferencetomystandpoint,Ithink(hethatcanhaveself-confidencecanhavewhathewill).（I）說明原因型模塊（4）Formostofustoday,(1).Fromabove,wecanfindthatthereasonswhy(2)areasfollows.Theprimaryreason,Ithink,is(3).Second,(4).Thethirdreason,actually,is(5).Thesignificancefor(6).Therefore,(7).注釋：（1）人們針對XX的態(tài)度和舉措（2）歸納現(xiàn)狀（3）第一個原因（4）第二個原因（5）第三個原因（6）重申造成現(xiàn)狀的最重要原因（7）我的建議我寫的模塊（４）的相應(yīng)的作文，僅供參考PollutionMostofustoday(recognizethatenvironmentalpollutionhasbeenagreatlyseriousproblem.lotsofplantstreescorpsaredestroyedbybadair.manyfishdieofpoisonouswater.thousandsofpeoplediefromeatingpoisonedfishorbreathingingas.therefore,environmentalpollutionshouldberesponsibleforthesediseasesthataredisabling,orbringingdeathnotonlytohumanbeings,butalsotowildlife.)fromabove,wecanfindthatthereasonswhy(environmentarepollutedmoreandmoreseriously)areasfollows.theprimaryreason,Ithink,is(thereasonofharmfulsubstancesintoenvironment.forexample,topreventinsects,farmersmakeuseofgreatamountsofinsecticides,soastohavebumperharvests.however,theypolluteair,waterandland).second,(thegascomingfromthecarenginesandfactoriesalsomakeenvironmentpollutedbadly).thethirdreasonactuallyis(theresultofagrowingpopulationintheworld.everyday,somuchlitterandwastearepouredoutfromhouses,alsopollutetheenvironment).thesignificancefor(controllingpollution)notedthatit'shightimethatmoreeffectivemeasuresshouldbetaken.therefore,(new