高級英語第一冊第九課公開課一等獎(jiǎng)市賽課獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

Lesson9

MarkTwain---MirrorofAmerica

by

NoelGrove

制作人：趙霞MarkTwain(1835-1910)BackgroundInformationMarkTwainIntroductionofhismajorworksTheGildedAgeandTheGoldRushAbouttheauthor

SamuelLanghorneClemens(November30,1835–April21,1910),betterknownbythepennameMarkTwain,wasanAmericanhumorist,satirist,writer,andlecturer.TwainismostnotedforhisnovelsAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnandTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.ClemenswasawellknownauthorintheUnitedStates,apopularcomedianandmonologist,andfriendtopresidents,artists,leadingindustrialists,andEuropeanroyalty.MarkTwain'sAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnhasbeencalledaGreatAmericanNovel.

Heenjoyedimmensepublicpopularityandhiskeenwitandincisivesatireearnedhimpraisefrombothcriticsandpeers.AmericanauthorWilliamFaulknercalledTwain"thefatherofAmericanliterature.”IntroductionofhismajorworksMarkTwainwrotenovelsprincipally,healsowroteshortstories,speeches,andnon-fictionsTheGildedAge(1873),TheAdventuresofTomSawyer(1876),ThePrinceandthePauper(1881),AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn(1884),AConnecticutYankeeinKingArthur'sCourt(1889)TheTragedyofPudd'nheadWilson(1894)

Healsowrotesomeautobiographicalworks,including

TheInnocentsAbroad(1869),ATrampAbroad(1880),LifeontheMississippi(1883),MarkTwain'sAutobiography.

TheGildedAgeandTheGoldRush

TheGildedAge(1873),whichfollowedRoughingIt,wasTwain'sfirstnovel.HewroteitwithhisfriendandfellowHartfordwriter,CharlesDudleyWarner.ThetitlereferstothedecadesfollowingtheCivilWar.Thisbooksatirizestheselfishnessandmoney-makingschemesthatwerecommonduringthattime.

"Whatisthechiefendofman?--togetrich.Inwhatway?--dishonestlyifwecan;honestlyifwemust."

--MarkTwain-1871

ThesagaofAmericanwealthcreation,bothforthenationandforitsenterprisingcapitalists,reacheditspeakduringtheGildedAge,aperiodroughlydelimitedbytheendofCivilWarandthebeginningofWorldWarI.InAmerica,thisperiodwascharacterizedbyseeminglyboundlesseconomicexpansionandtheemergenceofanewnation,whichhadcompletedtheconquestofitsvastWesternterritoriesandtakentheleadamongothernations,inindustryandtrade.

Duringthe"GildedAge,"everymanwasapotentialAndrewCarnegie,andAmericanswhoachievedwealthcelebrateditasneverbefore.InNewYork,theopera,thetheatre,andlavishpartiesconsumedtherulingclass'leisurehours.

Whiletherichworediamonds,manyworerags.RuralAmericansandnewimmigrantscrowdedintourbanareas.Tenementsspreadacrosscitylandscapes,teemingwithcrimeandfilth.Americanshadsewingmachines,phonographs,skyscrapers,andevenelectriclights,yetmostpeoplelaboredintheshadowofpoverty.LifeontheMississippi

(1883)

LifeontheMississippi

(1883)describesthehistory,sights,people,andlegendsofthesteamboatsandtownsoftheMississippiRiverregion.Inthemostvividpassages,chapters4through17,Twainrecalledhisownpilotingdays.ThesechaptershadoriginallybeenpublishedintheAtlanticMonthlyin1875as"OldTimesontheMississippi."

TheCaliforniaGoldRush

(1848to1859)

TheGoldRushwasoneofthemostsignificanteventsinCaliforniahistory.ItbroughtpeoplefromallovertheUnitedStatesandtheworldinsearchforgold.FollowingthediscoveryofgoldinCaliforniain1848,theworldrushedin.EagergoldseekersheadedsouthfromOregon;northfromMexico,Chile,andPeru;eastfromChinaandtheislandsofthePacific;andwestfromeverystateintheunionandcountriesthroughoutEurope.ThisrichnessofintersectingfrontiersproducedthemostethnicallydiverseregioninthenationStructureofthetextPart1:(par.1)AgeneralintroductionofMarkTwainPart2:(par.2-20)MarkTwain'smainexperiencesandworksPart3:(par.21-22)Marktwain'sdisappointmentinhumanlifeinlateryears

DetailedStudyofthetext

Part1:(Para.1)

Part1:(par.1)AgeneralintroductionofMarkTwainIntroductionThefirstparagraphservesasanintroductionofthewholetext.ItprovidesangeneralappraisalofMarkTwain,thefatherofHackandTom,thenation'sbest-lovedauthor,andthegoodnewsandbadnews.Theauthoradoptedsomerhetoricaldevicestoillustratethepicture,andalsosomeveryemphaticadjectives,adverbs,suchaseternal,endless,everybit,profound,etc.Thefirstparagraphishighlyconclusive.Questions:1.Identifyandexplainthemetaphorinthefirstsentence.2.Whatistheimplicationofthetwoadjectives"eternal"and"endless"?3.WhywasTwainsaidtobeadventurous,patriotic,romantic,andhumorous?4.Whatdidtheauthormeanby"IfoundanotherTwain..."?5.Identifyandexplainthemetaphorinthelastsentence.WordsandExpressionscruise:Acruiseisaholidayduringwhichyoutravelonashipandvisitlotsofplaces.Whenitisusedasaverb,itmeanstomoveataconstantspeedthatiscomfortableandunhurried.Hewasonaworldcruise.cruisemissile:

amissilewhichcarriesanuclearwarheadandwhichisguidedbyacomputerasitflies.Itcanbelaunchedfromtheland,seaorair.TheyspendthesummercruisingintheGreekislands.ThetaxicruisedoffdowntheChang'anAvenue.cruiser:alargefastwarship.cf:aircraftcarrier,helicoptercarrier,battleship,flagship,destroyer,speedboat,torpedoboat,etc.everybitas:infml,justas,quiteas

Heiseverybitascleverasyouare.I'meverybitassorryaboutitasyou.Cynic:memberofaschoolofancientGreekphilosophythatdespisedeaseandcomfortacynicalremark,attitude,smileThey'vegrownrathercynicalaboutdemocracy,ienolongerbelievethatitisanhonestsystem.

obsess:fillthemindcontinuously,AmE,toworrycontinuouslyandunnecessarily.Ifsthobsessesyouorifyouareobsessedwithitorbyit,youkeepthinkingaboutitoveralongperiodoftime,andfinditdifficulttothinkaboutanythingelse.Hebecameabsolutelyobsessedwithagirlreporterontelevision.Sheisobsessedbythedesiretobecomeagreatscientist.cf:preoccupy:tofillthethoughtsorholdtheinterestofsb.almostcompletely,esp.sothatnotenoughattentionisgiventoother(present)matters.ParaphraseMirrorofAmerica:Metaphor.Amirrorreflectsorrevealsthetruthofsomethingorsomebody.

MostAmericansrememberMarkTwainasthefather...Father:metaphor.Endless:hyperbole.Thewholesentence:parallelism.MarkTwainisfamoustomostAmericansasthecreatorofHackFinnandTomSawyer.Hack'ssailing/voyage/journey/travelontheriverwassopleasant,lighthearted,carefree,simpleandpeacefulthatitmadehisboyhoodseemtobeinfinite,whileTom'sindependentmindandhisexcitinganddangerousactivitiesmadethesummerseemeverlasting.FiguresofSpeechMetaphorMirrorofAmericaMostAmericansrememberMarkTwainasthefather...

UnderstatementParallelism&hyperbole.

MostAmericansrememberMarkTwainasthefatherofHuckFinn'sidylliccruisethrougheternalboyhoodandTomSawyer'sendlesssummeroffreedomandadventure.I

DetailedStudyoftheText

PartII

(Para2-20)

Part2:(par.2-20)MarkTwain'smainexperiencesandworksSection1.(Trampprinter...thesettledUnitedStates)thesetting,backgroundknowledgeSection2.(YoungMark...thatinventedretreating)earlyyearsoflifeontheMississippiandasaConfederateguerrillaSection3.(Hewentwest...best-seller.)Onhiswaytosuccess.Section4.(Attheage...renewouredges.)Commentonhisbestworks.Question

1.WhycanwesayTwainisstillapopularwriter?2.Wherewasthemainchanneloftransportationinhischildhood?3.Whatdoesitmeanby"medicineshow"?4.Howdoyouunderstand"thewildhumorist"?5.Howdidheestablishhisliteraryposition?6.Explain"sweptthenation","wasgivenalifeofitsown".WordsandExpressions

frailty:aweaknessofcharacterorbehaviour.Oneofthefrailtiesofhumannatureislaziness.Thatchairlookstoofrailtotakeaman'sweight.Thereisonlyafrailchancethathewillpasstheexamination.tramp:apersonwhohasnohomeorpermanentjobandverylittlemoney.

Trampsgofromplacetoplacegettingfoodandmoneybytakingoccasionaljoborbegging.Awomanwhoisthoughttohavesexwithalotofmeniscursedtobeatramp.Whenusedasaverb,trampmeanstowalkheavilyinaparticulardirectionoralongroadsorstreets.There'satrampatthedoorbeggingforfood.Wetrampedforhoursthroughthesnow.Don'ttrampaboutsonoisily,you'llwakeeveryoneup.cf:盲流，”blindflow”,unauthorizedmove,personswhomovewithoutgovernmentsanction

starry:fullofstarsinthesky,indicatingsparkling,glowing,andflashing.starry-eyed:fullofunreasonableorsillyhopes.Ifyouarestarry-eyed,youaresofullofdreamsorhopesoridealisticthoughtsthatyoudonotseehowthingsreallyare.Wewereallstarry-eyedaboutvisitingLondon.

range:totravelwithoutanydefiniteplanordestination,afairlyliteraryuse.

cf:wander,range,saunter,strollWanderimpliestheabsenceofafixedcourseormoreorlessindifferencetoacoursethathasbeenfixedorotherwiseindicated.Thetermmayimplythemovementofawalkerwhetherhumanoranimal,butitmaybeusedofanythingcapableofdirection.Hiseyeswanderedoverthelandscape.Hismindwanderedandhewasunsureofhimself.Rangemaybepreferredwhenliteralwanderingisnotimpliedorwhenthestressisonthesweepofterritorycoveredratherthanontheformoflocomotioninvolved.Hespentthesummerrangingtheworld.Animalsrangethroughtheforests.Saunterstressesaleisurelypaceandinidleandcarefreemind.Strolldiffersfromsaunterchieflyintheimplicationsofanobjective,(assight-seeingorexercise)pursuedwithouthasteandsometimeswithwanderingfromoneplacetoanother.strolling(around)inthepark

adopt:totakeanduseasone'sownTheUSgovernmentdecidedtoadoptahardlinetowardsterrorists.Congresshasadoptedthenewmeasures.Iadoptedtheirmethodofmakingthemachine.adoptaname,acustom,anidea,astyleofdressHavingnochildrenoftheirowntheydecidedtoadoptanorphan/dog.Paul'smotherhadhimadoptedbecauseshecouldn'tlookafterhimherself.heradoptedcountry,ienothernativecountrybuttheoneinwhichshehaschosentoliveadept:~(insth);~(at/indoingsth)She'sadeptatgrowingroses.He'sanadeptincarpentry.adapt~sth(forsth)makesthsuitableforanewuse,situation,etc;modifysthThismachinehasbeenspeciallyadaptedforuseunderwater.ThisnovelhasbeenadaptedforTVfromtheRussianoriginal.Oureyesslowlyadaptedtothedark.Paraphrase

...withthelanguagethathesoakedupwith...

Heabsorbedanddigestedthecolourfullanguagewithanastonishinggoodmemorywhichseemedtobeabletorecordthingslikeaphonographic(gramophone).maincurrentofpioneeringhumanity:metaphor,peoplewithpioneeringspiritwhoformsthemajority,themainpartofthemwerepeoplewithdevotion/dedicationtoopenupnewareasandpreparewaysforothers.FiguresofSpeechMetaphorsawclearlyaheadablackwallofnight...mainarteryoftransportationintheyoungnation'sheartthevastbasindrainedthree-quartersofthesettledUnitedStatesAllwouldresurfaceinhisbooks...thathesoakedup...Steamboatdecksteemed...maincurrentof...butitsflotsamWhenrailroadsbegandryingupthedemand......theepidemicofgoldandsilverfever...Simile:...amemorythatseemedphonographicPersonification:...toliterature'senduringgratitude......anentrythatwilldeterminehiscourseforever...thegraveworldsmilesasusual...Antithesis:...betweenwhatpeopleclaimtobeandwhattheyreallyare......tookunholyverbalshotsattheHolyLand...Alliteration:...theslow,sleepy,sluggish-brainedslothsstayedathomeDetailedStudyofthetextPart3:(par.21-22)Marktwain'sdisappointmentinhumanlifeinlateryearsQuestions

1.WhatareTwain'spersonaltragedies?2.Howmightthesetragediesinfluencehispersonalityandwriting?3.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?4.Identifythefiguresusedin“theyvanish…h(huán)adexisted”.WordsandExpressionsfeedonsth:benourishedorstrengthenedbysthHatredfeedsonenvy.pad:toprotectormakesthmorecomfortablebycoveringorfillingwithsoftmaterialajacketwithpaddedshouldersHepaddedtheseatofthechairwithsomefoamedplastics.n.anythingmadeorfilledwithasoftmaterialusedtoprotectsth.ormakeitmorecomfortable,ortofilloutashapeGetapadtosit/lieon.Thefootballplayerworeapadonhisknee.ashoulderpadawritingpadNowtheglovescameoffwithbitingsatire.glove/mittentheglovesareoff:sbisreadyforafight(be)handinglove:workingincloseassociationHewasfoundtobehandinglovewiththeenemy.anironfist/handinavelvetglove:anappearanceofgentlenessconcealingseverity,determination,etcIfyoudescribesb.ashavinganironfistinavelvetglove,youmeanthattheyhideafirmanddeterminedpersonalitybehindagentleandquietmanner.glovepuppet:kindofpuppetwornonthehandandworkedbythefingersbite:a.cutintowiththeteethThatdogjustbitmeintheleg.Stopbitingyournails!badlybittenbymosquitoes/asnakeOncebitten,twiceshy.Itriedtosellhimmyoldcar,buthewouldn'tbite,ieheb.criticizesbangrily(andoftenunfairly)Iwasonlyfiveminuteslatebutshereallybitmyheadoff.biting:causingasmartingpainabitingwind(ofremarks)sharplycritical;cuttingbitingsarcasmsatire:Satireisridiculeorironyorsarcasmthatisused,esp.inplaysandnovels,toshowhowfoolishorwickedsomepeople'sbehaviourorideasare.NowMarkTwainthre