【英語(yǔ)】高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解(教育文化)練習(xí)題含解析

【英語(yǔ)】高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解(教育文化)練習(xí)題含解析一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解教育文化類1．閱讀理解

Limitingkids'recreational(消遣的)screentimetolessthantwohoursaday,alongwithenoughsleepandphysicalactivity,isassociatedwithimprovedcognition(認(rèn)知),accordingtoastudypublishedinTheLancetChild&AdolescentHealth.

Thestudyincludedabout4,500USchildrenaged8to11andmeasuredtheirhabitsagainsttheCanadian24-HourMovementGuidelinesforChildrenandYouth.Itfoundthat51%ofthechildrengottherecommended(建議)ninetoelevenhoursofuninterruptedsleeppernight,37%mettherecreationalscreentimelimitoftwohoursorlessperday,while18%metthephysicalactivityrecommendationofatleast60minutesofaccumulatedphysicalactivityaday.Only5%ofthechildreninthestudymetallthreerecommendations;30%metnoneatall.

Theresearchersfoundthataseachrecommendationwasmetbyaparticipant,therewasapositiveassociationwithglobalcognition,whichincludesmemory,attention,processingspeedandlanguage.Thosewhometallthreehadthemost"superior"globalcognition,followedbythosemeetingthesleepandscreentimerecommendationandfinallythescreentimerecommendationalone,accordingtothestudy.

Otherorganizations,suchastheAmericanAcademyofPediatricshaveguidelinesinplacetohelpwiththemanagementofchildren'sscreentime.Theorganizationsuggestsputtingrealisticrulesorlimitsinplaceforhowlongyourchildrenareontheirscreens,knowingwhotheyaretalkingtoandwhattheyaredoing.Theamountofrecommendedscreentimedependsontheageofthechild.Besides,parentsshouldalsomakesuretoencouragephysicalactivityandhavebedroomrulessuchascreating"tech-freezones".（1）Whoarethetargetreadersofthispassage?A.Researchers.B.Teachers.C.Parents.D.Children.（2）Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Astudyonchildren'sscreentimeispublished.B.TheUSchildrenfailtomeetmovementguidelines.C.Organizationsareconcernedaboutchildren'scognition.D.Limitationonchildren'sscreentimeislinkedtobettercognition.（3）Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmightcontributeleasttocognition?A.Thescreentimelimit.B.Sleephours.C.Thephysicalactivitytime.D.Sleephoursandthescreentimelimit.（4）WhydoestheAmericanorganizationsuggestcreating"tech-freezones"?A.Tomakesurechildrenhaveenoughphysicalplaytime.B.Tomakesurechildrenhaveenoughsleeptime.C.Tomakesurechildrenhaverecreationaltime.D.Toprotectchildrenagainstradiation.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，建議父母?jìng)円押⒆拥钠聊幌矔r(shí)間限制在2小時(shí)之內(nèi)、保證孩子有足夠的睡眠和鍛煉，因?yàn)檫@樣做可以讓孩子有更好的認(rèn)知能力。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Limitingkids'recreational(消遣的)screentimetolessthantwohoursaday,alongwithenoughsleepandphysicalactivity,isassociatedwithimprovedcognition(認(rèn)知),accordingtoastudypublishedinTheLancetChild&AdolescentHealth.”可知，本文主要建議父母?jìng)円押⒆拥钠聊幌矔r(shí)間限制在2小時(shí)之內(nèi)、保證孩子有足夠的睡眠和鍛煉，這樣做可以讓孩子有更好的認(rèn)知能力。所以本文的目標(biāo)讀者是父母?jìng)?，而不是研究人員、老師或兒童。故選C。（2）考查主旨大意。本文主要建議父母?jìng)円押⒆拥钠聊幌矔r(shí)間限制在2小時(shí)之內(nèi)、保證孩子有足夠的睡眠和鍛煉。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thosewhometallthreehadthemost'superior'globalcognition…”告訴父母?jìng)內(nèi)绻麄冞@樣做可以讓孩子有更好的認(rèn)知能力。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thosewhometallthreehadthemost'superior'globalcognition,followedbythosemeetingthesleepandscreentimerecommendationandfinallythescreentimerecommendationalone,accordingtothestudy.”可知，滿足三個(gè)要求的人認(rèn)知能力最好，接下來(lái)是滿足睡眠時(shí)間以及屏幕消遣限制時(shí)間，最后是滿足屏幕消遣限制時(shí)間。據(jù)此推斷，體育鍛煉對(duì)認(rèn)知能力影響最小。故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Besides,parentsshouldalsomakesuretoencouragephysicalactivityandhavebedroomrulessuchascreating'tech-freezones'.”可知,theAmericanAcademyofPediatrics建議父母?jìng)兘o孩子設(shè)立睡眠規(guī)則，例如“tech-freezones”，目的是確保孩子在臥室里有足夠的睡眠時(shí)間。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Asisknowntoall,nowadaysmanystudentsareinterestedinstudyingabroad.

Attendingschoolsabroadhasmanyadvantages.First,bylookingatourowncountryfromoutside,wecanbestseethestrongpointsandweakpointsofournationandthereforebroadenourminds.Second,whilestudyinginaforeigncountry,wecantravelwidely,visitingfamousscenicspotsandmakingfriendswiththelocalpeople.Third,wecanusetheforeignlanguageinourdailylifesothatourabilityinthatlanguagemaybeimprovedquickly.Butthemostimportantistolearnadvanced(先進(jìn)的)scienceandtechnology.Foralltheseadvantages,itisreallyworthwhiletogoabroadforeducation.

However,aseverythinghastwosides,therearealsosomedisadvantagesinattendingaforeignuniversity.Themostseriousproblemisthelanguagebarrier(障礙).Mostofthestudentswhoarereadytogoabroaddonotpreparethemselveswellforthenewlanguageenvironment.Asaresult,onarrivingthere,theywillfinditdifficulttounderstandwhattheinstructorsaresayinginclass.Besides,fornotknowingaboutthecustomsandwayoflifeofthelocalpeople,theymayrunintotroubleindealingwithvarioussituations.Therefore,misunderstandingsoftenarise.Furthermore,thecostoflivingismuchhigherthanthatinourcountry,somoststudentshavetofindpart-timejobsinordertohelpsupportthemselves.Facedwiththesedifficulties,manystudentsfindthemselvesunabletopayfullattentiontotheirstudiesandsomestudentsmayevenfailintheircoursesandlearnlittle.

Therefore,givenanopportunitytoattendaschoolabroad,onemustconsiderthefactorscarefullybeforemakinguphismind.Ontheonehand,itisagoodthingtogoandstudyabroad.Butontheotherhand,onemustnotneglect(忽視)thedisadvantages.（1）Accordingtothepassage,thefollowingarealladvantagesofstudyingabroadEXCEPT__________.A.

havingmorechancestogetgoodjobs

B.

improvingforeignlanguageabilityquicklyC.

visitingwell-knownplacesofinterest

D.

learningverymodernscienceandtechnology（2）Theunderlinedword"instructors"inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto"__________".A.neighborsB.teachersC.strangersD.classmates（3）Accordingtothepassage,whydosomestudentsfindpart-timejobs?A.Becausetheywanttolearnmoreskillsinadifferentcountry.B.Becausetheywanttomakefulluseoftheirtime.C.Becausetheyarenotinterestedinstudying.D.Becausetheyhavetosupportthemselves.（4）Thepassagemainlytellsusthat__________.A.studyingabroadisagoodwaytolearnmoreB.everythinghastwosidesC.peopleshouldthinktwicebeforegoingabroadD.goingabroadhasmoreadvantagesthandisadvantages【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的壞處和好處，旨在告誡人們對(duì)出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)要慎重考慮，不能盲目跟風(fēng)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"wecantravelwidely，visitingfamousscenicspots"及"ourabilityinthatlanguagemaybeimprovedquickly.Butthemostimportantistolearnadvanced（先進(jìn)的）scienceandtechnology"可知，出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)可以提高我們的外語(yǔ)能力、參觀著名景點(diǎn)和學(xué)習(xí)先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)，而沒有提及有更多的機(jī)會(huì)找到好工作，故選A。（2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第三段中的"sayinginclass"可知，他們很難理解講師在課堂上所說(shuō)的話，由此可知畫線詞詞義為"老師"，故選B。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"somoststudentshavetofindpart-timejobsinordertohelpsupportthemselves"可知，很多學(xué)生找兼職工作是為了養(yǎng)活他們自己，故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，文章主要分析了出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的利弊，根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，文章旨在說(shuō)明對(duì)出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)要慎重考慮，不能盲目跟風(fēng)，故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Askanynewcollegegraduateabouthisimmediategoals,anditislikelythathewilltellyouhewantsajob.Butitturnsoutthattoday'sstudentsarenotgoingtobesatisfiedwithanyjob.Accordingtothelatestsurvey,makingadifferencethroughtheirworkisessential(必要的)toyoungpeople'shappiness.

Thesurveyfoundthat72percentofgraduatingcollegeseniorsbelievebeingabletohaveapositivesocialinfluencethroughtheirworkisessentialtotheirhappiness.Makingadifferenceissoimportanttothemthat45percentsaytheywouldtakea15-percentpaycuttoworkatanorganizationthathasasocialorenvironmentalinfluence,and58percentsaytheywouldtakeapaycuttoworkforanorganizationwhosevaluesarethesameastheirown.

Besidesthis,thesurveyfoundthatfemalestudentsarefarmorelikelytoputsocialinfluenceinfirstplacethantheirmaleclassmates,echoingtheresultsofaformerstudyshowingthatfemalemathsandsciencemajorsaremorelikelytosaytheygointothosefieldstomakeadifference.

Onereasonfortheemphasis(強(qiáng)調(diào))onimprovingtheworldprobablyhastodowiththecultureofcolleges,whichencouragesstudentstoconnecttheirstudiesbacktoreal-worldproblems.Studentsareusedtodiscussingimportantsocialissues(問題)withtheirfriendsandprofessors,anddoingsomethingabouttheminclassorthroughvolunteeractivities.Oncestudentsdevelopthosehabits,theydon'tshutthemoffwhengraduationrollsaround.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"echoing"inparagraph3probablymean?A.Learning.B.Repeating.C.Believing.D.Creating.（2）Whatisoneofthereasonsfortheemphasisonstudentswantingtoimprovetheworld?A.Thehabitsstudentsdevelopinsociety.B.Theappearanceofimportantsocialissues.C.Theencouragementofthecultureofcolleges.D.Theeffectparents'educationhasontheirchildren.（3）Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?A.Youngpeoplewillsurelygainhappinessiftheycanmakeadifferenceintheirwork.B.Lessthanhalfofthecollegeseniorswilltakeapaycuttoworkwiththesamevalues.C.Mostcollegegraduatesbelieveitimportanttohaveapositivesocialinfluenceinwork.D.Femalegraduatesareallputtingmoresocialinfluenceinfirstplacethanmalegraduates.（4）Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.FemaleStudentsAreConcernedaboutSocietyB.YoungPeople'sHappinessDoesn'tDependonMoneyC.GraduatesBecomeMoreInterestedinChallengingJobsD.ManyGraduatesWouldTakeaPayCuttoMakeaDifference【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了通過工作能有一個(gè)積極的社會(huì)影響對(duì)年輕人的幸福至關(guān)重要。（1）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第三段中的“Besidesthis,thesurveyfoundthatfemalestudentsarefarmorelikelytoputsocialinfluenceinfirstplacethantheirmaleclassmates，”除此之外，調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)女生比男生更有可能把社會(huì)影響放在第一位；以及“theresultsofaformerstudyshowingthatfemalemathsandsciencemajorsaremorelikelytosaytheygointothosefieldstomakeadifference.”以前的一項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果顯示，女性數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生更有可能說(shuō)她們進(jìn)入這些領(lǐng)域是為了有所作為。可以推斷出兩項(xiàng)調(diào)查的結(jié)果是一致的。都說(shuō)明了女性更愿意在工作中做出影響。故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Onereasonfortheemphasis(強(qiáng)調(diào))onimprovingtheworldprobablyhastodowiththecultureofcolleges,whichencouragesstudentstoconnecttheirstudiesbacktoreal-worldproblems.”強(qiáng)調(diào)改善世界的一個(gè)原因可能與大學(xué)文化有關(guān)，大學(xué)文化鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生將他們的學(xué)習(xí)與現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的問題聯(lián)系起來(lái)。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thesurveyfoundthat72percentofgraduatingcollegeseniorsbelievebeingabletohaveapositivesocialinfluencethroughtheirworkisessentialtotheirhappiness.”調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，72%的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生認(rèn)為通過工作產(chǎn)生積極的社會(huì)影響對(duì)他們的幸福至關(guān)重要?？梢缘贸鼋Y(jié)論：多數(shù)的畢業(yè)生都認(rèn)可工作產(chǎn)生的社會(huì)影響對(duì)他們而言是重要的。故選C。（4）考查主旨大意。通過第一段的調(diào)查結(jié)論得出：對(duì)年輕人的幸福，通過工作改變世界是至關(guān)重要的。所以，文章主要闡述年輕人的幸福取決于在工作中改變世界（makeadifference）,結(jié)合第二段中的“Makingadifferenceissoimportanttothemthat45percentsaytheywouldtakea15-percentpaycuttoworkatanorganizationthathasasocialorenvironmentalinfluence,and58percentsaytheywouldtakeapaycuttoworkforanorganizationwhosevaluesarethesameastheirown.”對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，做出改變是如此重要，以至于45%的人說(shuō)他們?cè)敢饨邮?5%的減薪去一個(gè)對(duì)社會(huì)或環(huán)境有影響的組織工作，58%的人說(shuō)他們?cè)敢饨邮軠p薪去一個(gè)與他們價(jià)值觀相同的組織工作?？梢钥闯?減薪是makeadifference的重要性。綜上所述，選項(xiàng)D：ManyGraduatesWouldTakeaPayCuttoMakeaDifference和文章的主旨是一致的。故選D。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

AmongthefourskillsinlearningEnglish,whichoneoftheseisthe"odd-man-out"?Theanswerisspeaking.Theotherthreeyoucandoaloneonyourown.Butyoucan'treallyspeakalone!Speakingtoyourselfcanbe"dangerous"becausemeninwhitecoatsmaycomeandtakeyouaway!

WherecanyoufindpeopletospeakEnglish?Andhowcanyoupracticespeakingwhenyouarealone?

Atschool-Ifyoupaytogotoalanguageschool,youshouldusetheopportunitytospeak.Ifyourteacherasksyoutospeakinpairsorgroupswithotherstudents,trytosayasmuchaspossible.Don'tworryaboutyourmistakes.Justspeak!

ConversationClubs-Manycitiesaroundtheworldhaveconversationclubswherepeoplecanexchangeonelanguageforanother.Lookinyourlocalnewspapertofindaconversationclubnearyou.Theyareusuallyfreealthoughsomemaychargeasmallentrancefee(費(fèi)用).

Shopping-Evenifyoudon'twanttobuyanything,youcanaskquestionsaboutproductsthatinterestyouinashop."Howmuchdoesthiscost?""CanIpaybycheque?"Oftenyoucanstartarealconversation-anditcostsyounothing!

CaféandBars-ThereareoftenAmerican,Britain,IrishandAustralianbarsinmanylargecities.Ifyoucanfindone,you'llprobablymeetmanypeoplespeakingEnglishasafirstorsecondlanguage.

Languageisallaroundyou-Everywhereyougo,youfindlanguage.Shopnames,streetnames,advertisements,notices,andcarnumbers….Whenyouwalkdownthestreet,practicereadingthewordsandnumbersthatyousee.Saythemtoyourself.It'snotexactlyaconversation,butitwillhelpyouto"think"inEnglish.Butdon'tspeaktooloud!

SongsandVideo-RepeatthewordsofanEnglishsongsingingwiththemusicuntilitbecomesautomatic.It'sgoodpracticeforyourmemoryandforthemouthmusclesthatyouneedforEnglish.

Aboveall,speakasmuchaspossible!Makeasmanymistakesaspossible!Whenyouknowthatyouhavemadeamistake,youknowthatyouhavemadeprogress!（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"odd-man-out"probablymeanaccordingtothepassage?A.

Someoneorsomethingthatcanbeeasilymistakenforanother.B.

Someoneorsomethingappearingdifferentfromtheothers.C.

Someoneorsomethingstandingoutofthegroup.D.

Someoneorsomethingarrangedinpairs.（2）InwhichplacescanyoulearnEnglishNOTfreeofcharge?A.Atschool,inshopsandcafébars.B.Inconversationclubsandinthestreets.C.Inconversationclubs,shops,songsandvideo.D.Atschool,inconversationclubsandcaféandbars.（3）Whydoesthewritersay"Makeasmanymistakesaspossible"?A.BecauseeveryonewillmakemistakesinlearningEnglish.B.BecausemakingmistakesisamustinmakingprogressinlearningEnglish.C.BecauseeveryonewillmeetpeoplespeakingEnglishwithsomemistakes.D.Becausemakingmistakescanmakeonerealizetheimportanceofspeaking.（4）Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.TotellusthatEnglishisallaroundus.B.TotellusthatwecanspeakEnglishalone.C.Togiveussomeadviceonhowtopracticespeaking.D.TotellusspeakingistheeasiestofthefourskillsinlearningEnglish.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了如何提高英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者的口語(yǔ)水平的多個(gè)技巧和方法。（1）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第一段中的”AmongthefourskillsinlearningEnglish,whichoneoftheseisthe‘odd-man-out’?Theanswerisspeaking.Theotherthreeyoucandoaloneonyourown.“在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的四種技能中，哪一種是“odd-man-out”?答案是說(shuō)。其他三個(gè)你可以自己做。但你不能一個(gè)人說(shuō)!）可知，此處指在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的四種技能中，哪一種是不一樣的。由此推知，odd-man-out指與別的不一樣的事物。故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的”Ifyoupaytogotoalanguageschool,youshouldusetheopportunitytospeak.“如果你花錢去語(yǔ)言學(xué)校，你應(yīng)該利用這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)；第四段中的”Theyareusuallyfreealthoughsomemaychargeasmallentrancefee(費(fèi)用).“他們通常是免費(fèi)的，盡管有些人可能會(huì)收取一點(diǎn)入場(chǎng)費(fèi)；第六段部分中的”Ifyoucanfindone,you'llprobablymeetmanypeoplespeakingEnglishasafirstorsecondlanguage.“如果你能找到一個(gè)，你可能會(huì)遇到很多把英語(yǔ)作為第一或第二語(yǔ)言的人及常識(shí)可知，去咖啡館和酒吧的話，肯定會(huì)有消費(fèi)的。由此可知，你可以花錢在學(xué)校、會(huì)話俱樂部、咖啡館和酒吧學(xué)英語(yǔ)。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的”Whenyouknowthatyouhavemadeamistake，youknowthatyouhavemadeprogress!“當(dāng)你知道你犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，你就知道你進(jìn)步了!可推知，作者說(shuō)“盡量多犯錯(cuò)誤”，是因?yàn)榉稿e(cuò)誤是學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的必經(jīng)之路。故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的”WherecanyoufindpeopletospeakEnglish?Andhowcanyoupracticespeakingwhenyouarealone?“你在哪里可以找到說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的人?當(dāng)你一個(gè)人的時(shí)候，你怎么練習(xí)說(shuō)呢?及下文所推薦的地方和方法可知，文章主要講述了如何提高英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者的口語(yǔ)水平的多個(gè)地方和方法。由此可知，本文的主要目的是給我們推薦了一些如何練習(xí)口語(yǔ)的建議。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。

5．閱讀理解

Chewinggum(口香糖)hasitsoriginsinancienttimesfromMayanstoGreekswhowouldchewtheresin(樹脂)ofcertaintreesformedicalpurposesandmaybeevenforfresheningbreath.ThehistoryofchewinggumcontinuedasNativeAmericansintroducedittoEuropeansettlers.

ChewinggumhitthemarketafterSantaAnnabroughtacaseofchicle(糖膠樹脂)fromMexicotoNewYork.SantaAnnagavesometothepart-timeinventorThomasAdamsThomasAdamschangedthegumandmarketeditasacandy.TheinventiontookoffandwasknownasChiclets.

In1900FrankFleercoatechewinggumwithsugar,andin1906BlibberBlubberwasinvented,butnevermadeittomarket.BlibberBlubberwastoostickyanditwasalsotoodifficulttoremovetheburstbubble(破了的泡泡)fromone'sskinwithoutusingsomespecialtools.

Ahistoryofbubblegumjustwouldn'tbecompletewithoutmentioningthegumballmachine,whichpopularizedgum.Thefirstgumballmachinecameontothescenein1907andsoldsugar-coatedchewinggum.

However,itwasn'tuntil1928thatbubblegumwascreated.WalterDiemer,workingforFrankFleer'sgumcompany,discoveredbubblegumbyaccidentwhileexperimentinginthelabduringhisbreaks.ThegumwasnamedDubbleBubble.Pinkwastheonlycolorwhichcouldbeusedatthetime,andDubbleBubblehasremainedpinkeversince.

AccordingtotheInternationalChewingGumAssociation,duringWWIIDubbleBubblewashandedoutbyUSmilitarymembersasgifts,therebyspreadingitspopularityamongthepeoplesofEurope,Africa,andAsia.Andinthe1930shefirstbubblegumcardsappeared."thepictureschangedfromwarheroestoWildWestfigurestoprofessionalathletes."

Bubblegumhasbeenpopulareversince,especiallyamongchildren,thankstoitsinventiveshapes,andsugaryflavors,fromoriginalbubblegumtoayardstickoffruitybubblegum.（1）HowdidThomasAdamsdealwiththechiclethatSantaAnnagavetohim?A.

Hesoldittothemilitary.

B.

HeintroducedittoEuropeans.C.

Heturneditintochewinggum.

D.

Heuseditformedicalpurposes.（2）Whichofthefallowingistheleastpopular?A.

Chiclets

B.

Gumballs.

C.

DubbleBubble.

D.

BlibberBlubber.（3）WhatwasspecialaboutDubbleBubblewhenitwasinvented?A.

Itwaspink-colored.

B.

Itwascandy-coated.C.

Itwashardtoremovefromone'sskin.

D.

ItwasinventedbyaUSmilitarymember.（4）Whatdoesthetextmainlyintroduce?A.

Thepopularityofgum.

B.

Thehistoryofbubblegum.C.

Theoriginsofchewinggum.

D.

Theinventionofthegumballmachine.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了泡泡糖的起源和歷史。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“SantaAnnagavesometothepart-timeinventorThomasAdams.ThomasAdamschangedthegumandmarketeditasacandy.”SantaAnna給了兼職發(fā)明家ThomasAdams一些。ThomasAdams將口香糖改頭換面，將其作為一種糖果推向市場(chǎng)?？芍猅homasAdams把SantaAnna給他的樹膠變成了口香糖。故選C。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“BlibberBlubberwastoostickyanditwasalsotoodifficulttoremovetheburstbubblefromone'sskinwithoutusingsomespecialtools.”BlibberBlubber太粘了，不使用一些特殊的工具就很難把皮膚上破裂的泡沫去除?？赏浦?yàn)锽libberBlubber的特性，BlibberBlubber最不受歡迎。故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“Pinkwastheonlycolorwhichcouldbeusedatthetime,andDubbleBubblehasremainedpinkeversince.”粉紅色是當(dāng)時(shí)唯一可以使用的顏色，DubbleBubble從那時(shí)起一直保持粉紅色?？芍?dāng)DubbleBubble被發(fā)明出來(lái)的時(shí)候，它的特別之處是它是粉色的。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ahistoryofbubblegumjustwouldn'tbecompletewithoutmentioningthegumballmachine,whichpopularizedgum.Thefirstgumballmachinecameontothescenein1907andsoldsugar-coatedchewinggum.”泡泡糖的歷史如果不提到普及了泡泡糖的口香糖機(jī)就不完整了。1907年，第一臺(tái)口香糖機(jī)問世，并開始銷售涂了糖衣的口香糖。以及文章的主要內(nèi)容是圍繞著泡泡糖的歷史展開，可知本文主要介紹泡泡糖的歷史。故選B。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

ItishardtosaythefirstdayofschoolintheUnitedStatesbecausewhenthefirstdayofschoolisandwhathappensonthefirstdayofschoolusuallyaredifferentbydistricts(地區(qū)).

ThefirstdayofschoolformanyschooldistrictsindifferentstatesisonthedayafterthefirstMondayinSeptember.Insomeotherschooldistricts,schoolbeginsinmid-to-lateAugust.Forexample,theDenver,Coloradoschoolsgobackinmid-AugustandschoolsinCleveland,OhiostartbackusuallyoneweekbeforethefirstMondayinSeptember.TheBoston,Chicago,NewYorkCityandSanDiegoschoolsstartbackontheTuesdayorWednesdayafterthefirstMondayinSeptember.

SchoolsinCleveland,OhiousedtostarttheschoolyearonthedayafterthefirstMondayinSeptember,butinthe1976-1977and1977-1978academicyears,theschoolyearwasaffectedbyseveralbadsnowstorms,extremecold.Inthe1978-1979schoolyear,theOhioDepartmentofEducationmovedthestartoftheyeartolateAugust,oneweekbeforethefirstMondayinSeptember.Thiswentintoeffectinthe1980-1981schoolyear.

InmostschooldistrictsinUtah,theschoolyearstartsbetweenAugust25andAugust30,andgoesuntilthelastweekofMayorthefirstweekinJunenextyear.

InAmericanhighschools,thefreshmenclassusuallygoesbackoneortwodaysbeforetherestoftheschoolbodyforanorientation(迎新)period.Anorientationperiodhelpsthefreshmengetfamiliarwiththeirnewschool,itsrules,andsurroundings.

Insomeschools,thefreshmenclasseshavetheirphotographstakenforidentificationpurposes.Somehighschoolshavetriedtomakethefirstweekofschoolfunforincomingfreshmen.（1）Accordingtothepassage,whichschoolsstarttheirschoolyeartheearliest?A.

SchoolsinDenver.

B.

SchoolsinCleveland.C.

SchoolsinNewYorkCity.

D.

SchoolsinBoston.（2）WhydidtheOhioDepartmentofEducationchangethestartoftheschoolyear?A.

Becauseofsomepoliticalevents.

B.

Becauseoftheentranceexaminations.C.

Becauseoftheincreasingnumberofstudents.

D.

Becauseoftheextremeweather.（3）HowmanymonthsdoestheschoolyearlastinschoolsinUtah?A.

Aboutsevenmonths.

B.

Abouteightmonths.C.

Aboutninemonths.

D.

Abouttenmonths.（4）Thearticleisprobablytakenfrom________.A.

abookaboutone'slifestory

B.

anofficialwebsiteofeducationC.

anadvertisementinanewspaper

D.

asportsmagazine【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，美國(guó)開學(xué)第一天的日期沒有明文規(guī)定，因地區(qū)而異。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的”Forexample,theDenver,Coloradoschoolsgobackinmid-AugustandschoolsinCleveland,…MondayinSeptember.“可知，丹佛的學(xué)校在八月中旬開學(xué),克里夫蘭的學(xué)校通常在9月的第一個(gè)星期一之前開始。波士頓，芝加哥，紐約和圣地亞哥的學(xué)校在9月的第一個(gè)星期一之后的周二或周三開始。綜上所述，丹佛的學(xué)校開學(xué)最早。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"butinthe1976-1977and1977-1978academicyears，theschoolyearwasaffectedbyseveralbadsnowstorms，extremecold"可知俄亥俄州的學(xué)校受到暴風(fēng)雪的影響，因而開學(xué)日發(fā)生了變化。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的”InmostschooldistrictsinUtah,theschoolyearstarts…nextyear.“可知猶太州學(xué)年從8月25日到8月30日開始，一直持續(xù)到5月的最后一周或明年6月的第一周，持續(xù)時(shí)間為九個(gè)月左右，故選C。（4）考查推理判斷?？v觀全文可知，本文介紹了美國(guó)學(xué)校開學(xué)第一天的日期的內(nèi)容，應(yīng)屬教育類，故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Stressisoneofthemostcommoncausesofhealthproblemsinmodernlife.Toomuchstressresultsinphysical,emotional,andmentalhealthproblems.

Therearenumerousphysicaleffectsofstress.Stresscanaffecttheheart.Itcanincreasethepulserate,maketheheartmissbeats,andcancausehighbloodpressure.Stresscanaffecttherespiratory(呼吸的)system.Itcanleadtoasthmaandcauseapersontobreathetoofast,resultinginalossofimportantcarbondioxide.Stresscanaffectthestomach.Itcancausestomachachesandproblemsofdigestingfood.Theseareonlyafewexamplesofthewiderangeofillnessesandsymptomsresultingfromstress.

Emotionsarealsoeasilyaffectedbystress.Peoplesufferingfromstressoftenfeelanxious.Theymayhavepanicattacksandfeeltiredallthetime.Whenpeopleareunderstress,theyoftenoverreacttolittleproblems.Forexample,anormallygentleparentunderalotofstressatworkmayyellatachildfordroppingaglassofjuice.Stresscanmakepeopleangry,moody,ornervous.

Long-termstresscanleadtoavarietyofseriousmentalillnesses.Depression,anextremefeelingofsadnessandhopelessness,canbetheresultofcontinuedandincreasingstress.Alcoholismandotheraddictionsoftendevelopasaresultofoveruseofalcoholordrugstotrytorelieve(釋放)stress.Ifstressisallowedtocontinue,thenone'smentalhealthisputatrisk.

Itisobviousthatstressisaseriousproblem.Itattacksthebody.Itaffectstheemotions.Untreated,itmayeventuallyresultinmentalillness.Stresshasagreatinfluenceonthehealth,ourfeelingsandourminds.So,reducestress:stoptheworldandrestforawhile.（1）Whatphysicaleffectsdoesstressresultin?A.Overreactingtolittleproblems.B.Makingbloodpressurelow.C.Sufferingfromdepression.D.Increasingthepulserate.（2）Whichonebelongstotheemotionalproblem?A.Alcoholabuse.B.Drugaddiction.C.MuchAnxiety.D.Heartbeatmissing.（3）Whatdoesthefourthparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Stresscausingmentalproblems.B.Stresscausingphysicalproblems.C.Stresscausingemotionalproblems.D.Stresscausingpanicattacks.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中，壓力是很多健康問題的原因之一。作者分析了壓力可能會(huì)給大家?guī)?lái)的身體方面的問題、情緒方面以及精神方面的問題。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Therearenumerousphysicaleffectsofstress.”壓力對(duì)身體有很多影響。可知，這一段主要將壓力對(duì)身體可能帶來(lái)的影響；以及“Itcanincreasethepulserate,maketheheartmissbeats,andcancausehighbloodpressure.”它能加速脈率，使心臟停止跳動(dòng)以及能造成高血壓，可知，加速脈率是壓力可能對(duì)身體造成的影響之一。故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Peoplesufferingfromstressoftenfeelanxious.”壓力大的人常常感到焦慮?？芍?，焦慮是壓力可能對(duì)人的情緒帶來(lái)的影響之一。所以焦慮屬于情感問題。故選C。（3）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第四段中的“Long-termstresscanleadtoavarietyofseriousmentalillnesses.”長(zhǎng)期壓力能帶來(lái)很多嚴(yán)重的精神疾病，可知，本段主要討論壓力可能帶來(lái)的精神問題。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇健康類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解

Howdoyouspendyourtime？Togetit,PaulT.Rankinaskedsixty-eightindividualstokeepanaccurate,detailedrecordofwhattheydideveryminuteoftheirwakinghours.Hediscoveredthat70percentoftheirwakingtimewasspentononethingonly-communication.PutthatevidencealongsidetheresearchfindingsuncoveredbytheHumanEngineeringLaboratories,theydiscoveredthat,vocabulary,morethananyotherfactoryet