模塊VUnit語法專題培訓公開課一等獎市優(yōu)質(zhì)課賽課獲獎課件

定語從句一、定語從句的引導詞考點關(guān)系詞指代范圍在從句中所作成分典句例示關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的判定who人主語、賓語(限制性定語從句可省略)Ishethemanwhowantstoseeyou？whom人賓語(限制性定語從句可省略)HeisthemanwhomIsawyesterday.whose(＝ofwhom＝ofwhich)人或物定語Doyouknowtheboywhosefatherisanengineer？Helivesinahousewhosewindows(thewindowsofwhich)facesouth.考點關(guān)系詞指代范圍在從句中所作成分典句例示關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的判定which物主語、賓語(限制性定語從句可省略)Aspecialschoolwhichwasbuiltlastyearisnearmyhome.Thepackage(which)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.that人或物主語、賓語(限制性定語從句可省略，不引導非限制性定語從句)Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Idon'tknowtheman(that)youmentioned.as人或物(在非限制性定語從句中也可指代整個句子)主語、賓語、表語Asweknow，smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.Iwanttoreadsuch/thesameabookasyouread.Heisnotthesamemanashewas.考點關(guān)系詞指代范圍在從句中所作成分典句例示關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的判定when(＝適當介詞＋which)時間時間狀語Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.where(＝適當介詞＋which)地點地點狀語Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.why(＝forwhich)原因原因狀語Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer？考點關(guān)系詞指代范圍在從句中所作成分典句例示關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的判定1.表示時間、地點、原因的先行詞作定語從句中謂語動詞的主語、賓語時，應用that或which，作賓語時，that/which也可省略。2.當先行詞是case，condition，situation，position，point，stage等名詞，表示情況、方面、處境時用關(guān)系副詞where。Idon'tbelievethereason(which/that)hewaslateforschoolfor.Idon'tbelievethereason(which/that)hegaveme.Hehadtofacetheconditionwherepressurewasheavy.當先行詞way意為“方式，方法”時，引導定語從句的關(guān)系詞有inwhich，that或不用任何關(guān)系詞這三種形式；way不作“方式，方法”解時，其定語從句的引導詞用that或which，引導詞在定語從句中作賓語時可以省略。Theway(that/inwhich)heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.(關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語，相當于inthis/thatway)Theway(that/which)heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.(關(guān)系代詞that/which在從句中作賓語)Theway(that/which)heshowedusleadstothesmallvillage.(way意為“道路”)【溫馨提示】1.如何選擇關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞方法一：用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動詞則用關(guān)系副詞。方法二：準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主語、賓語、狀語)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。2．定語從句中的謂語動詞與先行詞保持一致(1)oneof＋復數(shù)名詞＋關(guān)系代詞＋復數(shù)動詞(2)theonlyoneof＋復數(shù)名詞＋關(guān)系代詞＋單數(shù)動詞二、關(guān)系代詞的用法區(qū)別及“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”幾組關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別用that不用whichAllthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Pleasegetreadyforeverything(that)weneed.先行詞是all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none時ThisistheverybookthatI'mlookingfor.Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.先行詞被only，any，few，no，very，little等修飾時Thisisthebestmethodthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.先行詞是形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞或被形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞修飾時Theyoftentalkaboutthepeopleandthethingsthattheyareinterestedin.先行詞為人、物并用時Whichisthebikethatyoulost？當主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時Ourhometownisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.當先行詞在主句中作表語，而關(guān)系代詞也在從句中作表語時典句例示用法點擊幾組關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別thesame...as與thesame...thatSheworethesamedressasheryoungersisterwore.SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary'swedding.thesame...as...表示相似的東西thesame...that...表示同一人或物such/so...as與such/so...thatThisissuchaneasyquestionasIcananswer.ThisissuchaneasyquestionthatIcananswerit.such/so...as(定語從句)像……那樣such/so...that(狀語從句)如此……以至于as與whichAvatarisaverysuccessfulfilm，asisknowntoall.Asweallknow，TaiwanbelongstoChina.Thesportsmeetingwasputoff，whichastonishedus.as引導的非限制性定語從句既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有時還可插入主句中；which引導的非限制性定語從句通常放在主句之后。as意為“正如……”，后面的謂語動詞多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report等。典句例示用法點擊介詞＋關(guān)系代詞Pleasepassmethebook，thecoverofwhichisblue.名(代)詞＋介詞＋關(guān)系代詞(一般作主語)Hehastencousins，threeofwhomareclever.Hehastencousins，theyoungestofwhomisclever.數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級＋of＋關(guān)系代詞(一般作主語)Thisisthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.介詞＋關(guān)系代詞(一般作狀語)Jackwasafamousdoctor，withthehelpofwhomtheysucceededinanoperation.介詞短語＋關(guān)系代詞(一般作狀語)Shesufferedfromillness，inwhichcaseherhusbandhadtostayhome.介詞＋which＋名詞(一般在句中作狀語)Heisthemanfromwhosehousethepictureswerestolen.介詞＋whose＋名詞(一般作狀語)Hehidhimselfbehindthedoor，fromwherehesawwhatwashappening.(fromwhere＝frombehindthedoor)fromwhere為“介詞＋關(guān)系副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，但也可以引導定語從句，“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”中的介詞可根據(jù)先行詞或定語從句中的動詞短語進行判斷。典句例示用法點擊特殊定語從句Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvitedtotheimportantball.分裂式定語從句(先行詞與關(guān)系代(副)詞分隔)Hemadeanothergreatdiscovery，whichIthinkisveryimportanttoscience.插入式定語從句(關(guān)系代詞與從句中插入一個句子)IintendtomakefriendswithaFrenchmanfromwhomtoimprovemyFrench.省略式定語從句(介詞＋關(guān)系代詞＋不定式)1．(2010·全國I卷)Asachild，Jackstudiedinavillageschool，________isnamedafterhisgrandfather.A．whichB．whereC．what D．that【解析】句意：小時候，杰克在一所鄉(xiāng)村學校讀書，那所學校是以他祖父的名字命名的。先行詞是avillageschool，代入定語從句后為“Thevillageschoolisnamedafterhisgrandfather.”，由此可見先行詞在定語從句中作主語，且該從句為非限制性定語從句，故用which引導?！敬鸢浮緼2．(2010·山東高考)That'sthenewmachine________partsaretoosmalltobeseen.A．that B．whichC．whose D．what【解析】句意：那就是那臺零部件小得看不見的新機器。分析句子成分可知空格后部分是定語從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語，因而使用whose?！敬鸢浮緾3．(2010·上海高考)Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy________wemayreturninthenearfuture.A．onwhich B．bywhichC．towhich D．fromwhich【解析】句意：風力是很古老的一種能源，不久的將來我們也許會再利用它。returnto“重新利用”，屬于固定搭配，故排除含有介詞on，by和from的A、B、D項。【答案】C4．(2010·北京高考)Childrenwhoarenotactiveor________dietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.A．what B．whoseC．which D．that【解析】句意：一些不是很活躍，或者他們的飲食中脂肪含量太高的孩子會很快長胖。先行詞為children，or連接兩個并列的定語從句，第一個定語從句的引導詞為who，第二個引導詞為考查點，先行詞children在第二個定語從句中與從句中的主語diet形成所屬關(guān)系：children'sdiet，故選B項。【答案】B5．(2010·陜西高考)Theoldtemple________roofwasdamagedinastormisnowunderrepair.A．where B．whichC．its D．whose【解析】句意：那座在暴風雨中屋頂受損的古廟現(xiàn)在正在修復當中。此句先行詞是theoldtemple，代入定語從句后為：Theoldtemple'sroofwasdamagedinastorm.由此可知先行詞在定語從句中作定語，故用關(guān)系代詞whose引導。【答案】D6．(2010·江西高考)Thegirlarrangedtohavepianolessonsatthetrainingcentrewithhersister________shewouldstayforanhour.A．where B．whoC．which D．what【解析】句意：這個女孩準備在培訓中心和她姐姐一起上鋼琴課，在那里她將待一小時。先行詞為thetrainingcentre，從句中缺少地點狀語，故選where?！敬鸢浮緼7．(2010·福建高考)StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet________lifehasdevelopedgradually.A．that B．whereC．which D．whose【解析】句意：史蒂芬·霍金認為，地球可能不是唯一有生命進化的行星。where在此引導定語從句，在從句中作狀語，相當于ontheplanet?！敬鸢浮緽8．(2010·浙江高考)Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people，manyof________lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.A．whom B．whichC．them D．those【解析】句意：近千人在這一個小社區(qū)居住，他們當中很多都是從農(nóng)村老家來城市尋求更好的日子的。先行詞為1,000people，代入定語從句為manyof1,000peoplelefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞of的賓語且指人，故用whom?！敬鸢浮緼9．(2010·重慶高考)InChina，thenumberofcitiesisincreasing________developmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld.A．where B．whichC．whose D．that【解析】句意：在中國，城市的數(shù)量在快速地增加，其發(fā)展被世界所公認。先行詞為cities，代入定語從句后為：Thecities'developmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld.由此可見，先行詞在定語從句中作定語，故用whose?！敬鸢浮緾10．(2010·江蘇高考)Thenewly-builtcafe，thewallsof________arepaintedlightgreen，isreallyapeacefulplaceforus，especiallyafterhardwork.A．that B．itC．what D．which【解析】句意：這家新建的墻體被涂成淺綠色的咖啡廳對我們而言確實是個安靜場所，尤其是在辛苦工作之后。先行詞為thenewly-builtcafe，代入定語從句為thewallsofthenewly-builtcafearepaintedlightgreen，因為關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞的賓語且指物，故用which。【答案】D11．(2010·湖南高考)I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool________ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.A．who B．whereC．when D．which【解析】句意：我已經(jīng)成為去年在英語演講比賽中所遇到的我校幾位學生的好朋友。先行詞為severalofthestudents，代入定語從句后為：ImetseveralofthestudentsintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.由此可見先行詞在定語從句中作賓語，先行詞指人，故用who/whom/that引導?！敬鸢浮緼12．(2010·全國Ⅱ卷)Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething____