四川省成都附屬實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)2019-2020高二英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期期末模擬試題（一）（含解析）

四川省成都附屬實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)2019-2020學(xué)年高二英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期期末模擬試題（一）（含解析）本試卷分第1卷（選擇題）和第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）。共150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答第1卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。不能答在本試卷上，否則無(wú)效。第I卷（選擇題共100分）第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話，每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題。從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthemanwantarobotfor?A.Lookingafterhisyoungerbrother.B.Helpinghismotherwithhousework.C.Playingwithhiminhisfreetime.2.Whohasarobot?A.Theman.B.Theman'ssister.C.Thewoman'ssister.3.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman?A.Sheiscarelesswithmoney.B.Shehasgoodtasteinclothing.C.Sheisabletomakemoney.4.Whatdoesthemanwishtherobotcoulddo?A.Sing.B.Dance.C.Playchess.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Theman'smistake.B.Theman'sbehavior.C.Theman'sjobinterview.第二節(jié)(共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatisthewoman?AAnurse.B.Adentist.C.Aresearcher.7.WhatdoesthewomanthinkoftherobotHanako?A.Expensive.B.SpecialC.Helpless.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatdoesthewomando?A.Astudent.B.Ateacher.C.Adoctor.9.Whatarethekidsinthespeakers'classlike?A.Active.B.Rude.C.Shy.10.Whydoesthewomanhavetoleave?A.Herkidneedstobetakencareof.B.Shehasanotherjobinahospital.C.Herparentsareinpoorhealth.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Athome.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inadepartmentstore.12.Whomadetherobot?A.Ayoungteacher.B.AGermanengineer.C.Anoldcook.13.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Buyhermotherarobotcook.B.TakeacookingcourseinBeijing.C.Holdabirthdayparty.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Howlonghasthemanbeenworkinginthezoo?A.For25years.B.For20years.C.For15years.15.Nowdoesthemandescribehiswork?A.Hard.B.Well-paid.C.Interesting.16.Whendoesthezoocloseinwinter?A.At4:30pm.B.At5:30pm.C.At6:30pm.17.Whatdoesthemandointhezoo?A.Heclearsoutcages.B.Hefeedstheanimals.C.Hedoesthemanagementwork.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WheredidJoellive?A.InBell.B.InMontebello.C.InLosAngeles.19.HowlongdidittakeJoeltopasshiswrittentest?A.Sixdays.B.Amonth.C.Sixweeks.20.HowdidJoellearntodriveintheend?A.Hisuncletaughthim.B.Hiscousintaughthim.C.Hetaughthimself.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ASummerBoardingCoursesSummerBoardingCourses(SBC)isanaward-winningUKsummerschoolproviderforinternationalstudentsaged11-17.Pleasejointhestudentsfromover100countries.SBCCanfordSummerSchool(Ages11-15)islocatedatCanfordSchool,TatlerSchoolAwardsPublicSchooloftheYear2019.ItiswithineasyreachofthecoastaltownofBournemouthandisoneofthemostpopularUKdestinationsforEnglishlanguagelearningoutsideofLondon.Dates:Monday6July-Monday10August2020namsttTeachingHours:15HoursPerWeekCourses:GeneralEnglish,EnglishLiterature,IntroductiontoBusinessHeadingtonOxfordSummerSchool(Ages13-16)islocatedinthebeautifulcityofOxfordjusta30-minutewalkfromthecitycentre.Itprovidesstudentswithawonderfulsettinginwhichtostudyandmeetotherstudentsfromaroundtheworld.Dates:Saturday4thJuly-Saturday18thJuly2020TeachingHours:20HoursPerWeekCourses:GeneralEnglish,SummerStudy,GlobalYoungLeadersSBCatEtonCollege(Ages11-16),only34kilometersfromLondon,providesstudentswiththeopportunitytostudyatoneoftheworld’smostfamousschools.Foundedin1440byKingHenryVI,EtonCollegehaseducated20BritishPrimeMinistersaswellasmanyauthors,scientists,actorsandexplorers.Dates:Monday13July-Monday24August2020TeachingHours:15HoursPerWeekCourses:GeneralEnglish,Mathematics,STEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,Maths)OxfordCollegeSummerSchool(Ages15-17)givesstudentsthechancetoexperiencetheverybestofwhatOxfordhastooffer.StudentsliveandstudyinthefamousuniversitycityofOxford.Forover800yearsithasbeenhometotheleadingacademicmindsinscientificandculturalstudies.Dates:Monday6July-Monday17August2020/TeachingHours:15HoursPerWeekCourses:Business&Leadership,Engineering,Medicine1.Whichschooldoesn’tprovideGeneralEnglish?A.SBCCanfordSummerSchool.B.HeadingtonOxfordSummerSchool.C.SBCatEtonCollege.D.OxfordCollegeSummerSchool.2.WhatmakesSBCatEtonCollegedifferentfromtheothers?A.Ithasproducedmanyheadsofgovernment.B.Ithaseducatedsomeleadingacademicminds.C.Ithasinvitedauthorsandscientistsaseducators.D.IthasbecomeawinnerofTatlerSchoolAwards.3.WhichagerangeisHeadingtonOxfordSummerSchoolfor?A.Ages11-15.B.Ages13-16.C.Ages11-16.D.Ages15-17.【答案】1.D2.A3.B【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了英國(guó)四所提供暑期寄宿課程的學(xué)校?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從四所學(xué)校提供的“Courses”信息可知，第四所學(xué)校OxfordCollegeSummerSchool的課程設(shè)置里沒有GeneralEnglish這一門課。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。對(duì)SBCatEtonCollege的介紹“EtonCollegehaseducated20BritishPrimeMinistersaswellasmanyauthors,scientists,actorsandexplorers.”從這句話可知，這所大學(xué)不僅教出了許多作家，演員和探險(xiǎn)家，還教出了20位英國(guó)首相，這與A選項(xiàng)里“manyheadsofgovernment”的表述一致。而其他學(xué)校沒有這一特點(diǎn)。故選A項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。對(duì)HeadingtonOxfordSummerSchool介紹的(Ages13-16)可知，這所學(xué)校適合的年齡是13歲到16歲，故選B項(xiàng)。BDNAanalysishasrevealedfamilyrelationshipsbetweenmorethan10generationsofStoneAgepeopleatmegalithic(巨石的)tombsinIrelandandSweden.Theevidencesuggeststhatmegaliths,prehistoriclargestonestructures,sometimesactedasgravesforfamilygroupsinnorthwesternEuropethousandsofyearsago.Thelatestfindingsthrownewlightontheoriginsandsocialstructureofthegroupsthatbuiltmegalithsinthisregion—ahistorythathaslongbeenhiddeninmystery.Fortheirstudy,theinternationalteamofresearchersanalyzedthegenomes—thecompletesetofgeneticmaterialinacell—of24StoneAgeindividualsfromfivemegalithicburialsitesinIreland,ScotlandandGotland,alargeSwedishislandintheBalticSea.Thisanalysisshowedthatmanyoftheindividualsburiedateachmegalith,whoalllivedbetween3,800B.C.and2,600B.C.,accordingtoradiocarbon-datingoftheirremains,werecloselyrelatedviafamilyties.TheresultsalsoshowedthattheindividualsburiedatthemegalithswererelatedtoNeolithicfarmersinnorthernandwesternEuropebutgeneticallydistinctfromotherhunter-gatherers.ThiswasparticularlynoticeableattheAnsarvesiteontheislandofGotland.“ThepeopleburiedintheAnsarvetombareremarkablydifferentonageneticlevelcomparedtotheindividualsdugoutfromhunter-gathercontexts,showingthattheburialtraditioninthismegalithictomb,whichlastedforover700years,wasperformedbydistinctgroupswithrootsintheEuropeanNeolithicexpansion,”MagdalenaFraser,co-firstauthorfromUppsalaUniversity,saidinthestatement.4.What’sthesignificanceofthenewfindings?A.ItrevealsthefamilytiesbetweenpeopleinIrelandandSweden.B.Itimpliesthatmanypeopleburiedinthetombswerecloselyrelated.C.Itindicatesthelong-hiddenmysteryconcerningDNAanalysis.D.Itsuggeststhatthemegalithsbecametombsthousandsofyearsago.5.Howdidtheresearchersreachtheirfindings?A.Byinterviewingindividuals. B.Bytravellingtodifferentregions.C.Byanalyzinggenes. D.Bystudyingtheburialsites.6.Whichistrueaccordingtothelatestfindings?A.Somepeopleburiedinthetombswererelatedtofarmers.B.Fewpeopleburiedinthetombsweregeneticallydifferent.C.Allthepeopleburiedatmegalithshadfamilyrelationships.D.PeopleburiedintheAnsarvetombweredugout700yearslater.7.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A.Megalithsservedastombsthousandsofyearsago.B.Peopleburiedatthemegalithswererecentlyanalyzed.C.Latestfindingsshedlightonamysteryaboutburials.D.Stone-AgepeopleinIrelandandSwedenhadcloseties.【答案】4.B5.C6.A7.D【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。最新一項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)顯示石器時(shí)代的愛爾蘭人和瑞典人可能存在親屬關(guān)系。研究人員通過(guò)分析來(lái)自愛爾蘭、蘇格蘭和位于波羅的海的瑞典格特蘭島的5個(gè)巨石墓葬遺址的24個(gè)石器時(shí)代個(gè)體的基因組。發(fā)現(xiàn)，每座巨石下埋葬著許多人，他們都生活在公元前3800年至公元前2600年之間根據(jù)他們遺體的放射性碳年代測(cè)定，他們的血緣關(guān)系非常密切。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段DNAanalysishasrevealedfamilyrelationshipsbetweenmorethan10generationsofStoneAgepeopleatmegalithic(巨石的)tombsinIrelandandSweden.可知DNA分析揭示了愛爾蘭和瑞典巨石墓群10多代人之間存在家庭關(guān)系。這項(xiàng)新發(fā)現(xiàn)意味著埋葬在墳?zāi)估锏脑S多人是近親。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第三段第一句Fortheirstudy,theinternationalteamofresearchersanalyzedthegenomes可知研究人員是通過(guò)分析基因組得出這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)的，故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第五段第一句TheresultsalsoshowedthattheindividualsburiedatthemegalithswererelatedtoNeolithicfarmersinnorthernandwesternEurope可知埋葬在巨石陣中的人與北歐和西歐的新石器時(shí)代農(nóng)民有關(guān)，故選A。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段DNAanalysishasrevealedfamilyrelationshipsbetweenmorethan10generationsofStoneAgepeopleatmegalithic(巨石的)tombsinIrelandandSweden.以及文章主要內(nèi)容可知文章中心內(nèi)容主要圍繞著石器時(shí)代的愛爾蘭人和瑞典人有密切聯(lián)系展開。故選D。CUltrasound（超聲）isusedwidelyinmedicalimaging,butinrecentyearsscientistshavestarteddevelopingitforanotheruse:stimulatingnervestotreatdisease.Intwonewstudiesinmice,researchersfocusedthesoundwavesonnervesinthespleen（脾）thatcommunicatewiththeimmunesystem,reducingsymptoms.Iftheapproachprovessafeandeffectiveinpeople,itcouldserveasatreatmentfordiseasessuchasarthritis（關(guān)節(jié)炎）.Inonestudy,ledbyscientistsattheFeisteinInstituteandGEResearch,micereceivingafewminutesofultrasoundtreatmenttothespleennervehadadiminishedsymptomstoaninjected（注射）poison.Inanotherstudy,researchersattheUniversityofMinnesotaandtheircolleaguesreducessymptomsofarthritisinmicebystimulatingtheirspleennervesfor20minuteseverydayforaweek.“Zeroinginonthespleenmayprovideamorepreciseapproachthanfocusingonthevagusnerve（交感神經(jīng)）,whichconnectswiththeimmunesystemviaasecondnervethatstimulatesthespleen.”saysHubertLin,leadauthorofthelatterstudy.“Whenwe’retargetingthespleenwehavelessofaneffectalloverthebody.”“Littleisknownabouthowrepeatedultrasoundaffectsthespleenorwhetherithasotherharmfuleffects,”saysneuroscientistDeniseBellingerofLomaLindaUniversity,whowasnotinvolvedineitherstudy.Anongoingclinicaltrialaimstoassessthetreatment’ssafetyinhumanswitharthritis.Abiggerunknownishowultrasoundactivatesingeneral.Scientistsarenowexploringtheuseofultrasoundonotherpartsofthenervoussystem,includingthebrain.“Weknowhowtocontrolnerveswithelectricity,andwe’vebeendoingitformorethan100years,”neuroscientistKevinTraceysays,“Buttheideaofcontrollingnervesignalswithultrasoundisabrand-newfield.”8.Whatdoscientistsexpectofthenewapplicationofultrasound?A.It'llbeappliedinmedicalimagingB.It'llbeusedtoactivatenervestotreatdisease.C.It’llbeappliedinspleentransplantation.D.It'llbeemployedtorebuildimmunesystem.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminished"inparagraph2mean?A.Complicated. B.Worsened.C.Decreased. D.Associated.10.WhatistheconcernofDeniseBellinger?A.Sideeffect. B.Timelength.C.Theprocedure. D.Thecost.11.Whatismostlikelythenextstepofthestudy?A.Assessingthetreatment'ssafetyonhumans.B.Activatingnervesingeneralwithultrasound.C.Exploringtheuseofultrasoundonthebrain.D.Controllingnervesignalswithultrasound.【答案】8.B9.C10.A11.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了科學(xué)家們研究用超聲波刺激神經(jīng)來(lái)治療關(guān)節(jié)炎等疾病?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Ultrasound（超聲）isusedwidelyinmedicalimaging,butinrecentyearsscientistshavestarteddevelopingitforanotheruse:stimulatingnervestotreatdisease.”可知，超聲波在醫(yī)學(xué)成像中有著廣泛的應(yīng)用，但近年來(lái)科學(xué)家們開始將其用于另一個(gè)用途：刺激神經(jīng)來(lái)治療疾病，也就是說(shuō)科學(xué)家們期望用超聲波刺激神經(jīng)來(lái)治療疾病，故B項(xiàng)正確。【9題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Intwonewstudiesinmice,researchersfocusedthesoundwavesonnervesinthespleen（脾）thatcommunicatewiththeimmunesystem,reducingsymptoms.”可知，在兩項(xiàng)針對(duì)小白鼠的新研究中，研究人員將聲波聚焦在脾臟與免疫系統(tǒng)溝通的神經(jīng)上，從而減輕癥狀，再結(jié)合畫線詞后的“Inanotherstudy,researchersattheUniversityofMinnesotaandtheircolleaguesreducessymptomsofarthritisinmicebystimulatingtheirspleennervesfor20minuteseverydayforaweek.”可知，在另一項(xiàng)研究中，明尼蘇達(dá)大學(xué)的研究人員和他們的同事通過(guò)一周內(nèi)每天刺激小白鼠的脾臟神經(jīng)20分鐘來(lái)減輕關(guān)節(jié)炎的癥狀，因此畫線詞詞義與“reduces”相近，此處是說(shuō)在一項(xiàng)研究中，接受幾分鐘脾臟神經(jīng)超聲波治療的小白鼠的癥狀有所減輕，由此可知畫線詞詞義為“減輕”，故C項(xiàng)正確。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的““Littleisknownabouthowrepeatedultrasoundaffectsthespleenorwhetherithasotherharmfuleffects,”saysneuroscientistDeniseBellingerofLomaLindaUniversity”可知，洛馬琳達(dá)大學(xué)的神經(jīng)科學(xué)家丹尼斯·貝林格說(shuō)：“對(duì)于重復(fù)超聲波如何影響脾臟，或者它是否有其他有害影響，我們知之甚少”，由此可知，丹尼斯·貝林格擔(dān)心的是這種治療方法的副作用，故A項(xiàng)正確、【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的““neuroscientistKevinTraceysays,“Buttheideaofcontrollingnervesignalswithultrasoundisabrand-newfield.””可知，神經(jīng)科學(xué)家凱文·特雷西說(shuō)，“但是用超聲波控制神經(jīng)信號(hào)的想法是一個(gè)全新的領(lǐng)域”，由此可知，科學(xué)家們下一步可能會(huì)研究用超聲波來(lái)控制神經(jīng)信號(hào)，故D項(xiàng)正確?！军c(diǎn)睛】本篇第2題詞義猜測(cè)題的難度較大，抓住研究人員的研究方法是關(guān)鍵，根據(jù)第一段中的“Intwonewstudiesinmice,researchersfocusedthesoundwavesonnervesinthespleen（脾）thatcommunicatewiththeimmunesystem,reducingsymptoms.”可知，在兩項(xiàng)針對(duì)小白鼠的新研究中，研究人員將聲波聚焦在脾臟與免疫系統(tǒng)溝通的神經(jīng)上，從而減輕癥狀，再結(jié)合畫線詞后的“Inanotherstudy,researchersattheUniversityofMinnesotaandtheircolleaguesreducessymptomsofarthritisinmicebystimulatingtheirspleennervesfor20minuteseverydayforaweek.”可知，在另一項(xiàng)研究中，明尼蘇達(dá)大學(xué)的研究人員和他們的同事通過(guò)一周內(nèi)每天刺激小白鼠的脾臟神經(jīng)20分鐘來(lái)減輕關(guān)節(jié)炎的癥狀，因此畫線詞詞義與“reduces”相近，此處是說(shuō)在一項(xiàng)研究中，接受幾分鐘脾臟神經(jīng)超聲波治療的小白鼠的癥狀有所減輕，由此可知畫線詞詞義為“減輕”，故C項(xiàng)正確。DWhenyoudrinkaglassofwaterortakeashower,thinkofglaciers.Why?Glacierscontainatleast75percentofEarth’sfreshwater－muchmorethanallourplanet’slakesandriverscombined.Glaciersgrowbyaddinganewlayerofsnoweachyear.It’seasyforscientiststoseetheannuallayersinanicecorebylightingitfrombeneath.Theycanthencountthelayerstodeterminetheageofanysection…muchlikeyoucancounttreeringstodetermineatree’sage.Glaciersformbytheaccumulation,pressandrecrystallizationofsnow.Itrequiresveryspecificconditionsofclimateandgeography,whichmeansthattheyarefoundinorhighmountainregionswheresnowfallisheavyinwinter,temperaturesstaybelowfreezingforlongperiods,andsummersarecool.“Hot”ice!Isthatpossible?Actually,iceisoneofthehottestsolidsinexistence,foritisunsteadyandeasytomeltwhenheated.Glaciersarealwaysmoving,butbecauseiceishot,theylikeliquidsratherthansolids.Theyslideoverthegroundonmelt-water,averythinlayerofwaterfrommeltedice,and“creep”whentheiricylayersglideoveroneanotherbecauseoftheirweight.Differentpartsofthesameglacierslideorcreepatdifferentspeeds.Thecentermovesmorerapidlythanthesides;thesurfacemovesmorerapidlythanthebottom,becausethesidesandbottomarerestrictedbyfriction.Mostglaciersmoveseveralfeetperyear,whileothers“race”afewmiles.Unfortunately,glaciersareshrinkingthroughouttheworld.Meltingglacierswillraisesealevels,forcingpeopletomovefromlow-lyingareas.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph3?A.Thechangeofglaciers. B.Thepressofglaciers.C.Theaccumulationofglaciers. D.Theformingofglaciers.13.Whydowesaytheiceis“hot”?A.Becauseitkeepsslidingorcreeping. B.Becauseitisclosetoitsmeltingpoint.C.Becauseitabsorbstoomuchsunshine. D.Becausethesurroundingtemperatureislow.14.Whatishappeningtoglaciers?A.Theyarespreading. B.Theyaredisappearing.C.Theyarerising. D.Theyareracing.15.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.TheHistoryofGlaciers. B.TheDevelopmentofGlaciers.C.TheSecretsaboutGlaciers. D.TheDangerGlaciersarefacing.【答案】12.D13.B14.B15.C【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了關(guān)于冰川的知識(shí)，冰川包含了地球上至少75%的淡水——比我們地球上所有的湖泊和河流加起來(lái)還要多。介紹了如何計(jì)算冰層的年齡以及冰川是如何形成的等相關(guān)知識(shí)?！?2題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文Glaciersformbytheaccumulation,pressandrecrystallizationofsnow.可知冰川是由雪的堆積、擠壓和再結(jié)晶形成的。即冰川的行程需要非常特殊的氣候和地理?xiàng)l件，這意味著它們生長(zhǎng)在冬季降雪多、氣溫長(zhǎng)時(shí)間低于冰點(diǎn)、夏季涼爽的高山地區(qū)。由此可知，it指代“冰川的形成”。故選D。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中Actually,iceisoneofthehottestsolidsinexistence,foritisunsteadyandeasytomeltwhenheated.Glaciersarealwaysmoving,butbecauseiceishot,theylikeliquidsratherthansolids.可知其實(shí)，冰是最熱的固體之一，因?yàn)樗环€(wěn)定，受熱后容易融化。冰川總是在移動(dòng)，但因?yàn)楸菬岬?，所以它們喜歡液體而不是固體。由此可推知，我們說(shuō)冰是熱的，是因?yàn)楸咏娜埸c(diǎn)。故選B?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Unfortunately,glaciersareshrinkingthroughouttheworld.Meltingglacierswillraisesealevels,forcingpeopletomovefromlow-lyingareas.可知不幸的是，全世界的冰川正在縮小。冰川融化將使海平面上升，迫使人們從低洼地區(qū)遷移。由此可知，冰川正在消失。故選B?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段Whenyoudrinkaglassofwaterortakeashower,thinkofglaciers.Why?Glacierscontainatleast75percentofEarth’sfreshwater－muchmorethanallourplanet’slakesandriverscombined.可知當(dāng)你喝一杯水或洗澡時(shí)，想想冰川。為什么？冰川包含了地球上至少75%的淡水——比我們地球上所有的湖泊和河流加起來(lái)還要多。結(jié)合文章主要介紹了關(guān)于冰川的知識(shí)，介紹了如何計(jì)算冰層的年齡以及冰川是如何形成的等相關(guān)知識(shí)。由此可知，C選項(xiàng)“冰川的秘密”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Eachsummer,CraigStihlerandJackWallace,scientistsforthestateofWestVirginiahiketoPeacockCavetocountVirginiabig-earedbats.___16___.Theywanttoseeifthenumberofbatsisgoingupordown.Iwastheretolearnaboutthebatsformybook.AfterwearrivedatthesmallentrancetoPeacockCave,CraigandJackunpackedtheirequipment.Cralesaid,“___17___.Hibernating(冬眠)batsmaybeawakenedandflyaroundandburnupthefatthey'vestoredintheirbodies.Withoutthatfoodsupply,theymightnotliveuntilspringwhentheycaneatinsectsagain.Andbatmothersmaydroptheirbabies.“Asnightsettledin，theysetupanight-visionscope(觀察儀器）.___18___.Theyalsosetuparadio-likebatdetectoroutsidethecave.Itpicksupbatsoundsthatourearscan’thear.Forthenexttwohours,Craigcountedthebatsbyspeakingintoahandheldvoicerecordereachtimefivebatsflewoutofthecave.Bythetimethelastbatleftthecaveatabout10:30p.m.,CraigandJackhadcounted1,242bats!___19___.CraigexplainedthatwhenthefirstcountwastakenatPeacockCavein1983,therewereonly160Virginiabig-earedbats.Projectstohelpprotectbatshavehelpedthebatsmakearemarkablecomeback.TodaythetotalnumberofVirginiabig-earedbatstherearemorethan25,000.___20___.Theywillcontinuetoneedhuman’shelpiftheyaregoingtosurviveintothefuture.A.Whydotheydoso?B.Itallowsthemtoseethebatsindarkness.C.Virginiabig-earedbatsaremedium-sized.D.Batsareimportantbecausetheyeatinsects.E.Theywanttocatchsomebatsfortheirresearch.F.Batslivingincavescansufferifdisturbedbypeople.G.ThatwasthemostCraigandJackhadevercountedthere.【答案】16.A17.F18.B19.G20.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者跟隨科研人員去山洞里統(tǒng)計(jì)一種蝙蝠的數(shù)量，了解到近年來(lái)由于受到人類的保護(hù)蝙蝠的數(shù)量有所回升?！?6題詳解】空白前句指明了科學(xué)家們每年夏天會(huì)去統(tǒng)計(jì)蝙蝠的數(shù)量，后句則交代了這樣做的意圖，A選項(xiàng)“他們?yōu)槭裁匆@么做呢？”承上啟下，語(yǔ)義通順。故選A項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】空白處是Crale準(zhǔn)備進(jìn)洞穴進(jìn)行觀測(cè)之前說(shuō)的一句話，下文繼續(xù)說(shuō)明如果蝙蝠冬眠被吵醒可能導(dǎo)致的一些不良后果，也就是在提醒最好不要打攪、驚擾蝙蝠，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“住在洞穴里的蝙蝠如果被人打攪會(huì)遭受不好的結(jié)果”符合文意。故選F項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】空白前句指出科研人員架設(shè)了夜視的觀察儀器，B選項(xiàng)“這使得他們能在黑暗中看到蝙蝠”解釋了儀器的作用，符合文意。與接下來(lái)兩句的行文結(jié)構(gòu)是一致的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】空白前句用感嘆號(hào)強(qiáng)調(diào)了觀察到的蝙蝠數(shù)量之多，后句也在解釋蝙蝠數(shù)量在人們的幫助下逐漸回升。G選項(xiàng)“這是Craig和Jack在那里統(tǒng)計(jì)過(guò)蝙蝠數(shù)量最多的一次”上下連貫，符合文意。故選G項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】空白處置于最后一段末尾，后句表明只有在人類的幫助下蝙蝠才能繼續(xù)存活，這里they就指代蝙蝠，而D選項(xiàng)“蝙蝠吃昆蟲所以它們很重要”就以蝙蝠為主語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)其重要性，邏輯和結(jié)構(gòu)上都符合要求。故選D項(xiàng)?！军c(diǎn)睛】七選五題型主要考查考生對(duì)文章的整體理解和掌握情況，相當(dāng)于閱讀理解和完形填空的綜合。它不僅需要閱讀速度，還要對(duì)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)、主旨、寫作意圖、觀點(diǎn)都有所了解。主要考點(diǎn)包括：1.考查主題句，也就是考查對(duì)文章整體內(nèi)容的概括能力；2考查上下文銜接，即考查文章的過(guò)渡部分；3考查中心句，需要考生學(xué)會(huì)歸納段落大意。拿到題目時(shí)，應(yīng)該先確定出題位置；讀題干，再讀需要填入句子的上下句，畫出關(guān)鍵詞；讀文章各段落，確定段落中心句和文章主題句；通讀文章確定上下句和選項(xiàng)之間的邏輯關(guān)系。針對(duì)不同設(shè)空位置選擇不同的策略就能事半功倍。第3小題就是一個(gè)典型例子，前句+空白處的句子的結(jié)構(gòu)與接下來(lái)的兩句話結(jié)構(gòu)是完全一致的（因其句中有also一詞），先描述現(xiàn)象再解釋原因，據(jù)此就可以推斷出正確答案。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。2-year-oldTruettPalmerwasborninMissouri,withageneticdisorderandaninborn(先天的)____21____disease.Hehas____22____frommorethanadozensurgeries,includingthreeopenheartsurgeriesandahearttransplant.OnethingTruett____23____duringhismostrecenthospitalstaywasweeklyvisitsfromatherapydognamedZuri.ThedogwasaGoldendoodlewithcurlyhairanditwasjustkindof____24____.Truetthassensoryissuesandhe____25____anyonetouchinghisfeet,butwithZuri,hewouldjustrunhisfeetthroughherfur.WhenTruettwaswithZuri,itseemedtheworlddidn't____26____.AfterTruettleftthehospital,hismomDaniellebegan____27____gettingaGoldendooleforhim,butfoundthebreed(品種)especially____28____.“Financially,goingthroughatransplantandhospitalstay,itwasn’tgoingtoworkoutinour____29____,”shesaid.Danielle______30______Truett’sstoryanddreamonFacebook,hopingtherewouldbeamiracle.InSeattle,Gray,anursingstudent,livedaloneonseveralacressurroundedonlybyherdogs.OneofGray’sbeloveddogjusthadpuppiesandshe’dloveto______31______onechildwithspecialneedsa(n)______32______friendintimeforChristmas.Whenshe______33______Truett’sstory,sheknewhewouldbethenew______34______ofthepuppy.“He’sgot______35______morethanIcouldpossiblyimagine.Seeinghowstrongheisandhowpositivehisfamilyisaboutthatall,Iamdeeplymoved.”Graysaid.Followinga(n)______36______effortbyGrayandthePalmerfamilytotransportZeda______37______statelines,theGoldendoodlepuppywasinTruett'sarmsjustintimeforChristmasmorning.“Hewassoexcited,”Daniellesaid.“Youcouldjustseethe______38______onhisfacethemomentshe’splacedonhislap.He’sjustsohappyand______39______herhisbaby.They’rejustbestfriends.”Truettisnowontheroadtogoodhealthand______40______tohistransplantedheartwell.Daniellesaysshehopestheirstorywillencourageotherstoconsiderorgandonation.21.A.lung B.heart C.kidney D.eye22.A.experienced B.undergone C.resulted D.suffered23.A.tookpartin B.turneddown C.lookforwardto D.dealtwith24.A.different B.patient C.gentle D.helpful25.A.dislikes B.enjoys C.disapproves D.keeps26.A.appear B.exist C.change D.stop27.A.planning B.arranging C.considering D.permitting28.A.expensive B.affordable C.economic D.modest29.A.schedule B.hospital C.background D.budget30.A.reported B.focused C.posted D.found31.A.gift B.sell C.buy D.meet32.A.novel B.furry C.old D.certain33.A.tookdown B.lookedfor C.comparedwith D.cameacross34.A.shelter B.guide C.owner D.employee35.A.along B.through C.away D.down36.A.worried B.accepted C.thrilled D.combined37.A.on B.beneath C.into D.across38.A.shock B.disgust C.joy D.sorrow39.A.told B.called C.explained D.claimed40.A.adjusting B.devoting C.referring D.using【答案】21.B22.D23.C24.A25.A26.B27.C28.A29.D30.C31.A32.B33.D34.C35.B36.D37.D38.C39.B40.A【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了兩歲的孩子TruettPalmer在心臟移植手術(shù)治療的過(guò)程中，十分喜歡治療犬Zuri。出院后，在他的家人的努力和西雅圖的學(xué)生，Gray的幫助下，他得到了一只可愛的小狗作為圣誕禮物。目前Truett正在逐漸康復(fù)，他的母親希望這個(gè)感人的故事會(huì)鼓勵(lì)更多的人考慮器官捐贈(zèng)?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：2歲的TruettPalmer出生于Missouri，患有遺傳疾病和先天性心臟病。A.lung肺；B.heart心臟；C.kidney腎臟；D.eye眼睛。根據(jù)下文“threeopenheartsurgeriesandahearttransplant”可知他患有先天性心臟病。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他遭受了十多次手術(shù)，包括三次心臟開胸手術(shù)和一次心臟移植手術(shù)。A.experienced經(jīng)歷；B.undergone經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受；C.resulted產(chǎn)生；D.suffered遭受。短語(yǔ)suffersfrom意為“受苦；受折磨”，根據(jù)該空后的from可知，選D。如果空后沒有from，則A、B項(xiàng)均正確。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：在他最近住院期間，Truett期盼的一件事是一只名叫Zuri的治療犬的、每周一次的來(lái)訪。A.tookpartin參加；B.turneddown拒絕；C.lookforwardto期盼；D.dealtwith處理。由下文“AfterTruettleftthehospital,hismomDaniellebegan____7____gettingaGoldendooleforhim”可知，Truett非常喜歡治療犬Zuri，所以是盼望。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這只狗是一只黃金貴賓犬，有著卷卷的毛，它就是那么地不同。A.different不同的；B.patient耐性的；C.gentle溫和的；D.helpful有幫助的。由下文“Truetthassensoryissuesandhe____5____anyonetouchinghisfeet,butwithZuri,hewouldjustrunhisfeetthroughherfur.”可知，Truett不喜歡別人碰他的腳，但他會(huì)用腳和Zuri的皮毛接觸玩耍，因此Zuri是不同的。故選A。【25題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Truett有感官方面的問(wèn)題，他不喜歡任何人碰他的腳。A.dislikes不喜歡；B.enjoys享受；C.disapproves不贊成；D.keeps保持。根據(jù)前文“Truetthassensoryissues”以及后文“butwithZuri,hewouldjustrunhisfeetthroughherfur”中的but可知，此處是不喜歡別人碰他的腳。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)Truett與Zuri在一起的時(shí)候，仿佛世界（其他人或物）都不存在。A.appear出現(xiàn)；B.exist存在；C.change改變；D.stop停止。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，此處的描寫是表達(dá)Truett對(duì)Zuri的喜愛，因此Truett的眼里只有Zuri。其他三項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)境。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在Truett離開醫(yī)院以后，他的母親Danielle開始考慮給他買一只黃金貴賓犬，但是發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)品種特別貴。A.planning計(jì)劃；B.arranging安排；C.considering考慮；D.permitting允許。plan和arrange后接todo不定式；C項(xiàng)considerdoing意為“考慮做某事”；D項(xiàng)permitdoing意為“允許做某事”。由上文可知，Truett非常喜歡那只黃金貴賓犬，因此出院后，他的母親想給他買一條。故選C。【28題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在Truett離開醫(yī)院以后，他的母親Danielle開始考慮給他買一只黃金貴賓犬，但是發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)品種特別貴。A.expensive昂貴的；B.affordable負(fù)得起的；C.economic經(jīng)濟(jì)的；D.modest謙虛的。上文提到他的母親Danielle開始考慮給他買一只黃金貴賓犬，but表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，但是他們買不起。由此可知，此空表示這個(gè)品種的狗狗價(jià)格昂貴。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她說(shuō)：“經(jīng)濟(jì)上，經(jīng)歷了移植手術(shù)和住院，這在我們的預(yù)算中是行不通的?！盇.schedule時(shí)刻表；B.hospital醫(yī)院；C.background背景；D.budget預(yù)算。由上文可知黃金貴賓犬價(jià)格昂貴，再加上因?yàn)榍捌谑中g(shù)和治療的花費(fèi)，可知買狗是超出家庭預(yù)算的。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Danielle把Truett的故事和愿望發(fā)布在了Facebook社交平臺(tái)上，期待有奇跡出現(xiàn)。A.reported報(bào)道；B.focused聚焦；集中；C.posted發(fā)布；D.found發(fā)現(xiàn)。由下文“Truett'storyanddreamonFacebook”可知，是在Facebook發(fā)布了Truett的故事和愿望。故選C?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Gray的一只心愛的狗剛剛生了小狗，她想趕在在圣誕節(jié)的時(shí)候送給一個(gè)有特殊需要的孩子一個(gè)毛茸茸的朋友。A.gift贈(zèng)送；B.sell出售；C.buy購(gòu)買；D.meet遇見。此空填動(dòng)詞，后接雙賓語(yǔ)，分別是onechild和a(n)____12____friend，因此排除B、C、D。短語(yǔ)giftsb.sth.意為“將某物贈(zèng)送給某人”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Gray的一只心愛的狗剛剛生了小狗，她想在圣誕節(jié)的時(shí)候送給一個(gè)有特殊需要的孩子一只毛茸茸的朋友。A.novel新奇的；B.furry毛茸茸的；C.old年老的；D.certain必然的。聯(lián)系上文，她心愛的狗狗剛生了小狗，可知，此處的a(n)____12____friend指的是一只毛茸茸的小狗。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：當(dāng)她（在Facebook）偶然看到Truett的故事時(shí)，她知道Truett將會(huì)是這只小狗的新主人。A.tookdown記下；B.lookedfor尋找；C.comparedwith與…相比；D.cameacross偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)。由下文關(guān)鍵詞“Truett’sstory”，聯(lián)系上文：Danielle把Truett的故事和愿望發(fā)布在Facebook上可知，Gray是偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)她在Facebook偶然看到Truett的故事時(shí)，她知道Truett將會(huì)是這只小狗的新主人。A.shelter避難所；B.guide指導(dǎo)者；C.owner主人；D.employee雇員。由上文可知，Gray打算在圣誕節(jié)的時(shí)候送出一只小狗，即給小狗找一個(gè)主人。故選C。【35題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：他所經(jīng)歷（痛苦）不是我能想象到的。A.(get)along相處、進(jìn)展；B.(get)through度過(guò)，熬過(guò)（困難或不快的時(shí)期）；C.(get)away離開，脫身，逃脫，外出度假；D.(get)down下來(lái)，吞下，寫下，使沮喪。根據(jù)下文“Seeinghowstrongheisandhowpositivehisfamilyisaboutthatall,lamdeeplymoved.”Graysaid.”可知，Gray指的是Truett的治療經(jīng)歷是她難以想象到的。故選B。【36題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在Gray和Palmer一家人的共同努力下，運(yùn)送這條小狗穿越了州際邊界線，這只黃金貴賓犬幼崽正好趕在圣誕節(jié)的清晨到了Truett懷中。A.worried擔(dān)心的；B.accepted公認(rèn)的；C.thrilled非常興奮的；D.combined聯(lián)合的。由下文“effortbyGrayandthePalmerfamily”可知，是雙方共同的努力。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：在Gray和Palmer一家人的共同努力下，運(yùn)送這條小狗穿越了州際邊界線，這只黃金貴賓犬幼崽正好趕在圣誕節(jié)的清晨到了Truett懷中。A.on在……上；B.beneath在……的下；C.into在……里；D.across穿過(guò)。由上文可知G