(全國通用)高考英語二輪復習考前三個月專題一閱讀理解細做模擬試題,題型分類突破(七)主旨大意之段落大

（七）主旨大意之段落大意題主旨大意之段落大意題ADoyouknowelectricitycanchangethewaywetaste

food?Provingthisfactisarevolutionaryelectricfork

designedbyJapaneseresearchersthatcanmakeanydish

tastesalty.AccordingtoHiromiNakamura,aPostDocResearchFellowatTokyo,sMeiji

University，thetechnologycanbeveryusefulforpeopleonspecial

diets.Patientswithhighbloodpressure，forinstance，caneasilygoona

low-saltdietandstillenjoydeliciousfood.Andwiththefork,there,s

absolutelynoriskofover-saltingtheirfood.Luckily,thevoltage(?1≡)isso

smallthatthereisnoriskofelectrocution(???)either.Theideaofaddingelectricitytofoodwasfirstexposedasanexperiment

attheComputerHumanInteractionConferenceinAustin,Texas,in2012.Nakamura

andherteamconnectedawiretoa9-voltbatteryandpasseditthroughastraw

placedinacupofsweetlemonade.Volunteersreportedthatthechargedlemonade

tasted“blander”,becausetheelectricitycreatedthetasteofsalt.Nakamurahasimprovedthetechnologytobeabletotransferanelectric

chargetofoodthroughforksandchopsticks.“Themetallicpartoftheforkis

oneelectrode(電極)，andthehandleistheother,“Nakamuraexplained."When

youtakeapieceoffoodwiththeforkandputitinyourmouth,youconnect

thecircuit.Whenyouremovetheforkfromyourmouth,youdisconnectthe

circuit.Soitactuallyworksasaswitch.”SimonKlose,hostoffoodprogramMunchies,whorecentlyvisitedNakamura

totryouttheforkhimself,calledthisformof“foodhackingvoneofthe

greatesteatingexperienceshe,deverhad.“WhenIfirstheardofelectricfood,itsoundedscary,“hesaid.He

latercontinuedtouseachargedforktoeatpiecesoffriedchicken,andfound

thatthesaltinessconsiderablyincreasedastheelectricitywasconnected.Nakamurahasbeeneating“electric“foodforthepastthreetofouryears

inanattempttounderstanditbetter.“Forme，"foodhacking,isabout

strengtheningorweakeningrealfood,“shesaid.“Itmayseemlikewe,re

cookingbutwe,reactuallyworkingonthehumansenses.”（七）主旨大意之段落大意題語篇解讀本文屬于科普說明文，主要介紹了日本科學家使用電流改變食物的味道的研究。Theelectricforkmaybenefitpeoplewho.A．needtogoonadietB.havehighbloodpressureC.preferfoodfreeofsaltD.showinterestintastyfood答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句"Patientswithhighbloodpressure,forinstance,caneasilygoonalow-saltdietandstillenjoydeliciousfood.”可知，患高血壓的人使用這一技術仍然可以享受鹽分低而美味的食物，這些食物屬于健康食物。說明這一技術對患高血壓的人有益。故B正確。Paragraph4mainlytellsUS.A.howtheelectricforkworksB.whatmakesthecircuitconnectedC.howthetechnologywasimprovedD.whytheelectricforkwasinvented答案A解析段落大意題。閱讀本段可知，本段主要介紹theelectricfork的工作原理。Fromthepassage,Welearnthattheelectricfork.A.createsvirtualtasteB.changespeople’sdietsC.helpscurediseasesD.replacessaltincooking答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句可知,實際上電擊只是給人一種虛擬的假味道,實際上食物還是原來的味道。故A正確。BInanticipation（預料）ofanextraordinaryvisit,thestreetsandbuildingsofHavana,Cuba,werecleanedandpaintedbydozensofworkers.Whatwastheoccasion?Forthefirsttimeinnearly90years,asittingUnitedStatespresidentwascomingtoCuba,anislandnation90milessouthofFlorida.OnSunday,PresidentBarackObama,joinedbyhisfamily,steppedoffAirForceOneand（七）主旨大意之段落大意題ontoarainyrunway,whereCubandignitaries（高官）eagerlyawaitedhim.“It'swonderfultobehere，”thepresidentsaid.ThelasttimeaU．S.presidentcametoCubawasin1928.ItwasPresidentCalvinCoolidge，andhearrivedonabattleship.ObamawillbeinCubathroughTuesday.HeissettomeetwithCuba’spresident，RaulCastro，attendastatedinnerandeventakepartinabaseballgame.TheU．S.cutalltieswithCubaafterFidelCastro’scommunistgovernmenttookcontroloftheislandin1959.Intheyearsthatfollowed，bothcountries’opposingpoliticalviewsfurtheredtheseparation.PlansforsocialandeconomicchangebeganafterPresidentFidelCastrotransferredpowertohisbrother，Raulin2008.RaulCastrothensetaplaninmotiontorevivethecountry’seconomy.Sincethen，Cubahasbeentakingsmall，yetlastingstepstowardchangebyremovinganumberofrestrictionsthathadbeensetonitscitizens，suchasaccesstotheInternet，theuseofcellphones，andbyallowingpeopletoworkatjobsnotcontrolledbythegovernment.Cuba，however，stillhastoughlimitsonmedia，publicassemblyandpoliticalopposition.ObamahopestosharehisvisionforCuba’sfutureduringaspeechhewilldeliver.Beforethetrip，SeniorAdvisorBenRhodessaidthepresidenthopedtousethisvisitasawayto“continuetocreateopeningsforgreatengagementbetweentheAmericanandCubanpeople.”語篇解讀本文是一篇新聞報道，介紹了美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬訪問古巴的新聞，分析了這次訪問的前因后果以及深遠影響。4．Whatisstressedinthesecondparagraph?A．PresidentObama’sarrivalontelevision.B．ObamaandCastrotalkabouthumanrights.C．ThefirstservingU．S.presidenttovisitCubarecently.D．FirstladyMichelleObamawaslaterwelcomed.答案C解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段第一句"Forthefirsttimeinnearly90years，asittingUnitedStatespresidentwascomingtoCuba，anislandnation90milessouthofFlorida.”可知奧巴馬訪問古巴是90年以來在職的美國總統(tǒng)第一次訪問古巴，這是有劃時代的意義的一次訪問。所以本段想強調(diào)的也正是這一點。（七）主旨大意之段落大意題5．WhatwastheeventshowingCuba’schangeforthebetter?A．FidelCastrorosetopower.B．RaulCastrocametopower.C．CalvinCoolidgearrivedinCuba.D．TheU．S.officialsarrivedinCuba.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句"PlansforsocialandeconomicchangebeganafterPresidentFidelCastrotransferredpowertohisbrother，Raulin2008.RaulCastrothensetaplaninmotiontorevivethecountry’seconomy.”及第四段第一句可知，在2008年FidelCastro把總統(tǒng)的職位傳給他的弟弟RaulCastro以后，RaulCastro就進行了一系列的社會和經(jīng)濟改革，使古巴的情況逐漸好轉(zhuǎn)。故B項正確。6．AccordingtoBenRhodes，whichisthepurposeofBarackObama’svisittoCuba?A．TobringnegativechangeforCubans.B．TocarryouthisvisionforCuba’sfuture.C．Tobreaksilenceandnocommunications.D．TogiveMr.Castroalistofpoliticalviews.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一句“...thepresidenthopedtousethisvisitasawayto‘continuetocreateopeningsforgreatengagementbetweentheAmericanandCubanpeople.’”可知，奧巴馬總統(tǒng)希望通過本次訪問打破美國和古巴之間多年沒有聯(lián)系的局面并進一步深入雙方的關系和聯(lián)系。故C正確。CPeoplearebeingtrickedintoFacebookwiththepromiseofafun，freeservicewithoutrealizingthey’repayingforitbygivinguploadsofpersonalinformation.MostFacebookusersdon’trealizethisishappening.Eveniftheyknowwhatthecompanyisupto，theystillhavenoideawhatthey’repayingforFacebookbecausepeopledon’treallyknowwhattheirpersonaldataisworth.Thebiggestproblem，however，isthatthecompanykeepschangingtherules.Earlyon，youkeepeverythingprivate.ThatwasthegreatthingaboutFacebook—youcouldcreateyourownlittleprivatenetwork.However，thecompanychangeditsprivacyrulessothatmanythings—yourcity，yourphoto，your（七）主旨大意之段落大意題friends'names—wereset,bydefault（默認）tobesharedwitheveryoneontheInternet.AccordingtoFacebook’svice-presidentElliotSchrage，thecompanyissimplymakingchangestoimproveitsservice，andifpeopledon’tshareinformation，theyhavea“l(fā)esssatisfyingexperience”．SomecriticsthinkthisismoreaboutFacebooklookingtomakemoremoney.Inoriginalbusinessmodel，whichinvolvedsellingadsandputtingthem，atthesideofthepages，totallytired.Whowantstolookatadswhenthey’reonlineconnectingwiththeirfriends?TheprivacyissuehasalreadylandedFacebookinhotwaterinWashington.InApril，SenatorCharlesSchumercalledonFacebooktochangeitsprivacypolicy.HealsourgedtheFederalTradeCommissiontosetguidelinesforsocialnetworkingsites.“Ithinkthesenatorrightlycommunicatedthatwehadnotbeenclearaboutwhatthenewproductswereandhowpeoplecouldchoosetousethemornottousethem，”Schrageadmits.IsuspectthatwhateverFacebookhasdonesofartoinvadeourprivacy，it’sonlythebeginning，whichiswhyI’mconsideringcancellingmyaccount.Facebookisahandysite，butI’mupsetbytheideathatmyinformationisinthehandsofpeopleIdon’tknow.That’stoohighapricetopay.語篇解讀FacebOOk通過免費的、有趣的服務吸引著眾人，但為此人們付出了沉重的代價——泄露了大量的個人信息。7．WhatdowelearnaboutFacebookfromthefirstparagraph?A．Itisawebsitethatsendsmessagestouserswhowanttogetmarried.B．Itearnsmoneybyputtingonadvertisements.C．Itmakesmoneybysellingitsusers’personaldata.D．Itprovidesloadsofinformationtoitsusers.答案C解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段“PeoplearebeingtrickedintoFacebookwiththepromiseofafun，freeservicewithoutrealizingthey’repayingforitbygivinguploadsofpersonalinformation.”可知本段主要講人們被Facebook的一些幌子騙了，付出的代價是出賣了自己的個人信息?？芍xC。8．WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutmostFacebookusers?（七）主旨大意之段落大意題A．Theyareunwillingtogiveuptheirpersonalinformation.B．Theydon’tknowtheirpersonaldataenrichesFacebook.C．Theydon’tidentifythemselveswhenusingthewebsite.D．Theycareverylittleabouttheirpersonalinformation.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“...withoutrealizingthey’repayingforitbygivinguploadsofpersonalinformation.”和第二段中“MostFacebookusersdon’trealizethisishappening...peopledon’treallyknowwhattheirpersonaldataisworth.”可知，大多數(shù)用戶對個人信息泄露并不知情，他們不知道自己的信息已被出賣，而使Facebook掙了錢。故選B。9．WhydoesFacebookmakechangestoitsrulesaccordingtoElliotSchrage?A．Toprovidebetterservicetoitsusers.B．ToobeytheFederalguidelines.C．Toimproveitsusers’connection.D．Toexpanditsbusiness.答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“AccordingtoFacebook'Svice-presidentElliotSchrage，thecompanyissimplymakingchangestoimproveitsservice，andifpeopledon’tshareinformation，theyhavea‘lesssatisfyingexperience’．”可知ElliotSchrage認為公司不斷改變規(guī)則是為了提高用戶體驗，更好地為用戶服務。故選A。10．WhydoestheauthorplantocancelhisFacebookaccount?A．Heisdissatisfiedwithitspresentservice.B．Hefindsmanyofitsusersuntrustworthy.C．Hedoesn’twanthispersonaldatabadlyused.D．Heisupsetbyitsfrequentrulechanges.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“IsuspectthatwhateverFacebookhasdonesofartoinvadeourprivacy，it’sonlythebeginning，whichiswhyI’mconsideringcancellingmyaccount.Facebookisahandysite，butI’mupsetbytheideathatmyinformationisinthehandsofpeopleIdon'tknow.”可知，作者決定注銷Facebook賬戶是為了保護自己的個人信息，防止個人信息被濫用。故選D。DDotheexercise15through25.Givethedifferentformsoftheverbsonpage（七）主旨大意之段落大意題50ofyourFrenchworkbook.Readpage12through20oftheShakespeareplay，andwhenyouhavefinishedthat，don’tforgettofillthemissingchemicalsymbolsonthePeriodicTableofElementsworksheet.Homeworkisamajorpartofgoingtoclass，andithelpsstudentsgraspimportantconcepts.Luckily，youcandoafewthingstomakehomeworklesspainful.First，besureyouunderstandtheassignment.Writeitdowninyournotebookordayplannerifyouneedto，anddon’tbeafraidtoaskquestionsaboutwhatisexpected.Itismucheasiertotakeaminutetoasktheteacherduringorafterclassthantostruggletorememberlateratnight!Second，useanyextratimeyouhaveinschooltoworkonyourhomework.Manyschoolshavestudyhallsthatarespecificallydesignedtoallowstudentstostudyorgethomeworkdone.Itisattractivetohangoutwithfriendsduringstudyperiodsorunscheduledtime，butthemoreworkyoucangetdoneinschool，thelessyouwillhavetodoatnight.Third，paceyourself.Ifyoudon’tfinishyourhomeworkduringschool，thinkabouthowmuchyouhaveleftandwhatelseisgoingonthatday，andthenbudgetyourtime.Mosthighschoolstudentshavebetween1and3hoursofhomeworkanight.Ifitisaheavy-homeworkdayanditseemslikeyouhavegotanassignmentoneverysubjectbutgymandlunch，youwillneedtodevotemoretimetohomeworkschedule，especiallyifyouareinvolvedinsportsoractivitiesorhaveanafter-schooljob.語篇解讀家庭作業(yè)是學習中非常重要的一部分，能夠幫助學生學習很多重要的概念。文章介紹了幾種讓做家庭作業(yè)更輕松的建議。11.Thefirstparagraphisprobably.A．examinationitemsB.alistofhomeworkC.someteachertrainingtasksD.somelearningmethods答案B解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Do