2017考研英語復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃

Losingweightcomeswithahostofhealthbenefits——includingmakingyourbrainsharper.Yes,itturnsoutthatinadditiontobeingbadforyourheart,carryingexcessweightmayimpaircognitivefunctionssuchasmemoryandattention.Therehavebeenfewstudiesofobesityandcognitivefunctioning,possiblybecauseofthegeneralassumptionthatitisnotaprimaryriskfactorforpoorcognitiveperformance.Losingweight,therefore,mayhelpimprovethesementalfunctions,accordingtonewresearchledbyJohnGunstad,assistantprofessorofpsychologyatKentStateUniversity.Agrowingbodyofevidencesuggeststhatobesityislinkedtocognitivedeficits,anditisaknownriskfactorforAlzheimer'sdiseaseandstroke.SoGunstadandhisteamspeculatedthatlosingweightmightimprovementalfunction.Fortheirstudy,theymeasuredmemoryandattentioninagroupof150overweightparticipants,someofwhomunderwentgastricbypasssurgeryforweightlossandsomewhodidnot.Allofthevolunteerscompletedmental-skillsteststoassesstheirbaselineabilitiesofrecallandattentionatthebeginningofthestudy,andagain12weekslater,aftersomeofthemhadtheoperationandlostweight.Tobeginwith,about24%ofthepatientsshowedimpairedlearningand23%showedsignsofpoormemoryrecallwhentested.Bytheendofthestudy,thosewhohadlostweighthadboostedtheirscoresintotheaverageoraboveaveragerangeforcognitivefunctions.Scoresforthevolunteerswhodidn'tundergoweight-losssurgerydroppedevenfurther.Whywouldbodyweighthaveanythingtodowithbrainfunction？Itturnsoutthatobesityworksonanumberofdifferentmetabolicpathwaysthatcanaffectthewayweprocessinformation.“Obesityaffectsanumberofphysiologicalmechanismsthatcanhaveanadverseeffectonthebrain,”saysGunstad.“Hypertension,Type2diabetes,sleepapnea,allofwhichareconsequencesofbeingoverweight,areallbadforthebrain.”Focusingonpatientshavingweight-reductionsurgeryhelpedGunstadtoestablishrelativelyquicklywhetherlosingweighthadanyeffectonmentalfunction.Thosewhohavetheprocedure,hesays,tendtoloseweightrapidlyinashortperiodoftime,fasterthanpeoplewhodietandexercise.Nowthathe'sseenthepositiveimpactthatweightlosscanhaveonmemoryandattention,hesayshewillnextstudythosewhoopttoshedthepoundsbyeatinghealthierandgettingmoreactive.Heanticipatesthatlosingweighttheold-fashionedwaywillhaveasimilarlypositiveeffectonthebrain.“Ifwecanimprovetheconditionwithsurgery,thenwecanseeifwecanproducethesamechangewithbehavioralweightlossaswell,”hesays.Whyareoverweightandcognitivefunctionsless[A]Becauseitissupposedthatoverweightmerelyaffectsourbodyphysically.[B]Becauseoverweightisnotsupposedtobeanessentialfactorforlowcognitiveability.[C]Becauseresearchersoverlookedtherelationbetweenweightandmentalfunctions.[D]Becauseresearchersmainlyconcentrateonthewaytosharpenpeople'smind.WhatcanbeinferredfromGunstadandhisteam'sstudy？[A]Losingweightbysurgerycanreducetheriskofstroke.[C]Losingweightbysurgeryimprovespeople'smentalfunctions.[D]Overweightpeoplearelikelytosufferfrompsychologicalproblems.Whydoesobesitydoharmtobrainfunction？[A]Itdisturbsthewaythebodyworks.[C]Itcausesseverementalillness.[D]Itleadspeopletotaketoomuch[A]Traditionalwaysoflosingweightarequickerthan[C]Behavioralweightlosswillpositivelyaffectmentalfunctionassurgerydoes.[D]Peopleofhealthyweighthavenoriskofsufferingcognitivedeficits.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext？[A]BodyWeightandHealth[B]LosingWeighttoSharpenYourMind[C]LosingWeightbySurgery[D]WaystoImproveMental【解題思路】由題干overweightandcognitivefunctions可定位至文章第二段。本段知行為較差的主要致病因素（possiblybecauseofthegeneralassumptionthatitisnotaprimaryriskfactorforpoorcognitiveperformance）。也就是通常并不認(rèn)為肥胖是造成認(rèn)知 從岡德以及他的團(tuán)隊(duì)的研究中可以推斷出什么？[D]超重人群很有可能心理問題。【解題思路】由題干Gunstadandhisteam'sstudy可定位至文章第三段。該段第二功能在12變得更差了。以上實(shí)驗(yàn)說明通過手術(shù)減肥的確可以改善人們的大腦功能，所人群的力和注意力參差不齊，故選項(xiàng)[B]錯(cuò)誤。該研究涉及的mentalfunctions包括力pathways）和生理機(jī)能（physiologicalmechanisms），而這些代謝途徑或生理功能又息的方式（thewayweprocessinformation），這里說的是方式，不是速度，故排除選項(xiàng)[B]。[D]體重正常的人沒有認(rèn)知缺陷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。【解題思路】本題考查Gunstad的觀點(diǎn)，可定位到文章最后一段。該段第三句，岡斯飲食和加強(qiáng)鍛煉來減肥的人。第四句又，岡德推測以傳統(tǒng)的方式減肥也能對大腦產(chǎn)生積極影響（willhaveasimilarlypositiveeffectonthebrain）。最后一句直接他的話進(jìn)就是第四句中提到的“以傳統(tǒng)的方式減肥”（losingweightintheold-fashionedway）。由此可【干擾排除】該段第二句，手術(shù)減肥比傳統(tǒng)減肥途徑見效快，選項(xiàng)[A]與原文意思正相顯現(xiàn)出來，原文并未提及需要再進(jìn)行觀察，故排除選項(xiàng)[B]。第三段第一句，越來越多ahostof許多：Thehooffersahostofleisureactivities.這家旅館提供很多休閑活動(dòng)inadditiontoInadditiontoinconvenience,blackoutsarecausingmajoreconomiclosses.停電除了帶來不便以外，還會(huì)造成巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。impair/Imˋpe?（r）/v.削弱；損害：Anoisyjobcouldpermanentlyimpairtheirobesity/??ˋbi?s?tin.肥胖癥；過度肥胖：Obesityisaproblemformanypeopleinwesternstroke/str??kn.中風(fēng)：Thestrokelefthimparalyseddownhisrightside.中風(fēng)致使他身體右undergo/??nd?ˋg??v.接受；承受：undergomajorsurgery/reformrepair經(jīng)過大/接受大檢修*gastric/ˋg?strIkadjgastricbypasssurgeryphysiological/?fIzI?ˋl?d?Ikladj.生理的；生理機(jī)能的：thephysiologicaleffectsofspacetravel宇宙航行的生理影響mechanism/ˋmek?nIz?mn.機(jī)制；機(jī)理：Thebodyhasdefencemechanismsagainstmany/opt/?pt/v.決定做某事；選擇：HeoptedtogotoParisratherthanLondon.他決定去巴黎，shed/?ed/v.去除；除去：Ished25poundsasaresultofmynewdiet.使用新食譜后，我的體重減去了25磅。anticipate/?nˋtIsIpeIt/vItwasanticipatedthattherainswouldslowthemilitaryn.據(jù)估計(jì)雨天會(huì)減緩該軍事行動(dòng)的進(jìn)程。?Focusingonpatientshavingweight-reductionsurgeryhelpedGunstad...，F(xiàn)ocusingon...surgeryhavingweight-reductionsurgery作后置定語修飾patients,toestablish...onmentalfunction作賓語Gunstad的補(bǔ)足語，relativelyquickly作establ