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年齡因素對(duì)中耳共振頻率的影響

Introduction

Middleearresonantfrequencyisanimportantparameterthatinfluencesthetransmissionofsoundfromtheoutereartotheinnerear.Itisdeterminedbythemassandstiffnessofthemiddleearcomponents.Age-relatedchangescanalterthepropertiesofthemiddleearandleadtochangesinresonantfrequency.Thispaperaimstoreviewtheliteratureontheeffectofageonmiddleearresonantfrequencyandexplorethepotentialmechanismsunderlyingthiseffect.

EffectofAgeonMiddleEarResonantFrequency

Anumberofstudieshavereportedanincreaseinmiddleearresonantfrequencywithage.Forexample,astudybyRosowskietal.(2012)foundthattheresonantfrequencyofthemiddleearincreasedfromaround1.5kHzinyoungadultstoaround3.5kHzinolderadults.Similarly,anotherstudybyKeefeetal.(1991)reportedanincreaseinresonantfrequencyfrom1.2kHzinyoungadultsto2.1kHzinolderadults.

Theexactageatwhichtheincreaseinmiddleearresonantfrequencybeginstooccurmaydependonanumberoffactors,includingtheindividual'ssex,hearinghistory,andoverallhealth.Forexample,astudybyShahnazetal.(2008)foundthattheincreaseinmiddleearresonantfrequencybeganataround40yearsofageinwomenbutnotuntilaround50yearsofageinmen.Otherstudieshavereportedthatindividualswithahistoryofnoiseexposureorototoxicmedicationusemayexperienceearlieronsetofmiddleearchangescomparedtothosewithoutsuchexposure.

MechanismsUnderlyingAge-RelatedChangesinMiddleEarResonantFrequency

Theincreaseinmiddleearresonantfrequencywithageisthoughttobeduetoacombinationoffactors,includingchangesinthemassandstiffnessofthemiddleearcomponents,andalterationsinthesurroundingbonestructure.

ChangesintheMassandStiffnessoftheMiddleEarComponents

Themiddleeariscomposedofseveralcomponents,includingthetympanicmembrane,ossicles,andligaments.Withage,thesecomponentsmayundergochangesthataltertheirmassandstiffness,therebyaffectingtheresonancefrequencyofthesystem.

OnestudybyZhuetal.(2019)foundthatthemassofthetympanicmembraneandtheossiclesincreasedwithage,whiletheareaandcomplianceofthetympanicmembranedecreased.Thesechangesledtoanincreaseinmiddleearresonancefrequency.

AlterationsintheSurroundingBoneStructure

Thebonesurroundingthemiddleearcanalsoundergoage-relatedchangesthataffectmiddleearresonancefrequency.Forexample,thetemporalbone,whichcontainsthemiddleandinnerearstructures,undergoesbonelosswithage.Thiscanleadtochangesinthedistancebetweentheossiclesandtheinnerearandalterthemechanicsofthemiddleear.

AstudybyOghalaietal.(2017)foundthatthesizeofthebonycanalthatencasesthemiddleearstructuresdecreasedwithage.Theresearchershypothesizedthatthisnarrowingofthecanalcouldleadtoastiffeningofthemiddleearsystem,resultinginanincreaseinresonantfrequency.

Conclusion

Inconclusion,middleearresonancefrequencyincreaseswithageduetochangesinthemassandstiffnessofthemiddleearcomponents,aswellasalterationsinthesurroundingbonestructure.Theageatwhichthesechangesoccurmayvarydependingonindividualfactorssuchassex,hearinghistory,andoverallh

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