浙江省衢州市高二下學(xué)期期末英語試題

衢州市2023年6月高二年級(jí)教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)試卷英語考生須知：1.全卷分試卷和答題卷。考試結(jié)束后，將答題卷上交。2.試卷共10頁，分第I卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)兩部分。滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。3.請(qǐng)將答案做在答題卷的相應(yīng)位置上，寫在試卷上無效。第I卷第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5題：每小題分，滿分分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.What’stheweathergoingtobelike?A.Windy.B.Sunny.C.Rainy.2.Whendoesthewomanliketodrinktea?AIntheafternoon.B.Inthemorning.C.Intheevening.3.Whatdoesthemanprobablywantthewomantodo?A.Fixthecomputer.B.Buyanewcomputer.C.Restartthecomputer.4.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Settingupatent.B.Writinginstructions.C.Lookingforaplaceforpicnic.5.Whattimewillthewomanmeettheman?A.At6:00p.m.B.At7:00p.m.C.At8:00p.m.第二節(jié)(共15題：每小題分，滿分分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Howisthewomanrelatedtotheman?A.Hiswife.B.Hissecretary.C.Hisboss.7.Whatdoesthemanneedthesuitfor?A.Ameeting.B.Awedding.C.Anonlinecourse.聽第7段材料,回答第8至10題.8.Whatdoesthewomanthinkaboutplayingsoccernow?A.It’sveryhard.B.It’ssoexciting.C.It’salittledangerous.9.Whatdoesthemanremindthewomantopayattentionto?A.Teamwork.B.Confidence.C.Safety.10.WhathappenedtoUncleTomwhileplayingsoccer?AHebrokehisarm.B.Hissprainedhisankle.C.Hehadasmallcut.聽第8段材料,回答第11至13題.11.Whendidgleegetinterestedinbaking?A.Whenhewas12.B.Whenhewas5.C.Whenhewas35.12.WheredidgleegettheideaforhisTurkishbaklava?A.InTurkey.B.InAmerica.C.InFrance.13.Whoisthewomanprobably?A.Achef.B.atehost.C.Acakeshopowner.聽第9段材料,回答第14至16題.14.Wherearethespeakers?A.Ataschool.B.Atafactory.C.Atamuseum.15.Whatsubjectwillthemanwriteabout?A.Howcarsaredeveloped.B.Howartisdifferentfromotherthings.C.Howschoolshelpstudentslearnaboutart.16.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Buysomecups.B.Haveameal.C.Goforadrive.聽第10段材料,回答第17至20題.17.WhatcanChatGPTdo?A.Onlycopyandpasteoldworks.B.Helpstudentspassexamseasily.C.Respondtoquestionsinahuman-likeway.18.HowdoesthespeakerdescribeChatGPTinwriting?A.Powerful.B.Professional.C.Worthless.19.Whatwillthelistenershavetodoiftheirpapersarequestioned?A.Takemoreexams.B.Leaveschool.C.Failthatyeardirectly.20.Whatisthemainideaofthetalk?A.Explainingsomewritingskills.B.WarningtheuseofAIforschoolwork.C.IntroducingtheuseofChatGPTindailylife.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題分,滿分分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng).ACHI’sAcademicYearProgram(AYP)isyourchancetostudyinAmericaandspendeitheranacademicyearorasemesterlivingwithavolunteerhostfamily.TherequirementsforstudyinginAmerica:●Highschoolstudentswhoareaged15to18●Ascoreofatleast212ontheELTISexam●ApplicationContactapartneragencyinyourhomeoranearbycountry.Wecanalsosendyoualistofpartnersnearyou.Theywillsetyouupwithanapplicationandletyouknowwhatyouneedtosubmitinordertobeconsidered.●AdmissionandvisaOurAdmissionsDepartmentreviewsandacceptsyourapplication.WeissueandsendyouragencytheFormas-2019,whichistheofficialUSDepartmentofStatedocumentthatallowsyoutoapplyforandreceiveyourJ-1visa.OnceyoureceivetheDS-2019,youcanmakeyourvisaappointment.Whenthevisaisgranted,youareallsettotraveltoAmerica.●HomestayzksqMeanwhile,ourFieldandOperationsstaffworkhardtofindyoutheperfectfamilyandschoolassoonaspossible!Oncewefindtherighthostfamilyforyou,youcanstarttogettoknowyourfamilybyemail.●DeparttotheUSandmeetyourfamilyandfriendsYouragencywillbookyourflightaccordingtoyourschoolstartdate.Whenyouarrive,wewillgiveyouastudentorientation(迎新會(huì))andintroduceyoutootherexchangestudentsandthesurroundingcommunity.Whenschoolstarts,youwillbegintheprocessofculturalexchange!Contactus:1-800-432-4643;1-415-459-5397Location:255WEndAvenueSanRafael,CA949011.Whocantakepartinthishomestayproject?A.ThoseinterestedinAmericanculture.B.Collegestudentswith220ontheELTISexam.C.14-year-oldstudentswithgoodgradedatschool.D.17-year-oldhighschoolstudentswith212ontheELTISexam.2.Howdothestudentsapplyforthisproject?A.Call-800-432-4643.B.Contactapartneragencyintheircountry.C.VisitCHI’swebsiteandfilloutanonlineapplication.D.ApplyinpersonatCHI’sheadquartersinSanRafael.3.Inwhichpartofamagazinecanwemostprobablyfindthearticle?A.Tourism. B.Science. C.Education. D.Entertainment.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文的主題是中學(xué)生有機(jī)會(huì)參加CHI的學(xué)術(shù)年度計(jì)劃(AYP)，這使他們有機(jī)會(huì)在美國學(xué)習(xí)，并與志愿家庭一起生活。文章概述了參與的要求，申請(qǐng)流程以及通過該計(jì)劃進(jìn)行文化交流的好處?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TherequirementsforstudyinginAmerica(在美國學(xué)習(xí)的要求)中的“Highschoolstudentswhoareaged15to18(15至18歲的高中生)Ascoreofatleast212ontheELTISexam(ELTIS考試成績(jī)至少為212分)”可知，只有年齡在15至18歲之間，并且ELTIS考試分?jǐn)?shù)達(dá)到212分的高中生才可以參與這個(gè)寄宿家庭計(jì)劃。只有D項(xiàng)符合要求，故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Application中的“Contactapartneragencyinyourhomeoranearbycountry.Wecanalsosendyoualistofpartnersnearyou.Theywillsetyouupwithanapplicationandletyouknowwhatyouneedtosubmitinordertobeconsidered.(聯(lián)系您本國或附近國家/地區(qū)的合作伙伴機(jī)構(gòu)。我們還可以向您發(fā)送您附近的合作伙伴列表。他們將為您設(shè)置申請(qǐng)，并讓您知道需要提交什么才能被考慮。)”可知學(xué)生需要聯(lián)系自己所在國家的合作機(jī)構(gòu)，申請(qǐng)并了解所需提交的材料。故選B項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。文章主要介紹了學(xué)生參與在美國學(xué)習(xí)和寄宿家庭項(xiàng)目的相關(guān)信息和流程，與教育相關(guān)，所以最可能出現(xiàn)在雜志的教育板塊。故選C項(xiàng)。BTheotherday,Dino,ourneighboracrosstheroad,sawmeinfrontofournewhomeinItalyandcalledout,“Goodevening!”HisEnglish,thoughlimited,ismuchbetterthanmyItalian.“YouOK?”heasked.Hehadgreetedmebefore,usuallywithagoodmorningoragoodevening.Once,seeinghimtryingtofixatallstreetlamp,I’dheldtheladderforhimtoclimb.Butthatwasprettymuchitforus:ageneralairoffriendliness,nothingmore.I’djustconcluded46yearslivinginNewYorkCity.ButnowI’mlivinginatowninItaly’sPugliaregion,andeveryonehereexceptmyfamilyisastranger.And,livinginthecountrysideaswedo,I’vestartedtosensepainsofbeingdisconnected.ThismomentthereforeseemedanopportunitytogettoknowDinoalittle.Icouldhavestayedbehindourgatestotalkwithhimthroughhisgates.ButinsteadIwentacrosstheroadtowardhim.IstoodinthestreettalkingwithDinoandhiswife,Grazia—IinEnglish,theyinItalian.Oneminutelatertheyinvitedmeinforatour.Herewasafigtree,bearingripefigs.Dinopickedafewofthefruits,toreoneinhalf,andputone-halfinhismouth.Hehandedmetheotherhalfandsignaledtometofollowsuit,andIdid.“Delicious!”Ideclared.IoncesawawonderfuldocumentaryaboutGregoryPeck.Init,theolderactortravelstoIrelandtomeethisnewgrandson.Butfirst,wanderingafield,hehappensuponafigtree.Hepicksafigandeatsitwithobviousdelight.Tome,thescenecapturesthesweetnessoflifeandhowsuchsweetnessisallaroundus—ifonlywe’dbothertoreachoutandtasteit.DinoandIrepeatedthissequencewithtreesbearingplumsandwalnuts,too—hepicking,Itasting.Despiteourdifferencesinlanguage—neitherofusknewmanyoftheother’swords—nothingimportantwaslost.Bothofusunderstoodallweneededtounderstand:thatnowweweretrueneighbors.4.Whatistheauthor’scurrentfeelingaboutthenewlivingsituation?A.Hefeelshappyandcontentwithhismove.B.Hefeelsseparatedandkindoflonelyinthenewtown.C.HefeelshomesickandwantstogobacktoNewYorkCity.D.Hefeelsthrilledtomeetnewpeopleinthenewcommunity.5.WhydidtheauthorcrosstheroadtowardDino?A.TohelpDinofixthestreetlamp. B.TobecomemorefamiliarwithDino.C.ToholdtheladderforDinotoclimb. D.ToavoidtalkingwithDinobehindthegates.6.WhatdidDinodowhileshowingtheauthoraround?A.Hepickedfruitsfortheauthortotaste. B.Heshowedoffhisprivatepossessions.C.Hetoldthestoryofhisfamilymembers. D.Hetaughttheauthorhowtoplantfruittrees.7.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoprovebyrecallingthedocumentary?A.Thefigisreallythesweetestfruit. B.Figtreescansurviveinanyplaces.C.Lifeisamixtureofsweetandbitter. D.Sweetnessexistsinlifeeverywhere.【答案】4.B5.B6.A7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。這篇文章講述了作者從紐約搬到意大利普利亞的故事，以及在一個(gè)新地方感到脫節(jié)的經(jīng)歷。作者與鄰居迪諾的互動(dòng)以及在迪諾花園的樹上收獲水果產(chǎn)生了一種真正的聯(lián)系和社區(qū)感，因?yàn)樗麄儼l(fā)現(xiàn)語言障礙與他們的新友誼無關(guān)，并得出結(jié)論，他們現(xiàn)在是真正的鄰居。作者用這種情況來評(píng)論生活的甜蜜，以及伸出手去體驗(yàn)它的必要性。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“I’djustconcluded46yearslivinginNewYorkCity.ButnowI’mlivinginatowninItaly’sPugliaregion,andeveryonehereexceptmyfamilyisastranger.And,livinginthecountrysideaswedo,I’vestartedtosensepainsofbeingdisconnected.(我剛剛結(jié)束了在紐約46年的生活。但現(xiàn)在我住在意大利普利亞地區(qū)的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)上，除了我的家人，這里的每個(gè)人都是陌生人。而且，像我們這樣生活在農(nóng)村，我開始感受到與外界隔絕的痛苦。)”可知，作者目前對(duì)新的生活狀況的感受是在新城市里感到孤獨(dú)。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“ThismomentthereforeseemedanopportunitytogettoknowDinoalittle.(因此，這似乎是一個(gè)稍微了解迪諾的機(jī)會(huì)。)”以及“ButinsteadIwentacrosstheroadtowardhim.IstoodinthestreettalkingwithDinoandhiswife,Grazia—IinEnglish,theyinItalian.Oneminutelatertheyinvitedmeinforatour.(但我卻穿過馬路朝他走去。我站在街上與迪諾和他的妻子格拉齊亞交談——我用英語，他們用意大利語。一分鐘后，他們邀請(qǐng)我進(jìn)去參觀。)”可知，作者穿過馬路跟迪諾說話，是因?yàn)橄胍嗟牧私馑?，跟他更熟悉一些。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段中“Herewasafigtree,bearingripefigs.Dinopickedafewofthefruits,toreoneinhalf,andputone-halfinhismouth.Hehandedmetheotherhalfandsignaledtometofollowsuit,andIdid.(這里有一棵無花果樹，樹上結(jié)滿了成熟的無花果。迪諾摘了一些水果，把一個(gè)撕成兩半，把一半放進(jìn)嘴里。他把另一半遞給我，示意我照做，我照做了。)”可知，在帶作者參觀的同時(shí)，迪諾還摘了一些無花果給作者品嘗。故選A。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段段中“Tome,thescenecapturesthesweetnessoflifeandhowsuchsweetnessisallaroundus—ifonlywe’dbothertoreachoutandtasteit.(對(duì)我來說，這一幕捕捉到了生活的甜蜜，以及這種甜蜜是如何圍繞著我們的——只要我們?cè)敢馍斐鍪秩テ穱L它。)”可知，作者想通過回憶這部紀(jì)錄片來證明生活中處處都有甜蜜。故選D。CThejackfruitisadeliciousfruitfoundthroughoutcertainpartsofAsia.Butthereismoretothefruitthanjustitstaste.Whenconsideringthefruit’sEnglishname,itiseasytobecomeoverwhelmedwithquestionslike:“WhoisJack?Andwhydoeshehavehisownfruit?”Surprisingly,“jackfruit”isn’taperson’snameatall.Thefruit’snameoriginallycomesfromthesouthernIndianwordchakkapazham,withIndiathoughttobethefruit’splaceoforigin.Portugueseexplorerswhojourneyedtothisregionwentontocallitjack,whichleadsustothecurrentEnglishnameofjackfruit,accordingtoNationalPublicRadio(NPR).Unfortunately,noonecalledJackhasbeenproventobeinvolvedatanypointinthisprocess.Thereisanotherfood,however,thatwasdirectlynamedafteraperson—thesandwich.Inthe18thcentury,playingcardgameslateintothenightbecamefashionableinBritishhighsociety.JohnMontagu,the4thEarlofSandwich,startedthehabitoforderingpiecesofcoldbeefbetweentwopiecesofbreadinordertogetalate-nightsnackwithouthavingtoleavethegamingtableoruseaknifeandfork.Thisnewly-createdsnackkepthandscleansocardplayerscouldcontinueonwithoutdirtyingtheircards.Themidnightsnackquicklybecamepopularamongeverydaypeople,andbeforelongeveryonewasmakingtheirownsandwiches.Thatishowthesandwichwasinventedandgotitsname.Awayfromtheworldoffood,therearemoreexamplesofnamesinspiredbypeople.Longjohns,thewarmtrousersthatkeepuswarminwinter,aresaidtohavebeennamedaftertheUSboxerJohnL.Sullivanwhotooktowearingasimilartypeofgarmentinthering(比賽).Therearemanyotherinterestingetymologies(詞源)intheEnglishlanguagelikethese.Sothenexttimeyoufindaninterestingname,whynotexploreitshistorytoo?8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“overwhelmed”inthefirstparagraphprobablymean?A.Puzzled. B.Excited. C.Worried. D.Annoyed.9.Wheredoesthejackfruit’snamecomefrom?A.AplaceinIndia. B.AnIndianword.C.APortugueseexplorer. D.Adiscovererofthefruit.10.Whatdoweknowaboutthesandwichaccordingtothetext?A.Itwasnamedafterapopularcardgame.B.Itwasonceeatenasasnackinthedaytime.C.ItwasfirstpopularamongtheUK’smiddleclass.D.Itwascreatedfortheconvenienceofplayingcards.11.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthisarticle?A.Toraisereaders’interestinetymology. B.Tointroducethingsnamedafterpeople.C.Tostresstheimportanceoflearninghistory. D.Toexplaintheeffectsofpeople’snamesonfood.【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了英語中一些單詞的起源以及背后的故事?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文““WhoisJack?Andwhydoeshehavehisownfruit?””可知，人們對(duì)這種水果的名字存在疑問“杰克是誰？他為什么有自己的果子呢？”，即對(duì)名字感到困惑。故劃線詞意思是“困惑的”。故選A。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thefruit’snameoriginallycomesfromthesouthernIndianwordchakkapazham,withIndiathoughttobethefruit’splaceoforigin.(這種水果的名字最初來自印度南部的單詞chakkapazham，印度被認(rèn)為是這種水果的原產(chǎn)地)”可知，杰克果的名字從一個(gè)印度詞來的。故選B?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Inthe18thcentury,playingcardgameslateintothenightbecamefashionableinBritishhighsociety.JohnMontagu,the4thEarlofSandwich,startedthehabitoforderingpiecesofcoldbeefbetweentwopiecesofbreadinordertogetalate-nightsnackwithouthavingtoleavethegamingtableoruseaknifeandfork.(在18世紀(jì)，打牌玩到深夜在英國上流社會(huì)成為一種時(shí)尚。三明治伯爵四世JohnMontagu養(yǎng)成了把冷牛肉夾在兩片面包之間點(diǎn)餐的習(xí)慣，這樣就不用離開賭桌或使用刀叉就能吃到夜宵)”可知，三明治是為了方便打牌而發(fā)明的。故選D。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Therearemanyotherinterestingetymologies(詞源)intheEnglishlanguagelikethese.Sothenexttimeyoufindaninterestingname,whynotexploreitshistorytoo?(在英語中還有許多其他像這些有趣的詞源。所以，下次當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)有趣的名字時(shí)，為什么不去探索一下它的歷史呢？)”可推知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是提高讀者對(duì)詞源學(xué)的興趣。故選A。DIfhumansdowanttosetupcommunitiesonthemoonorotherplanets,whatwilltheyeat?Anewtesthasbeguntoseeifmeatcellscangrow.GrowingmeatfromcellsevenonEarthisn’teasy.Cellsfromacow(thoughitcouldbeanyanimal)arefedthethingstheyneedtogrow,likeaminoacidsandcarbohydrate.Thecellsmultiplyuntilmuscletissueforms,andeventuallybecomesmeatthatyoucaneat.Thisprocessiscalled“cultivation(培養(yǎng))”.Themeatisgrownintanksthatlookmorelikewhatyou’dfindinabrewerythanafarmyard.Thelife-cycleofananimalraisedformeat—birth,lifeandkill—iscompletelyignored.“Animalcellsgrowslowly,”saysDavidHumbird,achemicalengineer.“Ifbacteriaweretogetintothecultivation,itwouldgrowmuchfasterfromanimalcellsanditwilljusttakeoversoyouaren’tmakingtheanimalcellsanymore.Youaremakingbacteria.Andyouhavetothrowitaway,”saysMrHumbird.“Thosecellsthatarethemselvesgrownoneatablematerialaregoingtobesugar,aminoacidsandwater.Andthecaloricvalueofthecellsthatyoumakewillalwaysbelessthanthat.Atthebestcaseyoucouldprobablyrecover25%ofthecalorieandeatthemasfood.Sothequestionis,whywouldyoudragallthosecalorieintospacejusttowaste75%ofthem?”KarenNybergisaformerastronaut.Shesaysfoodplaysacrucialroleinspacemissions.“Foodlikepowderedmilkandthatsortofthingcomesasaregularsourceforastronauts,andmeatproducedinspaceisjustsomethingwedon’thave.Soanythinglikethatmakesusfeelgreatandeasesourpressure.”ForMsNyberg,freshfoodandvegetablesarevitalifhumansareexpectedtobeawayfromEarthforyearsatatime.CertainlyifhumanityisseriousaboutputtingpeopleonMars,howtofeedastronautswithnutrient-richfoodthatdoesn’tspoil—andtastesgood—isanimportantanddifficultmystery.12.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thetasteoflab-grownmeat. B.Thereasonsforgrowingmeatinspace.C.Thepotentialbenefitsofgrowingmeat. D.Theprocessofgrowingmeatfromcowcells.13.WhatisDavidHumbird’sattitudetowardgrowingmeatinspace?A.Optimistic. B.Supportive. C.Disapproving. D.Indifferent.14.WhatcanweinferfromwhatKarensaid?A.Eatingisalwaysaproblemforastronauts.B.FoodtastesmuchbetterinspacethanonEarth.C.Growingmeatdoesgoodtoastronauts’mentalhealth.D.Astronautssufferfrommentalillnessesafterlongspacetasks.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Canmeatbegrowninspace? B.Canastronautsenjoymeatinspace?C.Canmeatinspacebedelicioustoeat? D.Canlab-grownmeathelptackleclimate?【答案】12.D13.C14.C15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章討論了人類在月球或其他行星建立社區(qū)時(shí)如何供應(yīng)食物的問題，測(cè)試是否可以在這些條件下培養(yǎng)肉類細(xì)胞，不同的人對(duì)此擁有不同的觀點(diǎn)?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“Cellsfromacow(thoughitcouldbeanyanimal)arefedthethingstheyneedtogrow,likeaminoacidsandcarbohydrate.Thecellsmultiplyuntilmuscletissueforms,andeventuallybecomesmeatthatyoucaneat.Thisprocessiscalled“cultivation(培養(yǎng))”.Themeatisgrownintanksthatlookmorelikewhatyou’dfindinabrewerythanafarmyard.Thelife-cycleofananimalraisedformeat—birth,lifeandkill—iscompletelyignored.(來自牛的細(xì)胞(盡管它可能是任何動(dòng)物)被喂食它們生長(zhǎng)所需的物質(zhì)，如氨基酸和碳水化合物。這些細(xì)胞不斷繁殖，直到形成肌肉組織，最終變成你可以吃的肉。這個(gè)過程被稱為“培育”。)”可知，本段主要介紹了用牛的細(xì)胞培育肉的過程。故選D?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中Humbird說的“Thosecellsthatarethemselvesgrownoneatablematerialaregoingtobesugar,aminoacidsandwater.Andthecaloricvalueofthecellsthatyoumakewillalwaysbelessthanthat.Atthebestcaseyoucouldprobablyrecover25%ofthecalorieandeatthemasfood.Sothequestionis,whywouldyoudragallthosecalorieintospacejusttowaste75%ofthem?(“那些在可食用物質(zhì)上生長(zhǎng)的細(xì)胞將是糖、氨基酸和水。生成的細(xì)胞的熱值總是小于這個(gè)值。在最好的情況下，你可能可以恢復(fù)25%的卡路里，并把它們作為食物吃。所以問題是，為什么你要把所有這些卡路里都拖進(jìn)太空，浪費(fèi)其中的75%呢?”)”可知，Humbird認(rèn)為在太空中生產(chǎn)肉類浪費(fèi)的部分要比可用的部分更大，所以DavidHumbird對(duì)其態(tài)度是不贊同的。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Shesaysfoodplaysacrucialroleinspacemissions.Foodlikepowderedmilkandthatsortofthingcomesasaregularsourceforastronauts,andmeatproducedinspaceisjustsomethingwedon’thave.Soanythinglikethatmakesusfeelgreatandeasesourpressure.(她說，食物在太空任務(wù)中起著至關(guān)重要的作用。像奶粉這樣的食物是宇航員的常規(guī)食物來源，而在太空中生產(chǎn)的肉類是我們沒有的。所以這樣的事情會(huì)讓我們感覺很好，減輕我們的壓力。)”可知，KarenNyberg認(rèn)為在太空中生產(chǎn)肉類可以增加宇航員們食物，這樣的食物讓人感覺好，減輕壓力，因此推斷即對(duì)宇航員的心理健康有益。故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Ifhumansdowanttosetupcommunitiesonthemoonorotherplanets,whatwilltheyeat?Anewtesthasbeguntoseeifmeatcellscangrow.(如果人類真的想在月球或其他星球上建立社區(qū)，他們吃什么?一項(xiàng)新的測(cè)試已經(jīng)開始，看看肉細(xì)胞是否能生長(zhǎng)。)”以及通讀全文可知，文章討論了肉細(xì)胞是否可以在太空條件下培養(yǎng)的問題。A選項(xiàng)“Canmeatbegrowninspace?(肉能在太空中培養(yǎng)嗎?)”概括文章內(nèi)容。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題分,滿分分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng).選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng).Supposeyourcellphonefallsintothewateraccidentally,itisoftenpossibletosaveit.Timeisessential.____16____However,therearesomepracticalwaysyoucantry.Removethebattery.Aftergettingbackyourcellphonefromthewater,thenextthingtodoistoremovethebatteryimmediately.____17____Thebatteryitselfmightnotworkagain,butitcanbereplacedfairlyinexpensively.Takeitapart.Ifyouhavedroppedyourcellphoneinwater,itisalsohelpfultotakeitapart,ifyoucan,andletallofthepartsdryseparately.____18____Ifitisdifficultforyou,youcanseekprofessionalhelp.____19____Ifyoudropyourcellphoneinwaterthatisn’tpureoranotherliquid,washthephonewithfreshwaterafteryoutakeoutthebattery.Remember!Aquickwashinfreshwaterisunlikelytodoanyfurtherdamage,butsalt,sugarorothermaterialsmight.Besides,analcoholbathwillremovemineralsandothersimilarsubstance.Letitdry.Afteryourphoneisclean,leaveitinawarm,dryareaornearanairconditionerforatleastthreedaysbeforeyouattempttoreplacethebatteryandturniton.____20____Puttingyourcellphoneinacontainerfullofdryricegrainsalsocanhelpdryitout.Makesurethatthericecompletelycoversthephone.A.Avoidmineraldamage.B.Putmineralsinfreshwater.C.Justbesurethatyouknowhowtoputthembacktogether.D.Ifreplacingthebatteriesdoesn’twork,havethecellphonefixedimmediately.E.Thisreducedtheriskofashortcircuit(短路)thatwouldleaveyourphoneuseless.F.Leavingacellphoneinwaterforevenafewsecondsmightdamageitbeyondrepair.G.Thisisbecausetheslightestwatervaporcanreactwiththebatteryandcauseittoshortcircuit.【答案】16.F17.E18.C19.A20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章的主要內(nèi)容是關(guān)于如何拯救手機(jī)遇水的情況，并給出了一些建議和方法來最大程度地減少損害并盡量恢復(fù)手機(jī)的功能。【16題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Supposeyourcellphonefallsintothewateraccidentally,itisoftenpossibletosaveit.Timeisessential.(假設(shè)你的手機(jī)不小心掉入水中，通常可以拯救它。時(shí)間至關(guān)重要。)”可知，手機(jī)掉水里時(shí)間至關(guān)重要，說明手機(jī)容易損壞，與F項(xiàng)“Leavingacellphoneinwaterforevenafewsecondsmightdamageitbeyondrepair.(將手機(jī)放在水中幾秒鐘可能會(huì)損壞它，無法修復(fù)。)”上下文一致，故選F項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Removethebattery.Aftergettingbackyourcellphonefromthewater,thenextthingtodoistoremovethebatteryimmediately.(取出電池。從水中取出手機(jī)后，接下來要做的就是立即取出電池。)”可知本段主要內(nèi)容與取出泡水的手機(jī)電池有關(guān)，推測(cè)下文可能會(huì)說明原因，與E項(xiàng)“Thisreducedtheriskofashortcircuit(短路)thatwouldleaveyourphoneuseless.(這降低了短路的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，短路使您的手機(jī)無法使用。)”上下文一致，故選E項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Ifyouhavedroppedyourcellphoneinwater,itisalsohelpfultotakeitapart,ifyoucan,andletallofthepartsdryseparately.(如果您將手機(jī)掉入水中，如果可以的話，將其拆開并讓所有部件分別干燥也很有幫助。)”可知本段主要講述了泡水的手機(jī)可以拆開干燥，結(jié)合空后“Ifitisdifficultforyou,youcanseekprofessionalhelp.(如果您遇到困難，您可以尋求專業(yè)幫助。)”可知空前應(yīng)為如果您決定拆開手機(jī)讓它干燥，重要的是要了解并具備正確的組裝知識(shí)和技能。如果在沒有正確理解的情況下拆卸手機(jī)，可能會(huì)造成進(jìn)一步的損壞，或?qū)е率謾C(jī)在干燥后無法正常工作。與C項(xiàng)“Justbesurethatyouknowhowtoputthembacktogether.(只要確保你知道如何將它們重新組合在一起。)”上下文一致，故選C項(xiàng)。19題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Ifyoudropyourcellphoneinwaterthatisn’tpureoranotherliquid,washthephonewithfreshwaterafteryoutakeoutthebattery.Remember!Aquickwashinfreshwaterisunlikelytodoanyfurtherdamage,butsalt,sugarorothermaterialsmight.Besides,analcoholbathwillremovemineralsandothersimilarsubstance.(如果您將手機(jī)掉落在不純凈的水或其他液體中，請(qǐng)?jiān)谌〕鲭姵睾笥们逅逑词謾C(jī)。記得！在淡水中快速清洗不太可能造成任何進(jìn)一步的損害，但鹽、糖或其他材料可能會(huì)造成任何損害。此外，酒精浴將去除礦物質(zhì)和其他類似物質(zhì)。)”可知，如果手機(jī)掉入的不是純凈的水，例如海水或含有其他物質(zhì)的液體，建議用清水清洗手機(jī)。這有助于去除手機(jī)上的礦物質(zhì)或其他可能造成損害的物質(zhì)。與A項(xiàng)“Avoidmineraldamage.(避免礦物質(zhì)損傷。)”上下文一致，故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Afteryourphoneisclean,leaveitinawarm,dryareaornearanairconditionerforatleastthreedaysbeforeyouattempttoreplacethebatteryandturniton.(清潔手機(jī)后，請(qǐng)將其放在溫暖干燥的地方或空調(diào)附近至少三天，然后再嘗試更換電池并打開它。)”及下文“Puttingyourcellphoneinacontainerfullofdryricegrainsalsocanhelpdryitout.Makesurethatthericecompletelycoversthephone.(將手機(jī)放入裝滿干米粒的容器中也有助于將其干燥。確保米飯完全覆蓋手機(jī)。)”可知，手機(jī)要干燥，空處應(yīng)是手機(jī)要干燥的原因，與G項(xiàng)“Thisisbecausetheslightestwatervaporcanreactwiththebatteryandcauseittoshortcircuit.(這是因?yàn)樽钶p微的水蒸氣會(huì)與電池發(fā)生反應(yīng)并導(dǎo)致其短路。)”上下文一致，故選G項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng).Whilehavingawalkwithmyhusbandtoenjoyautumnweather,Inoticedacarhadbrokendown.Westoppedtooffer____21____However,otherssimplywalkedaway.Wehaveachoicetohelpor____22____certainsituations,butwouldn’ttheworldbeamuchbetterplace,ifwechoosenottolookaway?Forexample,whenweseeinjustice(不公平)aredone,shallwejuststandbyorgetourselves____23____?Whenwefindsomeoneisunfairlytreatedorjudgedfortheappearance,shallwesilently____24____ourheadsorstandupstraight?Societyassumeditis____25____tolookaway,butweallneedtolearnnottowhetheritisduetocoldness,fearorignorance.Yearsago,Ihelpedagirlwhohadfallenoffherbikeandgaveherwordsof____26____whileakindstrangerwascallingtheambulance.Shortlyafter,our____27____relievedherpain.Everybodyelse—passers-by,cyclistsanddrivers____28____juststaredatusastheywentby.Anothertime,Ididnot____29____tostopbeforeadeadcatandthemaninthecarbehindme____30____helpedmecarrythecattothegrassyvergebeforeit____31____thedangerofgettingflattened.ThenIknockedondoorstryingtofindand____32____theowner.However,Ifounditevenmorefrustratingtoseethe____33____ofcommunity.Maywechoosenottolookawaywhentheopportunity____34____Wemayverywellbeanangelorheroforsomebodywhoneedsourhelporsimply____35____somebody’sdaywithameresmile.21.A.assistance B.reward C.prospect D.explanation22.A.recognize B.prevent C.ignore D.monitor23.A.involved B.buried C.interested D.absorbed24.A.raise B.nod C.lower D.cover25.A.cruel B.normal C.impolite D.realistic26.A.preference B.vigor C.forgiveness D.comfort27.A.ability B.effort C.faith D.method28.A.alike B.alone C.particularly D.regularly29.A.follow B.wander C.attempt D.hesitate30.A.moderately B.voluntarily C.formally D.slightly31.A.risked B.perceived C.distinguished D.reduced32.A.convince B.guarantee C.inform D.warn33.A.lack B.strength C.existence D.regulation34.A.responds B.displays C.arises D.disappears35.A.putsupwith B.benefitsfrom C.dealswith D.brightensup【答案】21.A22.C23.A24.C25.B26.D27.B28.A29.D30.B31.A32.C33.A34.C35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述了作者在日常生活中遇到的一些情境，提出了選擇幫助他人或選擇漠視的問題。作者認(rèn)為選擇幫助他人而不是漠視他們可以讓世界變得更美好。通過舉例子和個(gè)人經(jīng)歷，作者強(qiáng)調(diào)了我們應(yīng)該選擇去關(guān)注和幫助他人，而不是置之不理?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們停下來提供幫助。A.assistance幫助；B.reward回報(bào)，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；C.prospect前景；D.explanation解釋。根據(jù)上文“Inoticedacarhadbrokendown”可知作者注意到一輛壞了的汽車，停下來提供幫助。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們可以選擇幫助或忽略某些情況，但如果我們選擇不去漠視，世界不是會(huì)變得更美好嗎？A.recognize識(shí)別；B.prevent阻止；C.ignore忽視；D.monitor。根據(jù)“tohelpor____2____certainsituations”及“butwouldn’ttheworldbeamuchbetterplace,ifwechoosenottolookaway?”可知，在某些情況下我們選擇幫助還是忽視，如果我們選擇不去漠視，世界是否會(huì)變得更美好。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：例如，當(dāng)看到不公平的待遇，我們應(yīng)該參與還是袖手旁觀。A.involved參與；B.buried埋藏；C.interested使感興趣；D.absorbed吸收。根據(jù)“shallwejuststandbyorgetourselves____3____?”可知是與standby相對(duì)應(yīng)，我們我們應(yīng)該參與，故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)有人因外貌受到不公正對(duì)待時(shí)，我們是應(yīng)該低下頭沉默還是站直身子。A.raise抬頭；B.nod點(diǎn)頭；C.lower降低；D.cover覆蓋。根據(jù)“shallwesilently____4____ourheadsorstandupstraight?”可知是與standupstraight項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)，應(yīng)是低下頭沉默還是站直身子，故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：社會(huì)認(rèn)為漠視是正常的，但我們都需要學(xué)會(huì)不去漠視，無論是出于冷漠、恐懼還是無知。A.cruel殘忍；B.normal正常；C.impolite不禮貌；D.realistic現(xiàn)實(shí)的。根據(jù)“butweallneedtolearnnottowhetheritisduetocoldness,fearorignorance.”可知，前文意思與下文相反，社會(huì)認(rèn)為漠視是正常的，但是我們不能那么做，無論是否是因?yàn)槔淠⒖謶只驘o知而去忽視別人遭受的不公正對(duì)待，故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：幾年前，我?guī)椭艘粋€(gè)從自行車上摔下來的女孩，并在一個(gè)好心的陌生人叫救護(hù)車時(shí)給了她安慰的話。A.preference偏好；B.vigor活力；C.forgiveness寬??；D.comfort舒適，安慰。根據(jù)前文“agirlwhohadfallenoff”可知，小女孩從車子上摔下來，好心人打電話的同時(shí)作者是給予了語言上的安慰，故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：不久之后，我們的努力減輕了她的痛苦。A.ability能力；B.effort努力；C.faith信仰；D.