第八章會(huì)計(jì)信息與應(yīng)用

會(huì)計(jì)信息分析與應(yīng)用1會(huì)計(jì)信息分析的需求與供給會(huì)計(jì)信息分析的基本步驟會(huì)計(jì)信息分析的基本方法財(cái)務(wù)比率的綜合分析會(huì)計(jì)信息分析與應(yīng)用應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題本講內(nèi)容提要2會(huì)計(jì)信息——真呼？假呼？假作真時(shí)真亦假；無(wú)為有處有還無(wú)?！苎┣邸都t樓夢(mèng)》歷史成本管理人員主觀傾向信息不對(duì)稱(chēng)…3會(huì)謊計(jì)牲信裳息軌分戲析艇的徒需批求呈與艇供利給企業(yè)管理部門(mén)企業(yè)外部投資者政府管制部門(mén)需求各機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)部人員獨(dú)立的分析人士供給4會(huì)忠計(jì)今信包息未分鞋析柴的第基遮本漂步苦驟回答分析問(wèn)題制定分析方案整理分析資料明確分析目標(biāo)收集資料5會(huì)沙計(jì)岔信轟息枝分演析姓的殲基童本戚方轉(zhuǎn)法比較分析法:以企業(yè)當(dāng)年所編制的財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表信息為依據(jù)，與前期、計(jì)劃及同行業(yè)或資本市場(chǎng)平均水平等指標(biāo)進(jìn)行對(duì)比，提供有關(guān)企業(yè)當(dāng)期經(jīng)營(yíng)業(yè)績(jī)大致變化水平的信息。公司間比較分析公司內(nèi)部比較分析趨勢(shì)分析結(jié)構(gòu)分析6比責(zé)較長(zhǎng)分地析上法局示惕例耕—慈趨核勢(shì)矛分扁析7比疏較任分固析烈法領(lǐng)示氧例卸—背結(jié)眾構(gòu)壤分進(jìn)析8會(huì)警計(jì)訂信穴息噴分盤(pán)析投的牽基暴本號(hào)方摔法比率分析:是指利用同一時(shí)期財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表中兩項(xiàng)相關(guān)數(shù)值之比來(lái)揭示企業(yè)的財(cái)務(wù)狀況、經(jīng)營(yíng)成果及相關(guān)項(xiàng)目之間內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的分析方法。盈利能力分析運(yùn)營(yíng)效率分析短期償債能力分析長(zhǎng)期償債能力分析股東盈利能力分析9盈蹄利忘能暫力巖分舍析資產(chǎn)回報(bào)率息前利潤(rùn)平均總資產(chǎn)息前利潤(rùn)凈利潤(rùn)+利息費(fèi)用（1-稅率）凈資產(chǎn)回報(bào)率凈利潤(rùn)平均所有者權(quán)益邊際利潤(rùn)率毛利潤(rùn)銷(xiāo)售收入凈額1吐01慨1分揭析曠安螞樂(lè)茄居億公怪司等盈仔利律能告力資產(chǎn)回報(bào)率3,061/[(26,394+21,385)/2]=12.81%息前利潤(rùn)3,044+28*(1-1,913/4,957)=3,061凈資產(chǎn)回報(bào)率3,044/[(18,082+15,004)/2]=18.40%邊際利潤(rùn)率16,147/53,553=30.15%注擁意滿(mǎn):羽會(huì)溫計(jì)鍬數(shù)該字趣是磁會(huì)你計(jì)估政漏策碗選盟擇抹的麗結(jié)蹲果鬧,因渣此單回閘報(bào)揉率琴的壘計(jì)掠算倆會(huì)澆受仔管雖理滔人吩員己主喂觀傾他向皂的膝影男響莊。1禮2資土產(chǎn)纏運(yùn)溜營(yíng)委效冬率屠分閥析應(yīng)收賬款周轉(zhuǎn)率（次數(shù)）銷(xiāo)售收入凈額應(yīng)收賬款平均余額應(yīng)收賬款平均收賬期應(yīng)收賬款平均余額銷(xiāo)售收入凈額X365365應(yīng)收賬款周轉(zhuǎn)率存貨周轉(zhuǎn)率（次數(shù)）銷(xiāo)售成本平均存貨存貨平均周轉(zhuǎn)天數(shù)平均存貨銷(xiāo)售成本X365365存貨周轉(zhuǎn)率應(yīng)付賬款周轉(zhuǎn)率（次數(shù)）購(gòu)貨成本應(yīng)付賬款平均余額應(yīng)付帳款平均周轉(zhuǎn)天數(shù)應(yīng)付賬款平均余額購(gòu)貨成本X365365周轉(zhuǎn)次數(shù)總資產(chǎn)周轉(zhuǎn)率銷(xiāo)售收入凈額總資產(chǎn)平均余額1左3分衛(wèi)析零安帝樂(lè)腫居甚公森司厚資靈產(chǎn)訪運(yùn)嗽營(yíng)揮效知率應(yīng)收賬款周轉(zhuǎn)率（次數(shù)）53,553/[(920+835)/2]=61.03

應(yīng)收賬款平均收賬期365/61.03=5.98存貨周轉(zhuǎn)率（次數(shù)）37,406/[(6,725+6,556)/2]=5.58存貨平均周轉(zhuǎn)天數(shù)365/5.58=65.43總資產(chǎn)周轉(zhuǎn)率53,553/[(26,294+21,385)/2]=2.24注獻(xiàn)意爺：癥對(duì)錯(cuò)季港節(jié)匯性混經(jīng)執(zhí)營(yíng)福的幅公低司梳而把言剝，舊資徒產(chǎn)呆負(fù)腦債傻表瓦項(xiàng)奴目斧余汪額禾可隱能忙并腦不援代感表約平梁均除水叼平扎。1觀4短役期捧償撫債鹿能墓力嫂（霧流伸動(dòng)幟性諷）抓分?jǐn)R析流動(dòng)比率流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)流動(dòng)負(fù)債速動(dòng)比率速動(dòng)資產(chǎn)流動(dòng)負(fù)債速動(dòng)資產(chǎn)指隨時(shí)可以變現(xiàn)的資產(chǎn)，包括現(xiàn)金短期投資、應(yīng)收賬款和應(yīng)收票據(jù)?，F(xiàn)金比率現(xiàn)金+有價(jià)證券流動(dòng)負(fù)債速動(dòng)資產(chǎn)夠用天數(shù)速動(dòng)資產(chǎn)每日經(jīng)營(yíng)支出1傍5分蕩析賀安劑樂(lè)哨居藏公怨司離短忙期喪償售債威能帶力流動(dòng)比率10,361/6,501=1.59速動(dòng)比率(2,447+69+920)/6,501=0.53現(xiàn)金比率2,447/6,501=0.38當(dāng)左心苦速膛動(dòng)管比錦率吵與賓現(xiàn)棵金陶比休率晝！1層6長(zhǎng)害期鋪償瞎債遲能餡力璃(耳資冤本漂結(jié)千構(gòu)籃)燈分椒析資產(chǎn)負(fù)債率負(fù)債總額資產(chǎn)總額負(fù)債權(quán)益比率負(fù)債總額所有者權(quán)益總額利息保障倍數(shù)息稅前利潤(rùn)利息費(fèi)用息稅前利潤(rùn)稅前利潤(rùn)+利息費(fèi)用1鼠7分驚析難安抵樂(lè)談居怒公預(yù)司撿長(zhǎng)扔期嗽?xún)斦讉樐茇埩Y產(chǎn)負(fù)債率8,312/26,394=0.31負(fù)債權(quán)益比率8,312/18,082=0.46利息保障倍數(shù)4985/28=178.04息稅前利潤(rùn)4,957+28=4,985看卷起蒙來(lái)僑不掏錯(cuò)黑！1飾8股詞東行回楊報(bào)虜率臉—受每娃股總收閥益勁(擴(kuò)E分P污S不)E碧P六S可棋能幕是塔股虛票耽投芽資疫者廳最敞為炊關(guān)燃注洲的殺數(shù)碗字醒!*既假夸設(shè)桐流邪通掌在怖外糾股壓票添加斷權(quán)島平淹均燈數(shù)跑為毯2螺3杏3痕5且.EPS=普通股股東所享利潤(rùn)加權(quán)平均流通在外股份數(shù)EPS=3,0442,335*=1.301躲9股賀東載回籍報(bào)徐率逮—達(dá)每從股吸現(xiàn)異金陰回裳報(bào)每也股銜現(xiàn)撲金弊回飾報(bào)比精較漏每顏股妖凈敬現(xiàn)糟金鏡和震E憲P示S忙有為助獎(jiǎng)于全判腳斷慘公達(dá)司蠻的勤利匹潤(rùn)孟是協(xié)會(huì)言計(jì)灑政泳策餅管優(yōu)理親的搜結(jié)補(bǔ)果燒,鍵還絞是謀產(chǎn)南品溪銷(xiāo)這售汗收歲現(xiàn)沈的仆結(jié)提果養(yǎng).每股凈現(xiàn)金=經(jīng)營(yíng)現(xiàn)金流量-優(yōu)先股股利加權(quán)平均流通在外股份數(shù)每股凈現(xiàn)金=3,710*2,335=1.59*窗假快設(shè)鍵安棟樂(lè)橋居根公凍司按當(dāng)溪年走經(jīng)錘營(yíng)固現(xiàn)陳金診流聰量淚為鼻3袋,絞7歡1吧0遼元許.2湊0股災(zāi)東銀回袖報(bào)懷分犧析筐—青市科盈齡率冶(接P副/油E尸)市苦盈垮率的衡幣量乓股說(shuō)票剖市臘價(jià)哈和捐股懸票乏賬卷面由收副益襖之腐間廣的灘關(guān)疤系號(hào).*芬假野設(shè)刺安脖樂(lè)煎居覽公需司港的榨股趁票役價(jià)條格組為噸4楊6底.遞3特1遇元蛙.市盈率=股票價(jià)格EPS市盈率=46.311.30=35.62療1股唯東報(bào)回妹報(bào)系分吃析勾—明股酬利爺支爛付驅(qū)率股概利王支搏付考率營(yíng)主置要舞衡象量立在送普稠通賓股燦的幅每蹤蝶股湊收予益劈燕中捏，有塵多蝴大海比抬例室用贈(zèng)于芒支丹付件股暴利憂(yōu)。股利支付率＝現(xiàn)金股利凈利潤(rùn)-優(yōu)先股股利2況2財(cái)劃務(wù)悲比陷率絕的戲綜懸合惰分柔析雀—袖杜慈邦謀分忽析凈利潤(rùn)銷(xiāo)售收入凈額

凈利潤(rùn)凈資產(chǎn)回報(bào)率=銷(xiāo)售利潤(rùn)率X總資產(chǎn)周轉(zhuǎn)率X財(cái)務(wù)杠桿凈利潤(rùn)平均所有者權(quán)益銷(xiāo)售收入凈額平均總資產(chǎn)平均總資產(chǎn)平均所有者權(quán)益2妻3財(cái)鍋務(wù)猾比曬率家的界綜召合乖分天析袍—杰杜剪邦賓分尾析銷(xiāo)售利潤(rùn)率=3,044/53,553=5.68%財(cái)務(wù)杠桿=(26,394+21,385)/(18,082+15,004)=1.44凈資產(chǎn)回報(bào)率=銷(xiāo)售利潤(rùn)率X總資產(chǎn)周轉(zhuǎn)率X財(cái)務(wù)杠桿18.38%=5.68%X2.24X1.442剩4參利照密標(biāo)喚準(zhǔn)敗問(wèn)鋼題其擴(kuò)他貓公判司競(jìng)脾爭(zhēng)欲對(duì)坡手行蠶業(yè)晚數(shù)奴據(jù)經(jīng)捆驗(yàn)析數(shù)屬據(jù)…會(huì)邁計(jì)裁信域息妥分地析熄應(yīng)吧注行意挽的愁問(wèn)柔題2戲5會(huì)舒計(jì)衰信嘆息域的考局讀限海性歷唉史叉信蜓息貨攝幣誤計(jì)舍量會(huì)壺計(jì)估選京擇會(huì)賽計(jì)舍假睡設(shè)…會(huì)噸計(jì)晚信損息撇分奴析候應(yīng)充注趙意扁的仇問(wèn)創(chuàng)題2旺6連蠟續(xù)拘事媽項(xiàng)與非倉(cāng)連壞續(xù)兔事匙項(xiàng)會(huì)贈(zèng)計(jì)竭信確息胞分罰析醬應(yīng)判注遺意長(zhǎng)的柔問(wèn)伏題2兩7可紛控神事簽項(xiàng)與不歉可惑控婚事達(dá)項(xiàng)會(huì)畫(huà)計(jì)所信勒息案分蛙析潑應(yīng)則注勾意辛的充問(wèn)養(yǎng)題2績(jī)8單禾一煌經(jīng)以營(yíng)與多姜元折化孫經(jīng)瓣?duì)I會(huì)福計(jì)這信繪息牛分鐵析倦應(yīng)堅(jiān)注瞧意暈的鴉問(wèn)挨題2杰9本仿講發(fā)小毫結(jié)會(huì)趨計(jì)存信拐息森分沸析債有膊著悲廣誼泛散的謹(jǐn)供逗給滾和擔(dān)需族求船基格礎(chǔ)紅。會(huì)注計(jì)纏信熊息兵分送析羨的險(xiǎn)基江本不方日法析包超括畜比不較腳分裁析辭法扒、捆比丸率跟分計(jì)析盲法認(rèn)、鞋綜鵲合婚分房誠(chéng)析乞法局等依。會(huì)團(tuán)計(jì)希信較息忠分野析睬應(yīng)素注踩意么由廁參延照調(diào)標(biāo)綿準(zhǔn)擱、剖會(huì)助計(jì)丹信績(jī)息村本另身默的均局淚限俯、迷會(huì)鑒計(jì)迷信端息榴的基連瞧續(xù)真性泳、兔以漏及緣瑞會(huì)荷計(jì)鴨信港息猶的距可長(zhǎng)控狂性丸等果問(wèn)抖題客。3散0課糕堂牽討躍論主引營(yíng)排業(yè)魄務(wù)手收層入滴和籍利蓋潤(rùn)看總歐額任出捉現(xiàn)碌超暫常罩規(guī)霜增據(jù)長(zhǎng)霸?應(yīng)鴿收墳帳并款頃、當(dāng)存我貨芬和罩固軟定癢資淹產(chǎn)圾增廚長(zhǎng)角過(guò)任快挺?缺嶼乏扔相堂應(yīng)謀的努現(xiàn)餐金健流映入縣?中貴集箭集受團(tuán)旋作豎為嘩中念國(guó)懷股續(xù)市疲第紀(jì)一膽績(jī)掙優(yōu)怨股海，姥自嗓然咸而黨然若也遠(yuǎn)就流成塞為窯了蛾萬(wàn)貸眾顧注大目慮的私焦蟻點(diǎn)嚇。納從劍中同集獄發(fā)墓展甜歷主程渾來(lái)旨看念，富以否2葵0請(qǐng)0蒙4捆年炒為躁分膀水替嶺義，誰(shuí)之住前御屬孔于翁穩(wěn)藍(lán)定融快簡(jiǎn)速命增蘿長(zhǎng)食時(shí)仿期勸，婦基滴本物符早合營(yíng)市全場(chǎng)岸預(yù)刊期優(yōu)，臘之筑后誰(shuí)則顛因折為漿利無(wú)潤(rùn)蚊的鴨“拌爆銅