高中英語(yǔ)不定式及練習(xí)題

EnglishGrammarTheInfinitive不定式語(yǔ)態(tài)

時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進(jìn)行式tobedoing/完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoing/一般式:表示與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之后。

Heseemstoknowit.Shewishestopassthecomingexam.完成式:表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前。

HeseemstohavebeentoJapan.HeissaidtohavejoinedthePartyin1943.進(jìn)行式：表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的同時(shí),不定式的動(dòng)作也正在進(jìn)行。

HepretendedtobesleepingwhenIentered.完成進(jìn)行式:表示不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前,并且目前還在進(jìn)行。

We’rehappytohavebeen

workingwithyou.Heissaidtohavebeenlivingherefor6decades.不定式的否定：not+不定式Hepretendednottoseemewhenpassingbyme.Heseemsnottohavebeen

there.1.作主語(yǔ)2.作表語(yǔ)3.作定語(yǔ)5.作賓補(bǔ)不定式6.作狀語(yǔ)7.作同位語(yǔ)8.作獨(dú)立成分4.作賓語(yǔ)2.作表語(yǔ)：

Mywishistogoabroadforfurtherstudies.3.作定語(yǔ),表示要干的事：

Ihaveacompositiontowrite.Thehousetobebuiltnextyearis150squaremetres.一、不定式可作以下句子成分：1.作主語(yǔ),亦可用it作形式主語(yǔ)：Totakeexerciseeverydayisbeneficialtohealth.

Itisnecessarytolearnmaths.5.做賓補(bǔ)：Iwantmydaughtertoplaythepianoforanhoureveryday.Withlotsofworktodo,hehadtogiveupthetriptotheGreatWall.

注：有些動(dòng)詞后跟不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ),比如have,make,watch,see,hear,let,notice等。We’llhavehimspeak

attomorrow’smeeting.4.做賓語(yǔ)：HewantstoenterTsinghuaUniversity.

有些動(dòng)詞可用it作形式賓語(yǔ),而把真正的賓語(yǔ)不定式放在后面：Ithinkitnecessarytoexerciseeveryday.6.作狀語(yǔ)：1)表示目的:Tokeephisfamily,heworked12hoursaday.Heroseearlysoas

tocatchthe8:30train.He’seconomicalwithmeatinordertopayoffthedebts.2)表示結(jié)果：Hewokeuptofindhiswalletmissing.Iwenttoseehimonlytofindhimout.Hewalkedtoofast(forme)tocatchupwith.Hewalkedsofastasnottotakenoticeofme.Heissuchagoodkidastobelovedbyallofus.3)表示程度:Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.Hespokefastenoughformenottounderstand.Thequestioniseasyenoughforhertoanswer.4)表示原因:Hewassurprisedtohearthenews.Shewepttothinkofherdeadmother.5)表示條件:

Toturntotheleft,youcouldfindacinema.7.作同位語(yǔ):Hiswishtoenterafamousuniversityiscertaintocometrue.Ourgeneraltask,tobuildChinaintoapowerfulcountry,willsurelybecompleted.8.作獨(dú)立成分:

Totellyouthetruth,Iamwornout.

Tostartwith,onbehalfoftheschool,Igiveyouawarmwelcome.

Tobehonest,Idislikedoingsoaswell.二、不定式復(fù)合短語(yǔ)2)作賓語(yǔ),常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)：Weconsideritunfairforhimtoeattwopears.3)作表語(yǔ)：Mywishisforourpeopletoliveahappylife.1.for+賓語(yǔ)+不定式：1)作主語(yǔ),常用it作形式主語(yǔ)：

Forhertogoaloneatnightistoodangerous.=Itistoodangerousforhertogoaloneatnight.4)作定語(yǔ)：Thequestionforhertoanswerishard.5)作目的狀語(yǔ)：Wehandedinourhomeworkintimefortheteachertocorrect.2.疑問詞+不定式（if/why除外,不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))：1)作主語(yǔ):

Whentoleaveisnotclear.2)作賓語(yǔ)：Wedon’tknowwhethertogotomorrow.Iaminterestedinhowtodoit.3)作表語(yǔ)：Myquestioniswhotoanswerforit.3.of+賓語(yǔ)+不定式：表示不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征,可作邏輯主語(yǔ)和邏輯賓語(yǔ),用it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)。該短語(yǔ)用于下列形容詞之后：kind,nice,right,good,silly,foolish,stupid,polite,cruel,rude,careless,wrong,wise等。

Itisverykindofyoutohelpme.=Youareverykindtohelpme.

Itisstupidofyoutodoso.=Youarestupidtodoso.Wefeelitimpoliteofhimtosmokeinpublic.三、except/but(除……之外)若其前有行為動(dòng)詞do,后跟動(dòng)詞原形,否則跟帶to的不定式：Thereisnothinglefttodobut/exceptwaitforhertocome.Shedidnothingexcept/butcry.Wehavenochoiceexcept/buttostayhere.四、下列句型后跟動(dòng)詞原形：1)hadbetter+動(dòng)詞原形Youhadbetter(not)giveintoher.2)wouldrather+動(dòng)詞原形

Iwouldrather(not)stayhere.3)Why+動(dòng)詞原形Why(not)giveup

thejob?4)can’thelpbut/cannotbut/cannotchoosebut+動(dòng)詞原形(不得不……)Ican’thelpbutleaveschool.

5)may/mightaswell+動(dòng)詞原形(不妨……)Youmayaswelltrythismethod.五、不定式的主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)：1.在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，用來(lái)修飾主語(yǔ)的不定式可以用主動(dòng)也可以用被動(dòng)形式，在口語(yǔ)中用主動(dòng)形式的時(shí)候更多一些。如：Therearestillmanydifficultiestoovercome/tobeovercome).There’snothingtodo/tobedone.2.在too...to...和enoughto…結(jié)構(gòu)中,可用不定式的主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。但用主動(dòng)形式更常見。如：Theboxistooheavytomove.Thisbookischeapenoughtobuy.3.在“形容詞+不定式”句型中。最常用的形容詞有

:hard,

good,amusing,interesting,cheap,difficult,easy,nice,dangerous,good,pleasant,comfortable,heavy,light,important等。

Thatquestionisdifficulttoanswer.Theseapplesaregoodtoeat.Thepictureisnicetolookat.Ifindhimeasytogetalongwith.Theythinkthegameinterestingtoplay.4.不定式作后置定語(yǔ)時(shí),如果其邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,則用不定式的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：

Ihaveameetingtoattendtoday.Hegavemesomebookstoread.Pleasegetmesomethingtoeat.但如果句子主語(yǔ)不是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，則需要用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。如：I’mgoingtoBeijingnextweek.Doyouhaveanythingtobetakentoyourparents?

(you不是totake的邏輯主語(yǔ)。totake的邏輯主語(yǔ)沒有出現(xiàn)在句中，所以用被動(dòng)式。)5.在“形容詞+名詞+不定式”句型中,不定式用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。如：This/That/Itisaneasyquestiontoanswer.Theyaregooddoctorstorelyon.Heisadifficultmantodealwith.Ifindhimanhardbosstogetalongwith.IthinktheGreatWallagoodplacetovisit.

六、動(dòng)詞+theretobe:

常見動(dòng)詞有:believe,expect,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,want,wish,hate,understand,wouldlike等。

Wedidn’texpecttheretobeasnakethere.我們沒料到那里會(huì)有蛇。Iwould

liketheretobeapictureonthewall.我想在墻上掛一張畫。Idon’twanttheretobeanykidsleftbehind.我不想有任何孩子掉隊(duì)。七、for+theretobe:Itisimpossiblefortheretobeanychance.不可能有機(jī)會(huì)了。Itwastoolatefortheretobeanybuses.時(shí)間太晚了,不會(huì)有汽車了。Wewaitedfortheretobeanotherchance.我們期待著還有下一次機(jī)會(huì)。

Practice1.Thestudentsexpectedthere_____morereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexam.A.beB.beingC.havebeenD.tobe2.Hesaiditwaspossiblefor______afilmtonight.A.therebeingB.theretobeC.therewasD.therewouldbe3.Annneverdreamsof_____achanceforhertogoabroad.A.beingB.theretobeC.therebeingD.therebe____________4.Weagreed_____herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet5.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,butmothertoldhim_____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto6.Thepatientwaswarned_____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating

____________7.Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone8.—Letmetellyousomethingaboutthejournalists.—Don’tyouremember_____methestoryyesterday?A.toldB.tellingC.totellD.tohavetold9.Therearefivepairs_____,butI’matalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing____________—Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeateggeveryday?—_____enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.Tobegetting11._____lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.sleepingC.SleepD.havingslept12.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears_____everything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold____________13.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_____whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen14.Withalotofdifficultproblems______,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.

A.settled

B.settling

C.tosettle

D.beingsettled

15.

Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif______whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.

A.seeing

B.havingseen

C.tohaveseen

D.tosee

____________16.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered______thefirstcomputer.

A.t