初中被動語態(tài)全

被動語態(tài)ThePassiveVoice

英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：

主動語態(tài)

(theActiveVoice)

被動語態(tài)(thePassiveVoice)A.主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。B.被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。Weplantedthetree.Thetreewasplantedbyus.注：后面能接賓語的動詞vt才有被動語態(tài)(一)什么時候用被動語態(tài):1.不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時2.沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時3.只需要強調動作的承受著時Theblouseismadeofsilk.Thezipperisoftenusedinourdailylife.IthinktheTVwasinventedafterthecar.be+

過去分詞(二)被動語態(tài)最基本結構:有各種時態(tài)的變化,時態(tài)不同，結構不同1.一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去式句子的被動語態(tài)：

People

grow

riceinthesouthofthecountry.Riceisgrownbypeopleinthesouthofthecountry.Theschool

doesn'tallow

ustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacherbytheschool.

He

lost

hiskeyyesterday.Hiskeywaslostbyhimyesterday.歸納結構：主語+am/is/are/was/were

+PP主變被步驟:1.找賓語:即動作的承受者(改為主語)He

washed

hiscaryesterday.

Hiscar3.判斷新主語的單復數(shù):確定be動詞的單復數(shù).

be4.判斷動詞的時態(tài):即be動詞的時態(tài).2.修改謂語的語態(tài):即be+原V.過去分詞

washed5.修改原句的主語:即by+主語(變賓格).

(byhim)

yesterday.iswaswasThey

make

thebikesinthefactory.

Thebikesinthefactory.aremadethembyPeople

grow

riceinthesouthofthecountry.He

lost

hiskeyyesterday.Theyplantedmanytreeslastyear.Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.1.ThisEnglishsong________bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung2.Why_______totalkaboutityesterday?

A.didn’tameetinghold B.wasn’tameetingheld

C.wasn’theldameeting D.ameetingwasn’theld3.I_______insummer.A.born B.wasborn C.havebeenborn D.amborn

4.ThePeople’sRepublicofChina_____onOctober1,1949.FoundB.wasfounded C.isfoundedD.wasfound5.English________inCanada.A.speaks B.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken6.Morethan100trees_______(plant)inourschoollastspring.7.What_____thiskindofflower_______(call)?1.Theysellorangesintheshop.______________________________________.2.Peopledon’tproduceoilinAmerica.______________________________________.3.HowmanyTVsetsdidyouselllastweek?______________________________________.4.Helen’sparentssenthertoschoolwhenshewasnine.5.Peoplemakeice-wineinCanada.______________________________________.6.DopeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries?______________________________________.

8.Platesanddishes______(notwash)aftersupperyesterday.9.Thesong___________(notlike)bymostofus.

7.Shegavemeapen.2..含有情態(tài)動詞：情態(tài)動詞+be+及物動詞的過去分詞We

must

keep

theclassroomclean.Theclassroom

must

bekeptclean.We

should

allow

thestudentstohavetheirfreetime.Thestudents

should

beallowedtohavetheirfreetime.(三)語態(tài)轉換時要注意的問題1.把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，其謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與原句時態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。

Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正確)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(錯誤)

2.含有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時，可分別將其中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個不動，一般變間接賓語為主語時比較多。

Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.

如果把直接賓語(指物)改為主語，則在間接賓語(指人)前加適當?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說：

Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.保留賓語注意：一般在下列動詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞to，如：

bring,give,lend,offer,pass,sell,show,tell,read

等。

Thecupwithmixturewasshowedtotheclass.

Mybikewaslenttoher.

一般在下列動詞后，間接賓語前用介詞for,如：

buy,cook,choose,fetch,get,,make,order,

等。

Mothermademeanewskirt.=(Anewskirtwasmadeforme.)

Themeatwascookedforus.

3.由動詞+介詞或副詞構成的短語動詞，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成一個及物動詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉,這類動詞有

laughat,operateon,lookafter,makefunof,makeuseoftakecareof,,carryout,,giveup,handin,pointout,putaway,putoff,turndown,workout,talkabout等。

Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.

Theproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout.

Hisrequestwasturneddown.Thesportsmeetingwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.Thechildistakengoodcareof4.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等動詞后作賓語補足語的動詞不定式都不帶to，但改成被動語態(tài)后都帶to，

Weheardhimsingthissongintheroom.Hewasheard

tosingthissongintheroom.Thebossmadehimwork14hoursaday.Hewasmade

towork14hoursaday.Iseehimwalktoschool.Heisseen

towalktoschool.Weoftenseekateplaysoccerintheplayground.Billwatchedthemonkeysrunaround.Atrafficaccident_________(happen)justnow.happened2.連系動詞（Link.v.)

如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become…PekingOpera________(sound)beautiful.sounds3.當此動詞表示事物的自然屬性的時候:Thepen_________(write)veryfast.writesThiskindofsweater_______(sell)well.sells1.不及物動詞（vi.)

如:happen,takeplace,appear,disappear,…（四）不用被動語態(tài)的動詞：

(表示主語的自然屬性特征)

+副詞(well/badly/easily/smoothly),常見動詞：read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock,open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,…Thebooks____well．

A.weresoldB.sellC.havesoldD.arebeingsoldThiskindofcloth____easily．

A.haswashedB.waswashedC.washesD.iswashed【2011北京】1.Manyaccidents____bycarelessdriverslastyear.A.arecausedB.werecausedC.havecausedD.willcause【2011上?！?.Anofficial_____bysomereportersonfoodproblemsinShanghaiyesterday.A.isinterviewing

B.isinterviewedC.wasinterviewingD.wasinterviewed【2011天津】3.Todayalotofinformationcan_____online.A.receiveB.bereceivedC.isreceivedD.receiving【2011重慶】4.I’mgladtofindthatmanytrees_______inourcitylastyear.A.plantB.plantedC.wereplantedD.areplanted【2011陜西】5.Drivingafterdrinkingwine

inChina.A.allowsB.doesn'tallowC.isallowedD.isn'tallowed【2011安徽】6.Don'tworry.Yourpackage

hereuntilyoucomeback,soenjoyshoppinghere.A.willkeepB.haskeptC.willbekeptD.hasbeenkept【2011山東】7.It’struethatShakespeare’splay______bysomanypeopleeveryyear.A.seeB.willseeC.areseeingD.areseenCorrectingmistakeCorrectthemistake(s)ineachsentenceifany:1)Twoboyshurtwhileplayingaball．2)ThesingerlivedinLondonuntilhewassendingtouniversity．3)Howlongdoyouthinkthemeetingwillbelasted?wassentwilllastwerehurt4)Classisbegunat7:30everyday．5)Hisplanissoundedgood．beginssounds例如：

據(jù)說…… Itissaid/thoughtthat…

據(jù)報導…… Itisreportedthat…

據(jù)推測…… Itissupposedthat…

希望…… Itishopedthat…

眾所周知…… Itiswellknownthat…

普遍認為…… Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…

有人建議…… Itissuggestedthat…1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.3)ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.（五）在漢語中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動結構來表示3.一般將來時：

Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Carswillbesentabroadbysea.Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers..過去將來時：

Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.4.現(xiàn)在進行時：

TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastontheradio.Wearepaintingtherooms.Theroomsarebeingpainted..過去進行時：

—Whydidn'ttheydrivethereontime?—Becausetheworkersweremendingtheroad.Becausetheroadwasbeingmended.Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.5.現(xiàn)在完成時：

Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetmightbeputoff.

Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetmightbeputoff.Wehavebroughtdowntheprice.Thepricehasbeenbroughtdown.過去完成時：

WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath;Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.

Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader.6:動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)begoingtodo---begoingtobedonebeabouttodo---beabouttobedoneEg:Theyaregoingtoholdameetingtomorrow.Ameetingisgoingtobeheldtomorrow.Theyareabouttoshootthemurderer.Themurderdrisabouttobeshotbythem.總結被動語態(tài)的結構一般現(xiàn)在時/一般過去式be+done(is/am/are/waswere)一般將來時/過去將來時will/would+done現(xiàn)在進行時/過去進行時be+being+done現(xiàn)在完成時/過去完成時has/have/had+done含情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞

+bedone不定式tobedone說明(1)done表示動詞的過去分詞(2)下劃線的詞為助動詞

(1)Thepolicefoundthatthehouse____andalotofthings_________.A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolenB.hadbrokeninto;hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolen(2)Ifcitynoises______fromincreasing,people______shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;havetoC.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep;havetoDPracticeA(3)---______thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.---Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.I’vebeentoldB.I’vetoldC.I’mtoldD.Itold(4)Themathsproblem______amongthestudentssoon.A.isabouttobediscussB.isgoingtobediscussedC.istodiscussD.isgoingtohavebeendiscussedAB1.Thenewdictionariesareveryuseful.They____welland____already.A.sell,havebeensoldoutB.sold,hadsoldoutC.sell,selloutD.aresold,havebeensoldout2.---IsawDaveinliftthismorning.---Really?He___aroundhereforalongtime.A.won’tbeseenB.wasn’tseeC.hasn’tbeenseenD.hadn’tbeenseen3.Thewindowisdirty.----Iknow.It___forweeks.hasn’tcleanedB.didn’tcleanC.wasn’tcleanedD.hasn’tbeencleaned4.Thehero’sstory___differentlyinthenewspapers.wasreportedB.wasreportingreportsD.reported5.----Whydidyouleavethatposition?----I___abetterpositionatIBM.offerB.offeredC.amofferedD.wasoffered6.Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool___abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.A.sentB.weresentC.hadsentD.hadbeensent7.Thepoliceman’sattentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich___placedundertheMinister’scar.hasbeenB.wasbeingC.hadbeenD.wouldbe8.Millionsofpounds’worthdamage____byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.A.hasbeencausedB.hadbeencausedC.willbecausedD.willhavebeencaused9.Whentheoldman___towalkbacktohishouse,the

sun____itselfbehindthemountain.started;hadalreadyhiddenhadstarted;hadalreadyhiddenC.hadstarted;washidingD.wasstarting;hid10:Thewater___coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.A.wasfeltB.isfeltC.feltD.feels11:Themomentthe28thOlympicGames___open,thewholeworldcheered.A.declaredB.havebeendeclaredC.havedeclaredD.weredeclared13.Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty____,someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.A.wouldbeheldB.hasbeenheldC.willbeheldD.isbeingheld14.Thenewtypeofcellphone___betterifitisadvertisedonTV.willsellB.sellsC.wouldsellD.sold15.Thebridgewhich______lastyearlooksreallybeautiful.A.wasbuilt B.built C.wassetup D.hadbeenbuilt16."Thiscloth_____welland_____long.“"Ok.I'lltakeit."A.washes/lasts B.iswashed/lasted C.washes/islasted D.iswashing/lasting17.Anexhibitionofpaintings____atthemuseumnextweek.A.aretobeheldB.istobeheldC.areholdingD.willhold18.HewascleaninghisroomwhenIenteredthehouse.=Hisroom_____byhimwhenIenteredtheroom.A.wasbeingcleanedB.wascleanedC.wasbeingcleaningD.hasbeencleaned19.I'msorry,sir.Yourrecorderisn'treadyyet.It_____inthefactory.A.isbeingrepairedB.isrepairedC.hasbeenrepaired D.hasn'trepaired20.Everypossiblemeans

,butnoneprovesuccessful.A.hastriedB.hasbeentriedC.isbeingtriedD.tried21.Mylittlesisterhasbrokenmywatch. =Mywatch_____bymylittlesister.A.isbrokenB.hasbrokenC.havebeenbroken D.hasbeenbroken1.樹要在春天種;2.樹坑要挖得夠大,但不要太深;3.把樹放進坑里,扶直;4.把泥推回坑里,用腳踩實;5.在旁邊插一根堅實的長棍子,并且保證棍子插直了;6.用繩子（rope）把棍子和樹綁起來7.澆好水.根據(jù)提示寫一篇以HowtoPlantaTree?為題目的短文，要求內容齊全，上下文連貫。盡量使用被動語態(tài)，80詞左右。Writing1.樹要在春天種;2.樹坑要挖得夠大,但不要太深;3.把樹放進坑里,扶直;4.把泥推回坑里,用腳踩實;5.在旁邊插一根堅實的長棍子,并且保證棍子插直了;6.用