2023年MBA考試真題及答案解析

2023一、問題求解1~15345分。以下每題給出的A．B．C．D．E五個選項中，只有一項為哪一項符合試題要求的，請在答題卡上將所選項的字母涂黑。1：3：8，30%，10等獎，則參與競賽的人數(shù)為〔〕A．300 B．400 C．500 D．550 E．600為了解某公司員工的年齡構造，按男、女人數(shù)的比例進展了隨機抽樣，結果如下：男員工年齡〔歲〕232628303234363841女員工年齡〔歲〕232527272931依據(jù)表中數(shù)據(jù)估量，該公司男員工的平均年齡與全體員工的平均年齡分別是〔 〕〔單位：歲〕B．32；29.5 2720〔含〕以內免費，GB545GB〔〕元A．45 B．65 C．75 D．85 E．135如圖，圓O是三角形ABC的內切圓，假設三角形ABC的面積與周長的大小之比為1：2，則圓?OO的面積為〔〕 ?OA． BC5.設實數(shù)a,b滿足ab2,a3b326，則a2b2〔 〕A．30 B．22 C．15 D．13 E．10968位，同時購置乙、丙兩種商品的有6位，同時購置三種商品的有2位，則僅購置一種商品的顧客有〔 〕位A．70 B．72 C．74 D．76 E．82ABCDAB,CD

ABCDA,B,C,D111 1

2 2 2

111

3 3 3 3ABCD

ABCD(n1,2,3,,n)，設四邊形2 2 2 2

n n n nABCD

，且S

12，則SS

S

〔 〕n n n n

n 1 1 2 nA．16 B．20 C．24D．28 E．306232則不同的裝法有〔〕種A．12 B．18 C．24 D．30 E．36甲、乙兩人進展圍棋競賽，商定先勝2盤者贏得競賽，每盤甲獲勝的概率是0.6，乙獲勝的概率是0.4，假設乙在第一盤獲勝，則甲贏得競賽的概率是〔 〕A．0.144 B．0.288 C．0.36 D．0.4 E．0.6圓C2(y2b假設圓C在〔1,2處的切線與y軸的交點〔0,3則ab〔 〕A．-2 B．-1 C．0 D．1 E．2法有〔〕種A．9 B．18 C．24 D．36 E．7211025〔〕1 1 2 2 75

9

9

D．15

E．45321有〔〕種A．6 B．8 C．12 D．18 E．36如圖，圓柱的底面半徑為2，高為3，垂直于底面的平面截圓柱體所得截面為矩形ABCD，假設弦AB所對的圓心角為3

，則截掉局部〔較小局部〕的體積為〔〕A．3 B．26 332E． 3

〕A．8 B．7 C．6 D．5 E．416~25題，每題3分，共30分。要求推斷每題給出的條件和條件〔2〕能否充分支持題干所陳述的結論。A．B．C．D．E五個選項為推斷結果，請選擇一項符合試題要求的推斷。A：條件〔1〕充分，但條件〔2〕不充分B：條件〔2〕充分，但條件〔1〕不充分C：條件〔1〕和〔2〕單獨都不充分，但條件〔1〕和〔2〕聯(lián)合起來充分D：條件〔1〕充分，條件〔2〕也充分〔1〕和〔2〕單獨都不充分，條件〔1〕和〔2〕聯(lián)合起來也不充分xyxy2〔1〕x2y22〔2〕xy1設a是等差數(shù)列，則能確定aa

a的值na的值1a的值5

1 2 9設m,n是正整數(shù)，則能確定mn的值

31m n

21m n甲、乙、丙三人的年收入成等比數(shù)列。則能確定乙的年收入的最大值甲、丙兩人的年收入之和甲、丙兩人的年收入之積如圖，在矩形ABCD中，AEFC ，則三角形AED與四邊形BCFE能拼成一個直角三角形EB2FCEDEFB100〔1〕50〔2〕AB2P(m,0),A(1,3),B(2,1),點x,yPABxy的最小值與最大值分別為-21〔1〕m1〔2〕m225%，10%，兩者相等。則能確定兩公司的員工人數(shù)之比甲公司的人均年終獎與乙公司的一樣兩公司的員工人數(shù)之比與兩公司的年終獎總額之比相等設abx2y22yxayb不相交〔1〕ab 1a2〔2〕ab 1a2f(xx2axfx)f(fx))的最小值相等〔1〕a2〔2〕a026~55260ABC．D．E五個選項中，只有一個選項符合題目要求。請在答題紙上將所選字母涂黑。上陳述，可以得出以下哪項？歷史的制造者都是歷史的見證者。C.D.我們的作品只要表達人民的心愿、心情、心聲，就會在人民中傳之長遠。E.只有不離開人民，文藝才不會變成無根的浮萍、無病的呻吟、無魂的軀殼。

依據(jù)以報，擇其內容列表如下：天津陰上海雷陣雨昆明小雨呼和浩特陣雨海爾濱少云烏魯木齊晴西安中雨南昌大雨香港多云南京雷陣雨拉薩陣雨福州陰依據(jù)上述信息，以下哪項作出的論斷最為準確？由于所列城市盛夏天氣變化頻繁，所以上面所列的9類天氣確定就是全部的天氣類型。9類天氣可能不是全部的天氣類型。由于所列城市分處我國的東南西北中，所以上面所列的9類天氣確定就是全部的天氣類型。D.9類天氣確定是全部的天氣類型。E.9類天氣確定不是全部的天氣類型。現(xiàn)在很多人很少在深夜11著某種苦惱。以下哪項假設為真，最能支持上述專家的結論？他們總是要在睡覺前花較長時間磨蹭。想活在當下，活出精彩。晚睡者具有樂觀的人生態(tài)度。他們認為，當天的事須當天完成，哪怕晚睡也在所不惜。存在著某種令人不滿的問題。就覺得格外惋惜。分心駕駛是指駕駛人為滿足自己的身體舒適、心情愉悅等需求而沒有將留意力全部集中于小孩等。某專家指出，分心駕駛已成為我國道路交通事故的罪魁禍首。以下哪項假設為真，最能支持上述專家的觀點？0.3~1.0秒，使用手機時反響時間則延遲3倍左右。的交通事故占比最高。一項爭論顯示，在美國超過1/4的車禍是由駕駛人使用手機引起的。近來使用手機已成為我國駕駛人分心駕駛的主要表現(xiàn)形式，59%的人開車過程中看微信，31%的人玩自拍，36%的人刷微博、微信朋友圈。開車使用手時機導致駕駛人留意力下降20%；假設駕駛人邊開車邊發(fā)短信，則發(fā)生車禍的23倍。30~31題基于以下題干：7人，每人每周需輪番值日一天，且每天僅安排一人值日。他們值日的安排還需滿足以下條件：乙周二或者周六值日；假設甲周一值日，那么丙周三值日且戊周五值日；假設甲周一不值日，那么己周四值日且庚周五值日；假設乙周二值日，那么己周六值日。依據(jù)以上條件，假設丙周日值日，則可以得出以下哪項？戊周三值日。己周五值日。甲周一值日。丁周二值日。乙周六值日。假設庚周四值日，那么以下哪項確定為假？A.丙周三值日。B.乙周六值日。C.己周二值日。D.甲周一值日。E.戊周日值日。唐代韓愈在《師說》中指出依據(jù)上述韓愈的觀點，可以得出以下哪項？A.有的弟子必定不如師。B.有的弟子可能不如師。C.有的師可能不賢于弟子。D.有的師不行能賢于弟子。E.有的弟子可能不賢于師。降水、物候的周期性變化規(guī)律。各節(jié)氣的名稱具有如下特點：假設“清明”不在春季，則“霜降”不在秋季；假設“雨水”在春季，則“霜降”在秋季。依據(jù)以上信息，假設從春至冬每季僅列兩個節(jié)氣，則以下哪項是不行能的？清明、谷雨、芒種、夏至、秋分、寒露、小雪、大寒。雨水、驚蟄、夏至、小暑、白露、霜降、大雪、冬至。立春、谷雨、清明、夏至、處暑、白露、立冬、小雪。驚蟄、春分、立夏、小滿、白露、寒露、立冬、小雪。立春、清明、立夏、夏至、立秋、寒露、小雪、大寒。以下哪項與上述論證方式最為相像？金無足赤，人無完人。所以，假設你想做完人，就應當有真金。有志不在年高，無志空活百歲。所以，假設你不想空活百歲，就應當立志。C.妝未梳成不見客，不到火候不揭鍋。所以，假設揭了鍋，就應當是到了火候。D.兵在精而不在多，將在謀而不在勇。所以，假設想獲勝，就應當兵精將勇。E.馬無夜草不肥，人無橫財不富。所以，假設你想富，就應當讓馬多吃夜草。此一樣。小張、小王、小李三人是同一單位的職工，單位四周有北口地鐵站。某天早晨，3人3人關于乘車路線的想法不盡一樣。：假設一號線擁擠，小張就坐2站后轉三號線，再坐3站到北口站；假設一號線不擁擠，34站到北口站。只有一號線擁擠，小王才坐2站后轉三號線，再坐3站到北口站。假設一號線不擁擠，小李就坐4站后轉四號線，坐3站之后再轉三號線，坐1站到達北口站。該天早晨地鐵一號線不擁擠。假定三人換乘及步行總時間一樣，則以下哪項最可能與上述信息不全都？A.小李比小張先到達單位。B.小王比小李先到達單位。C.小張比小王先到達單位。D.小王和小李同時到達單位。E.小張和小王同時到達單位。最近一項調研覺察，某國30歲至45歲人群中，去醫(yī)院治療冠心病、骨質疏松等病癥的人越來越堵，而原來患有這些病癥的大多是老年人。調研者由此認為，該國年輕人中“老年病”發(fā)病率有不斷增加的趨勢。以下哪項假設為真，最能質疑上述調研結論？45歲以下的年輕人數(shù)量急劇增加。C.近幾十年來，該國人口老齡化嚴峻，但安康老齡人口的比重在不斷增大。D.“老年人”的最低年齡比以前提高了，“老年病”的患者范圍也有所變化。E.盡管冠心病，骨質疏松等病癥是常見的“老年病”，老年人患的病未必都是“老年病”張教授：利益并非只是物質利益，應當把信用、聲譽、情感甚至某種喜好等都歸入利益的其自身的利益需求，那么由這些個體組成的社會就是一個良善的社會。依據(jù)張教授的觀點，可以得出以下哪項？盡可能滿足每一個體的利益需求，就會損害社會的整體利益。得到滿足的狀況。D.假設某些個體的利益沒有盡可能得到滿足，那么社會就是不良善的。E.只有盡可能滿足每一個體的利益需求，社會才可能是良善的。某學期學校開設4門課程：“”“老子爭論”“唐詩鑒賞”“宋詞選讀”陳文雅、趙珊珊和莊志達4人各選修了其中一門課程。：4人選修的課程各不一樣；寵愛詩詞的趙珊珊選修的是詩詞類課程；李曉明選修的不是“《詩經》鑒賞”就是“唐詩鑒賞”。以下哪項假設為真，就能確定趙珊珊選修的是“宋詞選讀”？A.莊志達選修的是“老子爭論”。B.莊志達選修的不是“老子爭論”。C.莊志達選修的是“《詩經》鑒賞”。D.莊志達選修的不是“宋詞選讀”。E.莊志達選修的不是“《詩經》鑒賞”。個很低的水平。以下哪項假設為真，最能解釋上述看似沖突的現(xiàn)象？A.該河流在經受了去年極端干旱之后枯槁了一段時間，導致大量水生物死亡。B.假設河中水草數(shù)量到達確定程度就會對周邊其他物種的生存產生危害。C.我國中原地區(qū)多平原，海拔差異小，其地表河水流速比較緩慢。D.河水流速越慢，其水溫變化就越小，這有利于水草的生長和生殖。E.經過極端干旱之后，該河流中以水草為食物的水生動物數(shù)量大量削減。40~41題基于以下題干：7艘艦艇，擬組成兩個編隊出航，第一編隊編列34艘艦艇。編列需滿足以下條件：航母己必需編列在其次編隊；戊和丙至多有一艘編列在第一編隊；甲和丙不在同一編隊；假設乙編列在第一編隊，則丁也必需編列在第一編隊。A.乙。B.丙。C.丁。E.庚。假設丁和庚在同一編隊，則可以得出以下哪項？A.甲在第一編隊。B.乙在第一編隊。C.丙在第一編隊。D.戊在其次編隊。E.庚在其次編隊。甲：讀書最重要的目的是增長學問、開拓視野。就不能到達讀書的真正目的。以下哪項與上述反對方式最為相像？甲：文學創(chuàng)作最重要的是閱讀優(yōu)秀文學作品。品都來源于炎熱的社會生活。甲：做人最重要的是要講信用。乙：你說得不全面。做人最重要的是要遵紀守法。假設不遵紀守法，就沒法講信用。甲：作為一部優(yōu)秀的電視劇，最重要的是能得到寬闊觀眾的寵愛。沒有深刻寓意與藝術魅力，就不能成為優(yōu)秀的電視劇。甲：科學爭論最重要的是爭論內容的創(chuàng)。，才能真正實現(xiàn)爭論內容的創(chuàng)。甲：一年中最重要的季節(jié)是收獲的秋天。天的收獲？聞，此猶捕雀而掩目，盜鐘而掩耳者。依據(jù)以上陳述，可以得出以下哪項？假設己不言，則人不聞。假設己為，則人會知；假設己言，則人會聞。C.假設能做到盜鐘而掩耳，則可言之而人不聞。D.假設己不為，則人不知。E.假設能做到捕雀而掩目，則可為之而人不知。中國是全球最大的卷煙生產國和消費國，但近年來政府通過出臺禁煙令、提高卷煙消費稅2023年同比上升2.4%之后，中國卷煙消費量在20232.4%19952023年中國卷煙消費量仍占全球的45%了2.1%。依據(jù)以上信息，可以得出以下哪項？A.2023年世界其他國家卷煙消費量同比下降比率低于中國。B.20232023年。C.2023年世界其他國家卷煙消費量同比下降比率高于中國。D.20232023年。E.2023年興盛國家卷煙消費量同比下降比率高于進展中國家。中擺放位置做出如下提示：前三排書櫥均放有哲學類書；法學類書都放在第5排書櫥，這排書櫥的左側也放有經濟類書；治理類書放在最終一排書櫥。上述信息，以下哪項是不行能的？徐莉在第2排書櫥中找到哲學類書。徐莉在第3排輸出中找到經濟類書。徐莉在第4排書櫥中找到哲學類書。徐莉在第6排書櫥中找到法學類書。徐莉在第7排書櫥中找到治理類書。函，本次學術會議只歡送持有主辦方邀請函的科研院所的學者參與。依據(jù)以上通知，可以得出以下哪項？A.論文通過審核并持有主辦方邀請函的學者，本次學術會議都歡送其參與。B.論文通過審核的學者都可以參與本次學術會議。C.論文通過審核的學者有些不能參與本次學術會議。D.有些論文通過審核但未持有主辦方邀請函的學者，本次學術會議歡送其參與。E.本次學術會議不歡送論文沒有通過審核的學者參與。47~48題基于以下題干一江南園林擬建松、竹、梅、蘭、菊5個園子。該園林擬設東、南、北3個門，分別位于其中35個園子的布局滿足如下條件：假設東門位于松園或菊園，那么南門不位于竹園；假設南門不位于竹園，那么北門不位于蘭園；假設菊園在園林的中心，那么它與蘭園不相鄰；蘭園與菊園相鄰，中間連著一座秀麗的廊橋。A.菊園不在園林的中心。B.梅園不在園林的中心。C.蘭園在園林的中心。D.菊園在園林的中心。E.蘭園不在園林的中心。A.東門位于梅園。B.南門位于菊園。C.東門位于竹園。D.東門位于松園。E.南門位于梅園。些路鹽中的鈉元素會影響青蛙的受體細胞并轉變原可能成為雌性青蛙的性別。有專家據(jù)此認為，這會導致相關區(qū)域青蛙數(shù)量的下降。以下哪項假設為真，最能支持上述專家的觀點？A.雌雄比例會影響一個動物種群的規(guī)模，雌性數(shù)量的充分對物種的繁衍生息至關重要。B.假設一個物種以雄性為主，該物種的個體數(shù)量就可能受到影響。C.在多個鹽含量不同的水池中飼養(yǎng)青蛙，隨著水池中鹽含量的增加，雌性青蛙的數(shù)量不斷少。D.假設每年冬季在大路上撒很多鹽，鹽水流入池塘，就會影響青蛙的生長發(fā)育過程。E.大量的路鹽流入池塘可能會給其他水生物造成危害，破壞青蛙的食物鏈。些最終審定的工程并不涉及民生問題。依據(jù)以上陳述，可以得出以下哪項？有些工程盡管關注度高但并非意義重大。C.涉及民生問題的工程有些沒有引起關注。D.意義重大的工程比較簡潔引起關注。E.有些工程意義重大但是關注度不高。甲：知難行易，知然后行。乙：不對。知易行難，行然后知。甲：知人者智，自知者明。乙：不對。知人不易，知己更難。甲：不破不立，先破后立。乙：不對。不立不破，先立后破。甲：想想簡潔做起來難，做比想更重要。甲：批判他人易，批判自己難；先批判他人后批判自己。乙：不對。批判自己易，批判他人難；先批判自己后批判他人。甲：做人難做事易，先做人再做事。乙：不對。做人易做事難，先做事再做人。的仿照都不是創(chuàng)，但并非每一個仿照者都應當受到懲罰。依據(jù)以上陳述，以下哪項是不行能的？A.有些創(chuàng)者可能受到懲罰。B.沒有仿照專利。C.有些專利的創(chuàng)產品并沒有申請專利。D.有些專利的產品是仿照。E.全部的仿照者都受到了懲罰。6種農作物中進口幾種，用于該國浩大的動物飼料產口這些農作物有如下要求：它們當中不含違禁成分的都進口；假設甲或乙含有違禁成分，就進口戊和己；假設丙含有違禁成分，那么丁就不進口了；假設進口戊，就進口乙和丁；假設不進口丁，就進口丙；假設進口丙，就部進口丁。依據(jù)上述要求，以下哪項所列的農作物是該國可以進口的？A.乙、丙、丁。B.甲、丁、己。C.丙、戊、己。D.甲、戊、己。E.甲、乙、丙。54～55題基于以下題干他們被安排到四張桌上，每桌一男一女對弈，四張桌從左到右分別記為1、2、3、4號，每對選手需要進展四局競賽。競賽規(guī)定：選手每勝一局得2分，和一局得1分，負一局得0分。前三6:0、5:1、4:2、3:3。：〔1〕4號桌競賽，王玉的競賽桌在李龍競賽桌的右邊；〔2〕1號桌的競賽至少有一局是和局，44:2；趙虎前三局總積分并不領先他的對手，他們也沒有下成過和局；李龍已連輸三局，范勇在前三局總積分上領先他的對手。依據(jù)上述信息，前三局競賽完畢時誰的總積分最高？楊虹。王玉。范勇。施琳。張芳。假設以下有位選手前三局均與對手下成和局，那么他〔她〕是誰？范勇。張芳。楊虹。施琳。王玉。四．寫作：56~57653035分。請在答題紙上完成。56、論證有效性分析：分析下述論證中存在的缺陷和漏洞，選擇假設干要點，寫一篇600字左右的文章，對論證的有效性進展分析和評論。無各種明顯的規(guī)律錯誤，論證的論據(jù)是否成立并支持結論，結論成立的條件是否充分等等)在二十世紀末指出，開頭席卷一切的得商榷。物質豐富只會充實精神世界，物質主義潮流不行能造成人類精神世界的空虛。其次，后物質主義理論認為：個人根本的物質生活條件一旦得到滿足，就會把留意點轉移699富反而會降低人的精神追求。活豐富會沖擊人類的精神世界，只是杞人憂天罷了。57.論說文：依據(jù)下述材料，寫一篇700字左右的論說文，題目自擬。有人說，機器人的使命，應當是幫助人類做那些人類做不了的事，而不是代替人類。技術技術變革，人工智能也將促進將來人類社會的進展，有人則不以為然。2023年考研英語〔二〕真題SectionI UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheAnswerSheet.(10points)WhydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainful?Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto 1 uncertainty,accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenewresearchrevealsthattheneedtoknowissostrongthatpeoplewill 2 tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill 3 .Inaseriesoffourexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicagoandtheWisconsinSchoolofBusinesstestedstudents”willingness to 4 themselvestounpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity.Forone 5 ,eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearchersclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.Thetwist?Halfofthepenswould 6 anelectricshockwhenclicked.Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswereelectrified;anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified. 7 left aloneintheroom,thestudents whodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepens andincurredmoreshocksthanthestudents whoknewwhatwould 8 .Subsequentexperimentsreproducedthiseffectwithotherstimuli, 9 thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.Thedriveto 10 isdeeplyingrainedinhumans,muchthesameasthebasicdrivesfor 11 orshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicago.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct—itcan12newscientificadvances,forinstance—butsometimessuch13canbackfire.Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo14thingsisaprofoundone.Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto15,however.Inafinalexperiment,participantswhowereencouragedto16howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto 17 toseesuchanimage.Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe 18 offollowingthroughonone”scuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine 19 itisworththeendeavor.20 iskeytomitigatingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity,”Hseesays.Inotherwords,don”treadonlinecomments.A.protectA.refuse

B.discussB.seek

C.ignoreC.wait

D.resolveD.regretA.riseA.alertA.trialA.removeA.Unless

B.lastB.exposeB.messageB.deliverB.If

C.hurtC.tieC.reviewC.weakenC.When

D.misleadD.treatD.conceptD.interruptD.ThoughA.continueA.suchas

B.disappearB.ratherthan

C.change D.happenC.regardlessof D.owingtoA.disagreeA.payA.beginwith

B.forgive C.discoverB.food C.marriageB.reston C.leadto

D.forgetD.schoolingD.learnfromA.inquiry B.withdrawal C.persistenceA.self-reliant B.self-evident

D.diligenceC.self-deceptiveA.define B.replace

D.self-destructiveC.trace

D.resistA.overlook

design

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predictA.chooseA.reliefA.why

B.rememberB.outcomeB.where

C.promise D.pretendC.plan D.dutyC.how D.whetherA.limitations B.investment C.consequences D.strategiesSectionII ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustifyhiseffortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture.Mr.Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering.HeisateacherataNewHampshirehighschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandmechanicalmemorization,butpractical.Whendiditbecomeacceptedwisdomthatstudentsshouldbeabletonamethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterlyoverwhelmedbyabrokenbikechain?AsKoziatekknows,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.Nothingisnecessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagraffitieddeskstuckwithgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.Theycanalsolearngeometrybyassemblingabicycle.Buthe’salsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.Workingwithyourhandsisseenasalmostamarkofinferiority.Schoolinthefamilyofvocationaleducation“havethatstereotype...thatit’sforkidswhocan’tmakeitacademically,”hesays.Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmerica’sevolution.Manufacturingisnottheeconomicenginethatitoncewas.ThejobsecuritythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargelyevaporated.Moreeducationisthenewprinciple.Wewantmoreforourkids,andrightfullyso.Buttheheadlongpushintobachelor’sdegreesforall—andthesubtledevaluingofanythingless—missesanimportantpoint:That’snottheonlythingtheAmericaneconomyneeds.Yes,abachelor’sdegreeopensmoredoors.Butevennow,54percentofthejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skilljobs,suchasconstructionandhigh-skillmanufacturing.Butonly44percentofworkersareadequatelytrained.Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonitspoliticalhead,frustratedthattheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericaisvanishing,oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheface.Thereisagapinworking-classjobs,buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostaren’tequippedtodothem.Koziatek’sManchesterSchoolofTechnologyHighSchoolistryingtofillthatgap.Koziatek’sschoolisawake-upcall.Wheneducationbecomesone-size-fits-all, itrisksoverlookinganation’sdiversityofgifts.Abrokenbikechainismentionedtoshowstudents’lackof .A.academictraining B.practicalabilityC.pioneeringspirit D.mechanicalmemorizationThereexiststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisforkidswho .A.haveastereotypedmind B.havenocareermotivationC.arefinanciallydisadvantaged D.arenotacademicallysuccessfulwecaninferfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraduates .A.usedtohavemorejobopportunities B.usedtohavebigfinancialconcernsC.areentitledtomoreeducationalprivileges D.arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturingTheheadlongpushintobachelor’sdegreesforall .helpscreatealotofmiddle-skilljobsmaynarrowthegapinworking-classjobsindicatestheovervaluingofhighereducationisexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedworkforceTheauthor’sattitudetowardKoziatek’sschoolcanbedescribedas .A.tolerant B.cautious C.supportive D.disappointedText2Whilefossilfuels—coal,oil,gas—stillgenerateroughly85percentattheworld”senergysupply,it”sclearerthaneverthatthefuturebelongstorenewablesourcessuchaswindandsolar.Themovetorenewablesispickingupmomentumaroundtheworld:Theynowaccountformorethanhalfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline.Somegrowthstemsfromacommitmentbygovernmentsandfarsightedbusinessestofundcleanerenergysources.Butincreasinglythestoryisabouttheplummetingpricesofrenewables,especiallywindandsolar.Thecostofsolarpanelshasdroppedby80percentandthecostofwindturbinesbyclosetoone-thirdinthepasteightyears.Inmanypartsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalenergysource.InScotland,forexample,windturbinesprovideenoughelectricitytopower95percentofhomes.Whiletherestoftheworldtakethelead,notablyChinaandEurope,theUnitedStatesisalsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch,forthefirsttime,windandsolarpoweraccountedformorethan10percentofthepowergeneratedintheUS,reportedtheUSEnergyInformationAdministration.PresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossilfuels—especiallycoal—asthepathtoeconomicgrowth.InarecentspeechinIowa,hedismissedwindpowerasanunreliableenergysource.Butthatmessagedidnotplaywellwithmanyinlowa,wherewindturbinesdotthefieldsandprovide36percentofthestate”selectricitygeneration—andwheretechgiantslikeMicrosoftarebeingattractedbytheavailabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.Thequestion“whathappenswhenthewinddoesn”tbloworthesundoesn”tshine?”hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics. Butaboostinthe storagecapacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowingaroundtheclockmorelikely.Theadvanceisdriveninpartbyvehiclemanufacturers,whoareplacingbigbetsonbattery-poweredelectricvehicles.Althoughelectriccarsarestillararityonroadsnow,thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyincomingyears.Whilethere”salongwaytogo,thetrendlinesforrenewablearespiking.Thepaceofchangeinenergysourcesappearstobespeedingup—perhapsjustintimetohaveameaningfuleffectinslowingclimatechange.WhatWashingtondoes—ordoesn”tdo—topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatatimeofaglobalshiftinthought.Theword“plummeting”(Line2,Para2)isclosestinmeetingto .A.stabilizing B.changing C.falling D.risingAccordingtoParagraph3,theuseofrenewableenergyinAmerica .A.isprogressingnotably B.isasextensiveasinEuropeC.facesmanychallenges D.hasprovedtobeimpracticalItcanbelearnedthatinlowa, .A.windisawidelyusedenergysource B.windenergyhasreplacedfossilfuelsC.techgiantsareinvestingincleanenergy D.thereisashortageofcleanenergysupplyWhichofthefollowingistrueaboutcleanenergyaccordingParagraphs5&6?Itsapplicationhasboostedbatterystorage.Itiscommonlyusedincarmanufacturing.Itscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality.Itssustainableexploitationwillremaindifficult.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatrenewableenergy .willbringtheUSclosertoothercountrieswillaccelerateglobalenvironmentalchangeisnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernmentisnotcompetitiveenoughwithregardtoitscostText3Thepowerandambitionofthegiantsofthedigitaleconomyisastonishing —AmazonhasjustannouncedthepurchaseoftheupmarketgrocerychainWholeFoodsfor$13.5bn,buttwoyearsagoFacebookpaidevenmorethanthattoacquiretheWhatsAppmessagingservice,whichdoesn”thaveanyphysicalproductatall.WhatWhatsAppofferedFacebookwasanintricateandfinelydetailedwebofitsusers”friendshipsandsociallives.FacebookpromisedtheEuropeancommissionthenthatitwouldnotlinkphonenumberstoFacebookidentities,butitbrokethepromisealmostassoonasthedealwentthrough.Evenwithoutknowingwhatwasinthemessages,theknowledgeofwhosentthemandtowhomwasenormouslyrevealingandstillcouldbe.Whatpoliticaljournalist,whatpartywhip,wouldnotwanttoknowthemakeupoftheWhatsAppgroupsinwhichTheresaMay”senemiesarecurrentlypotting?ItmaybethatthevalueofWholeFoodstoAmazonisnotsomuchthe460shopsitowns,buttherecordsofwhichcustomershavepurchasedwhat.Competitionlawappearstobetheonlywaytoaddresstheseimbalancesofpower.Butisclumsy.Foronething.itisveryslowcomparedtothepaceofchangewithinthedigitaleconomy.Bythetimeaproblemhasbeenaddressedandremedieditmayhavevanishedinthemarketplace,tobereplacedbynewabusesofpower.Butthereisadeeperconceptualproblem,too.Competitionlawaspresentlyinterpreteddealswithfinancialdisadvantagetoconsumersandthisisnotobviouswhentheusersoftheseservicesdon”tpayforthem.Theusersoftheirservicesarenottheircustomers.Thatwouldbethepeoplewhobuyadvertisingfromthem—andFacebookandGoogle,thetwovirtualgiants,dominatedigitaladvertisingtothedisadvantageofallothermediaandentertainmentcompanies.Theproductthey”resellingisdata,andwe,theusers,convertourlivestodateforthebenefitofthedigitalgiants.Justassomeantsfarmthebugscalledaphidsforthehoneydewtheyproducewhentheyfeed,soGooglefarmsusforthedatathatourdigitallivesyield.Antskeeppredatoryinsectsawayfromwheretheiraphidsfeed;Gmailkeepsthespammersoutofourinboxes.Itdoesn”tfeellikeahumanordemocraticrelationship,evenifbothsidesbenefit.AccordingtoParagraph1.,FacebookacquiredWhatsAppforits .A.digitalproducts B.userinformationC.physicalassets D.qualityserviceLinkingphonenumberstoFacebookidentitiesmay .A.worsenpoliticaldisputes B.messupcustomerrecordsC.posearisktoFacebookusers D.misleadtheEuropeancommissionAccordingtotheauthor,competitionlaw .shouldservethenewmarketpowersmayworsentheeconomicimbalanceshouldnotprovidejustonelegalsolutioncannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarketCompetitionlawaspresentlyinterpretedcanhardlyprotectFacebookusersbecause .A.theyarenotdefinedascustomers B.theyarenotfinanciallyreliableC.theservicesaregenerallydigital D.theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisersTheantsanalogyisusedtoillustrate .awin-winbusinessmodelbetweendigitalgiantsatypicalcompetitionpatternamongdigitalgiantsthebenefitsprovidedfordigitalgiants”customerstherelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusersText4Tocombatthetrapofputtingapremiumonbeingbusy,CalNewport,authorofDeepwork:SuccessinaDistractedworld,recommendsbuildingahabitof“deepwork”—theabilitytofocuswithoutdistraction.Thereareanumberofapproachestomasteringtheartofdeepwork—beitlengthyretreatsdedicatedtoaspecifictask;developingadailyritual;ortakinga“journalistic”approachtoseizingmomentsofdeepworkwhenyoucanthroughouttheday.Whicheverapproach,thekeyistodetermineyourlengthoffocustimeandsticktoit.Newportalsorecommends“deepscheduling”tocombatconstantinterruptionsandgetmoredoneinlesstime.“Atanygivenpoint,Ishouldhavedeepworkscheduledforroughlythenextmonth.Onceonthecalendar,Iprotectthist imelikeIwouldadoctor’sappointmentorimportantmeeting”,hewrites.Anotherapproachtogettingmoredoneinlesstimeistorethinkhowyouprioritizeyourday—inparticularhowwecraftourto-dolists.TimHarford,authorofMessy:ThePowerofintotwogroups:somewereadvisedtosetoutmonthlygoalsandstudyactivities;othersweretoldtoplanactivitiesandgoalsinmuchmoredetail,daybyday.Whiletheresearchersassumedthatthewell-structureddailyplanswouldbemosteffectivewhenitcametotheexecutionoftasks,theywerewrong:thedetaileddailyplansdemotivatedstudents.Harfordarguesthatinevitabledistractionsoftenrenderthedailyto-dolistineffective,whileleavingroomforimprovisationinsuchalistcanreapthebestresults.Inordertomakethemostofourfocusandenergy,wealsoneedtoembracedowntime,orasNewportsuggests,“belazy.”“Idlenessisnotjustavacation,anindulgenceoravice;itisasindispensabletobebrainasVitaminDistothebody...[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessarytogettinganyworkdone,”heargues.SriniPillay,anassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool,believesthiscounter-intuitivelinkbetweendowntimeandproductivitymaybeduetothewayourbrainsoperate.Whenourbrainsswitchbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocusedonatask,theytendtobemoreefficient.“Whatpeopledon’trealizeisthatinordertocompletethesetasksthey needtouseboththefocusandunfocuscircuitsintheirbrain,”saysPillay.Thekeytomasteringtheartofdeepworkisto .A.keeptoyourfocustime B.listyourimmediatetasksC.makespecificdailyplans D.seizeeveryminutetoworkThestudyintheearly1980scitedbyHarfordshowsthat .distractionsmayactuallyincreaseefficiencydailyschedulesareindispensabletostudyingstudentsarehardlymotivatedbymonthlygoalsdetailedplansmanynotbeasfruitfulasexpectedAccordingtoNewport,idlenessis .adesirablementalstateforbusypeopleamajorcontributortophysicalhealthaneffectivewaytosavetimeandenergyanessentialfactorinaccomplishinganyworkPillaybelievesthatourbrains’shiftbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocused .A.canresultinpsychologicalwell-beingC.isaimedatbetterbalanceinworkThistextismainlyabout .waystorelievethetensionofbusylifeapproachestogettingmoredoneinlesstimethekeytoeliminatingdistractionsthecauseofthelackoffocustime

B.canbringaboutgreaterefficiencyD.isdrivenbytaskurgencyPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)JustsayitBepresentPayauniquecomplimentName,places,thingsFindthe“metoo”sSkipthesmalltalkAskforanopinionFiveWaystoMakeConversationwithAnyoneConversationsarelinks,whichmeanswhenyouhaveaconversationwithanewpersonalinkgetsformedandeveryconversationyouhaveafterthatmomentwillstrengthenthelink.Youmeetnewpeopleeveryday:thegroceryworker,thecabdriver,newpeopleatworkorthesecurityguardatthedoor.Simplystartingaconversationwiththemwillformalink.Herearefivesimplewaysthatyoucanmakethefirstmoveandstartaconversationwithstrangers.41. Supposeyouareinaroomwithsomeoneyoudon’tknowandsomethingwithin yousays“Iwanttotalkwiththisperson”—thisissomethingthemostlyhappenswithallofus.Youwantedtosaysomething—thefirstword—butitjustwon’tcomeout,itfeelslikeitisstucksomewhere.Iknowthefeelingandhereismyadvice:justgetitout.Justthink:whatistheworstthatcouldhappen?Theywon’ttalkwithyou?Well,theyarenottalkingwithyounow!Itrulybelievethatonce yougetthatfirstwordouteverythingelsewilljustflow.Sokeepitdothebestyoucantogatheralloftheenthusiasmandenergyyoucan,putonabigsmileandsay“Hi”.42. It’saproblemallofusface:youhavelimitedtimewiththepersonthatyouwanttotalkwithandyouwanttomakethistalkmemorable.“hi”,“hello”,“howareyou?”and“what’sgoingon?”,youwillfailtogivetheinitialjolttotheconversationthatcanmakeitsomemorable.Sodon’tbeafraidtoaskmorepersonalquestions.Trustme,you’llbesurprisedtoseehowmuchpeoplearewillingtoshareifyoujustask.43. Whenyoumeetapersonforthefirsttime,makeanefforttofindthethingswhichyouandthatpersonhaveincommonsothatyoucanbuildtheconversationfromthatpoint.Whenyoustartconversationfromthereandthenmoveoutwards,you’llfindallofasuddenthattheconversationbecomesaloteasier.44. Imagineyouarepouringyourheartouttosomeoneandtheyarejustbusyontheirphone,andifyouaskfortheirattentionyougettheresponse“Icanmultitask”.Sowhensomeonetriestocommunicatewithyou,justbeinthatcommunicationwholeheartedly.Makeeyecontact.Trustme,eyecontactiswhereallthemagichappens.Whenyoumakeeyecontact,youcanfeeltheconversation.45. Youallcameintoaconversationwhereyoufirstmettheperson,butaftersometimeyoumayhavemetagainandhaveforgottentheirname.Isn’tthatawkward!So,rememberthelittledetailsofthepeopleyoumetoryoutalkedwith;perhapstheplacestheyhavebeento,theplacetheywanttogo,thethingstheylike,thethingthehate—whateveryoutalkabout.Whenyouremembersuchthingsyoucanautomaticallybecomeinvestorintheirwellbeing.Sotheyfeelaresponsibilitytoyoutokeepthatrelationshipgoing.That’sit.Fiveamazingwaysthatyoucanmakeconversationwithalmostanyone.Everypersonisareallygo