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合同法與法律風(fēng)險防范實務(wù)講座
主講人:魏鎮(zhèn)勝 北京市盈科律師事務(wù)所合伙人業(yè)務(wù)部主任張家口發(fā)電廠法律培訓(xùn)
合同法與法律風(fēng)險防范實務(wù)講座1
【魏鎮(zhèn)勝律師簡介】
魏鎮(zhèn)勝,男,43歲,中國政法大學(xué)本科畢業(yè),法學(xué)學(xué)士,從事專職律師工作至今19年?,F(xiàn)系盈科全球(北京總部)合伙人,公司業(yè)務(wù)部主任。主張把律師工作的重點放到預(yù)防階段!
【魏鎮(zhèn)勝律師簡介】
2
第一部分合同管理1、合同管理的基本內(nèi)容簽訂歸檔履行檢查歸檔合同法與法律風(fēng)險防范實務(wù)講座課件32、合同簽訂前應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的事項第一:審查簽約對方主體合法性審查2、合同簽訂前應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的事項4★法人與法定代表人的關(guān)系,法定代表人的行為由誰承擔(dān)?對外:法人不是人,法定代表人才是人法定代表人產(chǎn)生的言行由公司(法人)承擔(dān)★公司負(fù)債時股東是否承擔(dān)責(zé)任?不承擔(dān)股東義務(wù):①按公司章程認(rèn)繳出資,在出資范圍內(nèi)對公司承擔(dān)有限責(zé)任。
②股東出資不到位,應(yīng)當(dāng)在出資不到位的額度內(nèi)承擔(dān)填補(bǔ)責(zé)任?!锓ㄈ伺c法定代表人的關(guān)系,法定代表人的行為由誰承擔(dān)?5第二:對簽約方履行合同能力的審查
A資信調(diào)查★B注冊資金≠公司資產(chǎn)
C公司資產(chǎn)=凈資產(chǎn)
D其他:有無不動產(chǎn)投資股權(quán)經(jīng)濟(jì)實體經(jīng)營項目第二:對簽約方履行合同能力的審查A資信調(diào)查63、合同簽訂時應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的事項
第一審查合同條款A(yù):審查管轄條款管轄的法律規(guī)定
★合同糾紛法定管轄----合同履行地、被告住所地
★合同糾紛約定管轄----原告被告標(biāo)的物合同履行地合同簽訂地注意:約定管轄不能違反級別管轄和專屬管轄3、合同簽訂時應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的事項7B:審查違約金條款★違約金:指的是違約行為產(chǎn)生后約定應(yīng)當(dāng)給付守約方的金額?!镔r償金:指的是必須在產(chǎn)生損失以后給付的金額。★區(qū)別:違約金,只要有違約行為即可,不要求有損失的發(fā)生。賠償金要求對方有違約行為,同時還要有證據(jù)證明存在具體的損失。★約定違約金具體要求:細(xì)化違約行為明確違約金數(shù)額違約金不宜約定過高B:審查違約金條款8C:審查定金與預(yù)付款條款什么是定金?什么是訂金?定金與訂金有何區(qū)別?
★定金:在合同訂立或在履行之前支付的一定數(shù)額的金錢作為擔(dān)保的擔(dān)保方式。
★訂金:預(yù)付款
★定金的特點------定金罰則:給付定金的一方違約,無權(quán)要求退還定金,收到定金一方違約,雙倍返還定金。
C:審查定金與預(yù)付款條款9★在簽訂合同時如何巧用定金罰則?
我方存在違約可能,用“訂金”;我方無違約可能,用“定金”?!锒ń鸩荒艹^合同金額的20%★定金與違約金不能同時適用,只能選擇其一D:審查標(biāo)的物是否明確★在簽訂合同時如何巧用定金罰則?10
E:審查付款條款付款原則:作為買方,付款前提條件應(yīng)當(dāng)與貨到交付,安裝、運行、調(diào)試,質(zhì)量驗收為付款前提條件,不能只以時間作為付款前提條件。付款條件:①有安裝的,安裝、調(diào)試、運行正常后;無安裝的,質(zhì)量驗收合格后;
②書面的驗收合格作為付款的前提件。E:審查付款條款11F:審查質(zhì)量異議與驗收條款在設(shè)備購銷合同中,作為買方,必須在合同條款中明確約定:①收到貨物時,對品名、規(guī)格、型號、數(shù)量、包裝外觀驗收和提出異議的方式;②約定質(zhì)量驗收前提、方式,提出質(zhì)量異議的期限和方式;③約定買方申請驗收,賣方不配合的法律后果。
F:審查質(zhì)量異議與驗收條款12第二:簽字與蓋章的問題★①簽訂合同應(yīng)當(dāng)加蓋公章或者合同專用章,不能使用財務(wù)章、發(fā)票專用章?!铫诤炗喓贤瑢Ψ阶詈糜蟹ǘù砣嘶蛘叽砣撕灻⒘羰謾C(jī)號、通信地址,但不簽名不影響合同的效力?!铫蹧]有加蓋公章,只有簽名,必須要法定代表人簽名,或者由對方的代理人簽名,對方代理人必須出具加蓋公章的授權(quán)委托書明確有簽訂合同的權(quán)限。原則上簽訂合同應(yīng)當(dāng)加蓋公章,只有簽名風(fēng)險很大。第二:簽字與蓋章的問題13
★④多頁合同要求加蓋齊騎縫章?!铫輰Ψ絼h改、補(bǔ)充我方標(biāo)準(zhǔn)合同文本條款,應(yīng)按審批流程報批后再簽訂?!铫藓炗喓贤瑫r,最好使用自己準(zhǔn)備好的合同文本,對方提供合同文本,必須核對合同條款,每份合同文本內(nèi)容是否一致。★⑦異地簽訂合同文本,最好對方先加蓋公章,我方收到對方合同文本后再加蓋公章?!铫嘟杩詈贤鳛槌鼋璺阶詈煤炗喗?jīng)過公證具有強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行力的借款合同★④多頁合同要求加蓋齊騎縫章。144、合同履行中應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的事項A、履行合同保留憑證B、對方違約固定證據(jù)C、經(jīng)營情況隨時留意D、關(guān)注時效及時主張E、復(fù)印支票牢記帳號F、發(fā)現(xiàn)風(fēng)險即時處理4、合同履行中應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的事項15★收集錄音證據(jù)注意事項:①對方公司名稱、通話人姓名;②錄音時間,要引導(dǎo)對方說出年月日;③通話前擬定通話內(nèi)容提綱,要證明的錄音內(nèi)容自己少說,盡量讓對方陳述;④重要錄音證據(jù)應(yīng)當(dāng)通過公證處進(jìn)行證據(jù)保全公證。公證處進(jìn)行錄音證據(jù)保全,能夠證明:雙方通話的電話號碼,雙方通話的時間,錄音內(nèi)容客觀真實。因此,通過公證處進(jìn)行的錄音,不需要在錄音中表明時間?!锸占浺糇C據(jù)注意事項:16★對方違約如何固定、收集證據(jù)
1、保留傳真、QQ記錄、微信、短信、錄音已經(jīng)其他書面材料或者電子記錄。
2、收到貨物與約定的品名、規(guī)格、型號、數(shù)量、包裝、外觀不相符,應(yīng)當(dāng):
①在異議期內(nèi),書面提出;提出方式必要時以公證形式辦理郵寄公證;②當(dāng)面交接的,雙方書面確認(rèn)不相符的部分;
③保留物流公司交接書面文件、資料,有數(shù)量、包裝、外觀異議的,應(yīng)當(dāng)在接收文件中注明★對方違約如何固定、收集證據(jù)173、對方未按時安裝調(diào)試設(shè)備如何收集證據(jù)①每次安裝調(diào)試應(yīng)當(dāng)進(jìn)行書面確認(rèn)。書面確認(rèn)內(nèi)容應(yīng)當(dāng)有時間、安裝調(diào)試的部分,對方人員簽名。特別提醒:對方人員應(yīng)當(dāng)有對方的授權(quán)委托書或者在合同中注明對方安裝調(diào)試技術(shù)人員的姓名。
②及時向?qū)Ψ教岢鰰嬉?。③要求對方書面回函對未按時安裝、調(diào)試進(jìn)行書面說明。特別提示:回函要求加蓋公章。3、對方未按時安裝調(diào)試設(shè)備如何收集證據(jù)18
第二部分訴訟實務(wù)與技巧
一、在法院進(jìn)行民事訴訟的流程介紹1、一審立案受理開庭判決2、二審上訴期:判決15日裁定10日3、再審判決生效后2年4、執(zhí)行判決生效后2年合同法與法律風(fēng)險防范實務(wù)講座課件19二、起訴準(zhǔn)備1、原告
A、收集證據(jù)①訴前完善證據(jù),是訴訟取勝的關(guān)鍵;②了解經(jīng)營情況③了解財產(chǎn)狀況(帳號、機(jī)器設(shè)備、庫房)④財產(chǎn)保全問題:訴訟中,在有可能的情況下采取財產(chǎn)保全措施。因此在經(jīng)營中,要了解對方的開戶行和帳號,以及財產(chǎn)情況,特別提醒:對方給付支票的,一定要留存復(fù)印件。
合同法與法律風(fēng)險防范實務(wù)講座課件20
B、勝敗分析
C、確定管轄
D、調(diào)查財產(chǎn)
E、簡化訴狀
F、財產(chǎn)保全
特別提醒:能否成功的采取財產(chǎn)保全措施,是訴訟案件最終取勝的關(guān)鍵。
212、被告
A、管轄異議
B、法院閱卷
C、收集證據(jù)
D、勝敗分析
2、被告22第三部分仲裁基本知識一、仲裁的特點或裁或訴一裁終局二、仲裁的優(yōu)點一裁終局節(jié)省時間提高效力律師費可以要求對方承擔(dān)三、仲裁的缺點仲裁收費高不公平難以救濟(jì)財產(chǎn)保全流程復(fù)雜四、合同中仲裁條款的約定五、仲裁的收費(受理費+處理費)
合同法與法律風(fēng)險防范實務(wù)講座課件231、北京仲裁委員會仲裁案件受理費收費標(biāo)準(zhǔn):
1、北京仲裁委員會仲裁案件受理費收費標(biāo)準(zhǔn):242、北京仲裁委員會仲裁案件處理費收費標(biāo)準(zhǔn):2、北京仲裁委員會仲裁案件處理費收費標(biāo)準(zhǔn):253、仲裁財產(chǎn)保全收費標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
財產(chǎn)數(shù)額不超過1000元或者不涉及財產(chǎn)數(shù)額的,每件交納30元;超過1000元至10萬元的部分,按照1%交納;超過10萬元的部分,按照0.5%交納。但是,當(dāng)事人申請保全措施交納的費用最多不超過5000元。3、仲裁財產(chǎn)保全收費標(biāo)準(zhǔn)26
四、仲裁的流程
27
文書送達(dá)流程:5日受理—10日送達(dá)—15日答辯(反請求)—10日答辯書交申請人選定首席仲裁員和仲裁員:收到仲裁通知之日起5日—15日組庭通知雙方審理方式:不公開開庭審理開庭通知:第一次開庭通知10日(延期開庭申請,庭前5日)仲裁期限:4個月
28五、律師費應(yīng)當(dāng)作為仲裁請求事項合同法與法律風(fēng)險防范實務(wù)講座課件29合同法與法律風(fēng)險防范實務(wù)講座課件30感謝您的下載,特贈送精品文章《體能訓(xùn)練技巧-TRX懸掛訓(xùn)練系統(tǒng)》工作之余鍛煉身體,若不需要請刪除后使用,謝謝您的理解,祝您生意興隆,事業(yè)高攀。RX訓(xùn)練帶是源于美國海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊,剛開始的雛形是以高密度毛巾制成的訓(xùn)練道具,后來,有一名叫蘭迪的美國海豹突擊隊的指揮官,在退役后重新設(shè)計了該套裝備和訓(xùn)練計劃,變成民用的健身課程-------“TRX懸掛訓(xùn)練系統(tǒng)”,整套裝備的主要部分是寬
1.5英寸,額定張力為
1250磅的尼龍繩子,長度范圍從
6英尺調(diào)整至
12英尺,橡膠把手更適應(yīng)雙手抓縛或是雙腳懸掛等地面訓(xùn)練動作,扣鎖由曾用于卡賓槍的材料制成,且易于調(diào)整,其自用不到
2磅,1分鐘就能懸掛妥當(dāng),裝在袋子里便于攜帶到任何地方,可固定在單杠上或卡在門縫里,或系在樹枝上,適合絕大多數(shù)的訓(xùn)練環(huán)境,如果加上啞鈴或健身球一起鍛煉,可增加更高階的難度。
??感謝您的下載,特贈送精品文章《體能RX訓(xùn)練帶是源于美國海軍31懸掛訓(xùn)練:用練習(xí)者自身體重做負(fù)重,能夠允許肌肉在多個平面上做運動,同時保證更多的肌肉和關(guān)節(jié)參與,能夠打造更加結(jié)實的肌肉,穩(wěn)定靈活的關(guān)節(jié),堅固的核心力量和正確的體態(tài),幫助在任何運動項目上獲得更佳的運動表現(xiàn),TRX還是運動康復(fù)的重要手段之一TRX動作解讀:??增加阻力:1.身體角度越大,阻力越大
2.抬起一邊大腿,有助于鍛煉更多平衡力3.離支點越遠(yuǎn),越吃力,對穩(wěn)定性要求越高減低難度:一腿向前踮地,有助于身體減重1.chestpress/flycombo(推胸飛鳥組合):人背向繩子,手臂握住繩子,雙手伸直,肘保持一點彎曲,膝蓋一點點彎曲,兩腿跟肩一樣寬,身體重心微微向前,用胸肌發(fā)力慢慢打開雙手并讓它彎曲到
90度停下,再慢慢還原,然后雙手打開做飛鳥,同時一腳往前踮地,再還原,交替練習(xí)。??懸掛訓(xùn)練:用練習(xí)者自身體重做負(fù)重,能夠允許肌肉在多個平面上做322.chestpress(推胸):人背向繩子,手臂握住繩子,雙手伸直,肘保持一點彎曲,膝蓋一點點彎曲,兩腿跟肩一樣寬,身體重心微微向前,用胸肌發(fā)力慢慢打開雙手并讓它彎曲到
90度停下,再慢慢還原(難度增加:雙腿合并或單腿抬起,或把身體斜度增加)??3.lungefly(弓步飛鳥):1.手臂握住繩子,雙手伸直,肘保持一點彎曲,挺胸收腹,身體重心微向前傾,雙手打開做飛鳥,同時一腳往前踮地。用胸部發(fā)力,再還原4.chestpress-singlelegextended(推胸-單腿伸展):人背向繩子,手臂握住繩子,雙手伸直,肘保持一點彎曲,膝蓋一點點彎曲,一腳撐地,一腳向前抬起,身體重心微微向前,用胸肌發(fā)力慢慢打開雙手并讓它彎曲到
90度停下,再慢慢還原.??2.chestpress(推胸):人背向繩子,手臂握住繩33?5.Suspendedinclinepress-legup(懸浮上斜推-抬腳):雙手撐住地面,一腳勾住繩子,穩(wěn)定腹部,另一腿向上抬靠緊固定腿,然后做俯臥撐。6.Atomicpushup(俯臥撐收腹):雙手撐住地面,雙腳勾住繩子,穩(wěn)定腹部,一下俯臥撐,還原后,雙腳以腹部力量靠向胸部,再慢慢伸直還原,交替練習(xí)。7.backrow(背部劃船):手臂握住繩子,雙手伸直,肘保持一點彎曲,膝蓋一點點彎曲,兩腿跟肩一樣寬,身體重心微微向后,以背部發(fā)力,手臂夾緊身體兩側(cè)往后收,肩胛骨向后夾,把繩子拉到小腹,保持住再慢慢還原(難度增加:雙腿合并或單腿抬起,或把身體斜度增加)?5.Suspendedinclinepress-le34????8.elevatedbackrow(高位劃船):手臂握住繩子,雙手伸直,肘保持一點彎曲,膝蓋一點點彎曲,兩腿跟肩一樣寬,加大身體斜度,以背部發(fā)力,手臂夾緊身體兩側(cè)往后收,肩胛骨向后夾,把繩子拉到小腹,保持住再慢慢還原??9.powerpull-singlearm(力量拉伸-單臂):雙腿分開與肩同寬,單手抓住繩子,張開身體,另一邊手臂繞身體旋轉(zhuǎn)
180度觸摸繩子,完后慢慢還原。10.lowdeltoidfly(低位三角肌飛鳥):手臂握住繩子,掌心向上,雙手伸直向前,肘保持一點彎曲,膝蓋一點點彎曲,兩腿跟肩一樣寬,身體重心微微向后,直手向下向后滑,慢慢還原。????8.elevatedbackrow(高位劃船)3511.‘’T’’deltoidfly(‘t‘型三角肌飛鳥):手臂握住繩子,掌心向上,雙手伸直向前,肘保持一點彎曲,膝蓋一點點彎曲,兩腿跟肩一樣寬,身體重心微微向后,張開雙手與身體呈‘T’型,再慢慢還原(難度增加:把身體斜度增加)12.‘Y’deltoidfly(‘Y’型三角肌飛鳥):手臂握住繩子,掌心向上,雙手伸直向前,肘保持一點彎曲,膝蓋一點點彎曲,兩腿跟肩一樣寬,身體重心微微向后,張開雙手與身體呈‘Y’型,再慢慢還原(難度增加:把身體斜度增加)13.‘W’deltoidfly(‘W’型三角肌飛鳥):手臂握住繩子,掌心向上,雙手伸直向前,肘保持一點彎曲,膝蓋一點點彎曲,兩腿跟肩一樣寬,身體重心微微向后,張開雙手與身體呈‘W’型,再慢慢還原(難度增加:把身體斜度增加)11.‘’T’’deltoidfly(‘t‘型三角肌飛3614.Hightricepspress(高位肱三頭肌彎曲):人背向繩子,手臂向前握住繩子,雙手伸直,肘保持一點彎曲,膝蓋一點點彎曲,兩腿跟肩一樣寬,身體重心微微向前,然后把肘部彎曲,肱三頭肌發(fā)力,再慢慢還原(難度增加:把身體斜度增加)15.Dips(臂屈伸):手臂在身體兩側(cè),雙手握住繩子,雙腿呈箭步姿勢,然后肱三頭肌和胸肌發(fā)力,雙臂彎曲成
90度再慢慢還原(難度增加:把一只腿往后抬或兩腿前放或抬高)16.Highbicepcurl(高位肱二頭肌彎曲):手臂握住繩子,雙手伸直,肘保持一點彎曲,膝蓋一點點彎曲,兩腿跟肩一樣寬,身體重心微微向后,以肱二頭肌發(fā)力,彎曲手臂,再慢慢還原(難度增加:把身體斜度增加)14.Hightricepspress(高位肱三頭肌彎37Therearemomentsinlifewhenyoumisssomeonesomuchthatyoujustwanttopickthemfromyourdreamsandhugthemforreal!Dreamwhatyouwanttodream;gowhereyouwanttogo;bewhyouwanttobe,becauseyouhaveonlyonelifeandonechancetodoallthethingsyouwanttodo.?Mayyouhaveenoughhappinesstomakeyousweet,enoughtrialstomakeyoustrong,enoughsorrowtokeepyouhuman,enoughhopetomakeyouhappy?Alwaysputyourselfinothers’shoes.Ifyoufeelthatithurtsyou,itprobablyhurtstheotherperson,too.?Thehappiestofpeopledon’tnecessarilyhavethebestofeverything;theyjustmakethemostofeverythingthatcomesalongtheirway.Happinessliesforthosewhocry,thosewhohurt,thosewhohavesearched,andthosewhohavetried,foronlytheycanappreciatetheimportanceofpeoplewhohavetouchedtheirlives.Lovebeginswithasmile,growswithakissandendswithatear.Thebrightestfuturewillalwaysbebasedonaforgottenpast,youcan’tgoonwellinlifeuntilyouletgoofyourpastfailuresandheartaches.?Whenyouwereborn,youwerecryingandeveryonearoundyouwassmiling.Liveyourlifesothatwhenyoudie,you'retheonewhoissmilingandeveryonearoundyouiscryig.Pleasesendthismessagetothosepeoplewhomeansomethingtoyou,tothosewhohavetouchedyourlifeinonewayoranother,tothosewhomakeyousmilewhenyoureallyneedit,tothosethatmakeyouseethebrightersideofthingswhenyouarereallydown,tothosewhoyouwanttoletthemknowthatyouappreciatetheirfriendship.Andifyoudon’t,don’tworry,nothingbadwillhappentoyou,youwilljustmissoutontheopportunitytobrightensomeone’sdaywiththismessage.Sincewewenttoschool,wehaveaccesstoEnglishallthetime,becauseitisoneofthenecessarysubjects.Beforeweattendcollege,wekeepourattentiononthegrammar,butnowcollegemeansthenewstageandweshouldpayattentiontopracticalEnglish.Herearesomesuggestions.First,itisimportanttospeakoutloudly.ThepurposeoflearningEnglishistocommunicatewithforeigners,soastogettoknowmoreabouttheworld.Grammarisnottheonlythingwecareabout.WhatweshoulddoistoopenourmouthsandimproveourabilitytousespokenEnglish.Itbeginswithreadingtextbooks.Whenwelistentothetapesandrepeatmanytimes,thenourd.PresidentTrump,asheoftendoes,hadafewthingstosayAfteradmittingthathehadbeenlonelyovertheholidays,TrumptookadvantageofhisfirstpublicappearanceofthenewyearWednesdaytoairlingeringgrievances,makemultiplefalseclaimsandreinforcerecentdecisionsthathaverattledfinancialmarketsandhisparty’sleaders.Asheheldforthformorethan90minutesbeforeasmallpoolofTherearemomentsinlifewhen38本文為
Word版資料,可以任意修改編輯。如果你看到我上傳的資料這個后綴,請刪除后使用。高效學(xué)習(xí)方法和技巧學(xué)習(xí)需要方法,找到適合自己的方法,學(xué)習(xí)才能事半功倍。接下來,我結(jié)合我自己的學(xué)習(xí)情況,給大家總結(jié)的高效學(xué)習(xí)《五部曲》一、預(yù)習(xí)是學(xué)習(xí)的重要環(huán)節(jié)上課前充分預(yù)習(xí),考試前充分地復(fù)習(xí),與“打有準(zhǔn)備之仗”有同曲之道。預(yù)習(xí)效果好,聽課才能有針對性;聽課有針對性,復(fù)習(xí)才能順利進(jìn)行;復(fù)習(xí)深刻,作業(yè)、考試才能得心應(yīng)手。所以說預(yù)習(xí)是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)過程中一個必不可少的環(huán)節(jié)。???二、掌握好高效的聽課方法課上集中精力聽課,是掌握知識的捷徑。聽講時,思想上必須與老師講解的思路保持一致,聽老師對事物是怎樣分析、推理;聽老師解決問題是用什么方法、技巧;聽老師對問題有哪些提問和解釋。這樣才能把握住聽課的重點。聽講中,要把自己在預(yù)習(xí)中的理解,和老師講解的相比較,看自己和老師有哪些相同點和區(qū)別點。???三、合理安排復(fù)習(xí)時間很多科學(xué)家通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn),有幾個時間段有利于鞏固記憶:一是學(xué)習(xí)后最初幾分鐘內(nèi),電生理活動引起蛋白質(zhì)的合成;二是學(xué)習(xí)后在
48小時內(nèi)復(fù)習(xí);三是一周之后腦突觸發(fā)生永久性變化。根據(jù)人在學(xué)習(xí)過程中這一生理變化,采用復(fù)習(xí)加強(qiáng)記憶就顯得特別重要了。如果我們能夠在學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容即將忘記時進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí),那么復(fù)習(xí)的效果最好,效率也最高。著名的心理學(xué)家艾賓浩斯通過實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)了人的記憶與遺忘規(guī)律。實驗證明:在學(xué)習(xí)僅過了
20分鐘后,就忘記記憶內(nèi)容的
42%,1天后忘卻量已經(jīng)達(dá)到了
66%,到了第
31天,忘卻量高達(dá)79%。他根據(jù)實驗結(jié)果,畫成了著名的遺忘曲線。并表明遺忘的規(guī)律是“先快后慢”。這條規(guī)律提示我們,—定要盡早、及時地對所學(xué)知識進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí),以便在知識還在大腦內(nèi)時就加深印記,否則大腦中已經(jīng)沒有痕跡了,只能再費精力重學(xué)。合理安排復(fù)習(xí)時間特別重要并且必要,制定復(fù)習(xí)計劃,嚴(yán)格按精英特計劃執(zhí)行,并力求形成習(xí)慣,是我們每一位學(xué)生都應(yīng)該力求努力做到。?我們?yōu)槭裁匆獜?fù)習(xí)呢?因為我們記憶效果沒有那么好,不可能過目不忘,所以需要重復(fù)、增強(qiáng)記憶。同時,復(fù)習(xí)的進(jìn)展也有利于學(xué)習(xí)效率的提高。???四、做作業(yè)的科學(xué)方法這里有七種做作業(yè)的技巧:??1、先復(fù)習(xí)后做作業(yè)。復(fù)習(xí)是做好作業(yè)的關(guān)鍵,只有復(fù)習(xí)得好,作業(yè)才能做得好。做作業(yè)前先把老師這一節(jié)課所講的內(nèi)容認(rèn)真地看一看,弄清楚基本原理和概念后再去做作業(yè),作業(yè)才能做得既快又好。??2、認(rèn)真審題。
做作業(yè)最關(guān)鍵的—步就是審題,連題都判斷錯了,作業(yè)內(nèi)容就全錯了。首先第—步要弄清楚題目的內(nèi)容,所給的條件,什么要求,需要聯(lián)系哪些知識等等;其次是考慮好解題思路、方法、步驟,要善于把—道題分成幾部分,化大為小、化難為易、分清其中的已知和未知,弄清各部分的聯(lián)系,設(shè)計好整個解題步驟,—定要讓自己做到不明白題意不做題,不清楚方法步驟不下筆。??3、細(xì)心的做題。
做題是表達(dá)思路的全過程,這個過程要求既動腦、又動手。做題的關(guān)鍵是要保證“規(guī)范”、“準(zhǔn)確”。要做到這兩點就要求學(xué)生認(rèn)真的抄好題,書寫格式必須正確、規(guī)范,嚴(yán)格按照各類題的解題要求,仔細(xì)演算解題的每—步,得出正確的結(jié)果。只有平時做題認(rèn)真細(xì)致,步驟完整,思路正確,表達(dá)嚴(yán)密,準(zhǔn)確無誤,考試時才能按照這種良好的習(xí)慣進(jìn)行??五、重視錯題積累在學(xué)習(xí)的過程中,同學(xué)們可能遇到過一錯再錯的現(xiàn)象究其原因,多數(shù)是由于在學(xué)習(xí)中不求甚解,不注意總結(jié)積累所致。那么,該怎么辦呢?實踐證明,自編一本“易錯題集”是避免做題一錯再錯的最好辦法。錯題本的復(fù)習(xí)方法:1、每周把該周錯題本中記錄的題目快速瀏覽一遍;2、每月把該月錯題本中記錄的題目再快速瀏覽一遍;3、每個季度把錯題本中三個月記錄的題目再快速瀏覽一遍;4、大考前把該錯題本中的所有題目認(rèn)真復(fù)習(xí)一遍,確保題不二錯↓←≠¥θ¥?÷㎝②¥◎…ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰???¥$§|β↓×√㎜ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰?↓←≠¥θ¥?÷㎝??¥$§|β↓×√㎜②¥◎…ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰?ɡ?≥≧¥◎…ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰?ɡ?≥≧-¥???¥$§|β↓×√㎜??¥$§|β↓×√㎜↓←≠¥θ¥?÷㎝②¥◎…ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰???¥$§|β↓×√㎜ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰?↓←≠¥θ¥?÷㎝??¥$§|β↓×√㎜②¥◎…ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰?ɡ?≥≧¥◎…ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰?ɡ?≥≧-¥???¥$§|β↓×√㎜??¥$§|β↓×√㎜≧ɑ←‰ɡ?≥←‰???↓←≠¥θ¥?÷㎝②¥◎…ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰???¥$§|β↓×√㎜ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰?↓←≠¥θ¥?÷㎝??¥$§|β↓×√㎜②¥◎…ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰?ɡ?≥≧¥◎…ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰?ɡ?≥≧-¥???¥$§|β↓×√㎜??¥$§|β↓×√㎜¥$§|β↓×√㎜??¥$§|β↓×√㎜¥$§|β↓×√㎜??¥$§|β↓×√㎜↓×√㎜↓←②¥←‰???←‰???←‰???←‰???←‰???←‰??↓←≠¥θ¥?÷㎝②¥◎…ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰???¥$§|β↓×√㎜ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰?↓←≠¥θ¥?÷㎝??¥$§|β↓×√㎜②¥◎…ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰?ɡ?≥≧¥◎…ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰?ɡ?≥≧-¥???¥$§|β↓×√㎜??¥$§|β↓×√㎜¥$§|β↓×√㎜??¥$§|β↓×√㎜¥$§|β↓×√㎜??¥$§|β↓×√㎜↓×√㎜↓←②¥←‰???←‰???←‰???←‰???←‰???←‰???↓←≠¥θ¥?÷㎝②¥◎…ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰???¥$§|β↓×√㎜ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰?↓←≠¥θ¥?÷㎝??¥$§|β↓×√㎜②¥◎…ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰?ɡ?≥≧¥◎…ɡ?≥≧ɑ←‰?ɡ?≥≧-¥???¥$§|β↓×√㎜??¥$§|β↓×√㎜¥$§|β↓×√㎜??¥$§|β↓×√精編資料
歡迎下載Therearemomentsinlifewhenyoumisssomeonesomuchthatyoujustwanttopickthemfromyourdreamsandhugthemforreal!Dreamwhatyouwanttodream;gowhereyouwanttogo;bewhatyouwanttobe,becauseyouhaveonlyonelifeandonechancetodoallthethingsyouwanttodo.?Mayyouhaveenoughhappinesstomakeyousweet,enoughtrialstomakeyoustrong,enoughsorrowtokeepyouhuman,enoughhopetomakeyouhappy?Alwaysputyourselfinothers’shoes.Ifyoufeelthatithurtsyou,itprobablyhurtstheotherperson,too.?Thehappiestofpeopledon’tnecessarilyhavethebestofeverything;theyjustmakethemostofeverythingthatcomesalongtheirway.Happinessliesforthosewhocry,thosewhohurt,thosewhohavesearched,andthosewhohavetried,foronlytheycanappreciatetheimportanceofpeoplewhohavetouchedtheirlives.Lovebeginswithasmile,growswithakissandendswithatear.Thebrightestfuturewillalwaysbebasedonaforgottenpast,youcan’tgoonwellinlifeuntilyouletgoofyourpastfailuresandheartaches.?Whenyouwereborn,youwerecryingandeveryonearoundyouwassmiling.Liveyourlifesothatwhenyoudie,you'retheonewhoissmilingandeveryonearoundyouiscryig.Pleasesendthismessagetothosepeoplewhomeansomethingtoyou,tothosewhohavetouchedyourlifeinonewayoranother,tothosewhomakeyousmilewhenyoureallyneedit,tothosethatmakeyouseethebrightersideofthingswhenyouarereallydown,tothosewhoyouwanttoletthemknowthatyouappreciatetheirfriendship.Andifyoudon’t,don’tworry,nothingbadwillhappentoyou,youwilljustmissoutontheopportunitytobrightensomeone’sdaywiththismessage.Sincewewenttoschool,wehaveaccesstoEnglishallthetime,becauseitisoneofthenecessarysubjects.Beforeweattendcollege,wekeepourattentiononthegrammar,butnowcollegemeansthenewstageandweshouldpayattentiontopracticalEnglish.Herearesomesuggestions.First,itisimportanttospeakoutloudly.ThepurposeoflearningEnglishistocommunicatewithforeigners,soastogettoknowmoreabouttheworld.Grammarisnottheonlythingwecareabout.WhatweshoulddoistoopenourmouthsandimproveourabilitytousespokenEnglish.Itbeginswithreadingtextbooks.Whenwelistentothetapesandrepeatmanytimes,thenourd.PresidentTrump,asheoftendoes,hadafewthingstosayAfteradmittingthathehadbeenlonelyovertheholidays,TrumptookadvantageofhisfirstpublicappearanceofthenewyearWednesdaytoairlingeringgrievances,makemultiplefalseclaimsandreinforcerecentdecisionsthathaverattledfinancialmarketsandhisparty’sleaders.Asheheldforthformorethan90minutesbeforeasmallpoolofreportersandphotographers,membersofhisCabinet,ostensiblycalledtotheWhiteHouseforameeting,satquietlyaroundalongconferencetable.TrumpdefendedhisdecisionlastmonthtowithdrawU.S.troopsfromSyriaandsharplycutthedeploymenttoAfghanistan,movesthatdisturbedRepublicanalliesinCongressandpromptedtheresignationofDefenseSecretaryJamesN.Mattis.Indoingso,hecontradictedhisownrecentclaimthattheU.S.hadachieveditsobjectivesoftotalvictoryoverIslamicStatemilitantsinSyria.“Look,wedon'twantSyria,”hecontinued.“We'retalkingaboutsandanddeath.That'swhatwe'retalkingabout.We'renottalkingaboutvastwealth.We'retalkingaboutsandanddeath,”hesaid,seeminglycontrastingthewar-wrackedcountrywithIraqanditsvastoilreserves.Iran“candowhattheywantthere,frankly,”headded,acommentlikelytounnerveofficialsinIsrael,whohaveworriedthataU.S.withdrawalfromitspositionsineasternSyriawouldallowIrantoexpanditsinfluencethere.“It’snotmyfault,”hesaid.“Ididn’tputusthere.”TrumpofferedlittlefurtherclarityontheU.S.withdrawalfromSyria,whichheinitiallysaidwouldtakeplacein30days,sayingnowthatthepulloutwill“takeplaceoveraperiodoftime.”Later,inalongriffaboutAfghanistan,TrumpseemedtoendorseMoscow’s1979invasionofthecountry—anactthattheU.S.viewedasanattempttospreadcommunismandwagedalong,covertoperationtocombatduringtheCarterandReaganadministrations.“ThereasonRussiawasinAfghanistanwasbecauseterroristsweregoingintoRussia,”Trumpsaid,makingacasetoleavethepolicingofhotspotsintheMideastandCentralAsiatocountriesintheregion.“Theywererighttobethere.Theproblemisitwasatoughfight.”TheSovietUnioneventuallywasbankruptedbyitsAfghanwar,Trumpadded.“RussiausedtobetheSovietUnion.AfghanistanmadeitRussia,becausetheywentbankruptfightinginAfghanistan.”HistoriansgenerallyagreethattheRussianinvasionandsubsequentoccupationofmuchofAfghanistanwasoneofseveralfactorsthatcontributedtothecollapseoftheSovietUnion,althoughthecountryneverwentbankrupt.Foryears,RepublicanshavecreditedPresidentReaganwithbringinganendtotheSovietUnionbyhisaggressiveincreaseinU.S.militaryspending.Trump’scommentsstoodinstarkcontrasttotheviewMattisespousedintheresignationletterhepresentedlastmonthafterfailingtoconvincethepresidenttoholdoffonwithdrawingfromSyria.“Wemustdoeverythingpossibletoadvanceaninternationalorderthatismostconducivetooursecurity,prosperityandvalues,andwearestrengthenedinthiseffortbythesolidarityofouralliances,”Mattiswrote.Mattis’commentsclearlystungTrump,whorespondedlastmonthwithcriticismofhisformerPentagonchief.OnWednesday,hesteppedthatup,claimingthathefiredMattis.“What'shedoneforme?HowhadhedoneinAfghanistan?Nottoogood,”Trumpsaid.“Asyouknow,PresidentObamafiredhim,andessentiallysodidI.”O(jiān)bamadidnotfireMattis,althoughthegeneraldidretireseveralmonthsearlyin2013fromhispositionastheheadofthemilitary’sCentralCommandafterdissentingfromObamaadministrationpolicydecisions.TuesdaywasMattis’finaldayatthePentagon.Trump,inafitofpiqueaftertheresignationletterbecamepublic,hadmovedupMattis’terminationdateInadditiontohisforeignpolicycomments,TrumpalsodownplayedDecember’sstockmarketlosses,whicherasedallpositivegainsfortheyear,as“alittleglitch”andasserted—wrongly—thatthereare“probably30-35million”immigrantsintheU.S.illegally.ThenonpartisanPewResearchCenterestimatesthatasof2016,therewere10.7millionunauthorizedimmigrantslivinginthecountry,anumberthathasdeclinedinrecentyears.TrumprepeatedhiscallforDemocratstoagreeto$5.6billioninfundingforaborderwall,andexpressedsurprisenottohavereceivedoverturesfromthemovertheholidaystonegotiateanendtothegovernmentshutdown.“IwasintheWhiteHouseallbymyselfforsixorsevendays,”hesaid.“Itwasverylonely.MyfamilywasdowninFlorida.Isaid,‘Staythereandenjoyyourself.’IfeltIshouldbeherejustincasepeoplewantedtocomeandnegotiatethebordersecurity.”Trump,whometlaterinthedaywithcongressionalleadersawayfromTVcameras,hasalreadydismissedafundingproposalfromHouseDemocraticleaderNancyPelosithatincludes$1.3billioninbordersecurityfunding.Whileleavingthedooropentoacompromise,Trumpcontinuedtoarguefortheimportanceofawall,pointingtootherexamplesofbarriers.HeincorrectlyassertedthatObama’sWashingtonresidenceissurroundedbya10-footwallandcitedtheVatican,whichhesaid“hasthebiggestwallofthemall.”“Whentheysaythewallisimmoral,thenyoubetterdosomethingabouttheVatican,”hesaid.“Wallswork.”AsTrumpspoke,a“GameofThrones”-stylemovieposterteasingIransanctions—“SANCTIONSARECOMING,”itread—layunfurledacrossthetabledirectlyinfrontofhim.Buthemadenoremarksonthesubject.Hedid,however,commentonSen.-electMittRomneyofUtah,whowroteintheWashingtonPostonTuesdaythathewastroubledbyTrump’s“deepdescentinDecember”andthathisdeficitin“presidentialleadershipinqualitiesofcharacter…h(huán)asbeenmostglaring.”“IwishMittcouldbemoreofateamplayer,”Trumpsaid.“Andifhe’snot,that’sOKtoo.”SeemingtowarnRomneyaboutthefatethatliesaheadforRepublicanlawmakerswhovocallycriticizehimandhispresidency,Trumpboastedthathe“gotridof”formerSens.JeffFlakeofArizonaandBobCorkerofTennessee,bothofwhomoptednottoseeknewtermslastyear.Accusingbothmenofseekingpublicityintakingstandsagainsthim,TrumpsuggestedthatFlakewouldbeseekingajobasapaidcablenewscontributor—orperhapsinanotherprofessionthatTrumphimselfonceplied.“JeffFlakeisnowsellingrealestateorwhateverhe’sdoing,”hesaiddismissively.Therearemomentsinlifewhenyoumisssomeonesomuchthatyoujustwanttopickthemfromyourdreamsandhugthemforreal!Dreamwhatyouwanttodream;gowhereyouwanttogo;bewhatyouwanttobe,becauseyouhaveonlyonelifeandonechancetodoallthethingsyouwanttodo.?Mayyouhaveenoughhappinesstomakeyousweet,enoughtrialstomakeyoustrong,enoughsorrowtokeepyouhuman,enoughhopetomakeyouhappy?Alwaysputyourselfinothers’shoes.Ifyoufeelthatithurtsyou,itprobablyhurtstheotherperson,too.?Thehappiestofpeopledon’tnecessarilyhavethebestofeverything;theyjustmakethemostofeverythingthatcomesalongtheirway.Happinessliesforthosewhocry,thosewhohurt,thosewhohavesearched,andthosewhohavetried,foronlytheycanappreciatetheimportanceofpeoplewhohavetouchedtheirlives.Lovebeginswithasmile,growswithakissandendswithatear.Thebrightestfuturewillalwaysbebasedonaforgottenpast,youcan’tgoonwellinlifeuntilyouletgoofyourpastfailuresandheartaches.?Whenyouwereborn,youwerecryingandeveryonearoundyouwassmiling.Liveyourlifesothatwhenyoudie,you'retheonewhoissmilingandeveryonearoundyouiscryig.Pleasesendthismessagetothosepeoplewhomeansomethingtoyou,tothosewhohavetouchedyourlifeinonewayoranother,tothosewhomakeyousmilewhenyoureallyneedit,tothosethatmakeyouseethebrightersideofthingswhenyouarereallydown,tothosewhoyouwanttoletthemknowthatyouappreciatetheirfriendship.Andifyoudon’t,don’tworry,nothingbadwillhappentoyou,youwilljustmissoutontheopportunitytobrightensomeone’sdaywiththismessage.Sincewewenttoschool,wehaveaccesstoEnglishallthetime,becauseitisoneofthenecessarysubjects.Beforeweattendcollege,wekeepourattentiononthegrammar,butnowcollegemeansthenewstageandweshouldpayattentiontopracticalEnglish.Herearesomesuggestions.First,itisimportanttospeakoutloudly.ThepurposeoflearningEnglishistocommunicatewithforeigners,soastogettoknowmoreabouttheworld.Grammarisnottheonlythingwecareabout.WhatweshoulddoistoopenourmouthsandimproveourabilitytousespokenEnglish.Itbeginswithreadingtextbooks.Whenwelistentothetapesandrepeatmanytimes,thenourd.PresidentTrump,asheoftendoes,hadafewthingstosayAfteradmittingthathehadbeenlonelyovertheholidays,TrumptookadvantageofhisfirstpublicappearanceofthenewyearWednesdaytoairlingeringgrievances,makemultiplefalseclaimsandreinforcerecentdecisionsthathaverattledfinancialmarketsandhisparty’sleaders.Asheheldforthformorethan90minutesbeforeasmallpoolofreportersandphotographers,membersofhisCabinet,ostensiblycalledtotheWhiteHouseforameeting,satquietlyaroundalongconferencetable.TrumpdefendedhisdecisionlastmonthtowithdrawU.S.troopsfromSyriaandsharplycutthedeploymenttoAfghanistan,movesthatdisturbedRepublicanalliesinCongressandpromptedtheresignationofDefenseSecretaryJamesN.Mattis.Indoingso,hecontradictedhisownrecentclaimthattheU.S.hadachieveditsobjectivesoftotalvictoryoverIslamicStatemilitantsinSyria.“Look,wedon'twantSyria,”hecontinued.“We'retalkingaboutsandanddeath.That'swhatwe'retalkingabout.We'renottalkingaboutvastwealth.We'retalkingaboutsandanddeath,”hesaid,seeminglycontrastingthewar-wrackedcountrywithIraqanditsvastoilreserves.Iran“candowhattheywantthere,frankly,”headded,acommentlikelytounnerveofficialsinIsrael,whohaveworriedthataU.S.withdrawalfromitspositionsineasternSyriawouldallowIrantoexpanditsinfluencethere.“It’snotmyfault,”hesaid.“Ididn’tputusthere.”TrumpofferedlittlefurtherclarityontheU.S.withdrawalfromSyria,whichheinitiallysaidwouldtake
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