高考英語閱讀課課件

高三英語專題復(fù)習(xí)

閱讀理解

都昌一中巢曉芳高三英語閱讀理解1高考閱讀理解常見題型A.Mainideas★★★

B.Guessthemeaning★★★C.Details★D.Inference&judgment

★★

高考閱讀理解常見題型A.Mainideas★★★2主旨大意題---MainIdeas

主旨大意類題型主要測(cè)試學(xué)生對(duì)文章全面理解和概括的能力，提問的內(nèi)容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意。一般不易在文中直接找到答案。主旨大意題3Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskills(讀寫能力).Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence(自信心),accordingtoIntermountainTherapyAnimals(ITA)inSaltLakeCity.Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinchildren,withtheintroductionofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs(READ).TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea.“Literacyspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup,oftenhavelowerself-respect,andregardreadingasaheadache,”saidLisaMyron,managerofthechildren’sdepartment.LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted“DogDayAfternoon”inthechildren’sdepartmentofthemainlibrary.About25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturday-afternoonclasses,readingforhalfanhour.Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda“pawgraphed”bookatthelastclass.TheprogramwassosuccessfulthatthelibraryplanstorepeatitinApril,accordingtoDanaThumpowsky,publicrelationsmanager.Exampleandsuccessoftheprogram59.Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?A.Children’sreadingdifficulties.B.Advantagesofraisingdogs.C.Serviceinapubliclibrary.D.Aspecialreadingprogram.______________________________________________________________________________高考題重現(xiàn)Exampleandsuccessofthepro4方法指導(dǎo)

1、確定主題句；（如：“forexample”“first”“second”等之前的句子中或者“allinall”“aboveall”等之后的句子后。）2、文章“著墨”最多的點(diǎn)即文章的主旨意。Return方法指導(dǎo)1、確定主題句；Return5Howtofindthetopicsentences?Featuresofthetopicsentences：1).相對(duì)于其他句子，它表達(dá)的意思比較概括；

2).主題句一般結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單；3).段落中其他句子必定是用來解釋、支撐或發(fā)展相互題句所表達(dá)的思想的。Howtofindthetopicsentence6Example1

Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven'teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast--foods:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.（1）主題句在段首

一個(gè)主題句常常是一個(gè)段落的開頭，其后的句子則是論證性細(xì)節(jié)。練中學(xué)—————————————————————————Example1（1）主題句在段首練中學(xué)————————7練中學(xué)Example2Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.

(2)主題句也會(huì)出現(xiàn)在段尾。作者先擺出事實(shí)依據(jù),層層推理論證,最后自然得出結(jié)論,即段落的主題?！氈袑W(xué)Example2(2)主題句也會(huì)出現(xiàn)在段尾。作者先擺8Example3

Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.(3)在短文中間

主題句也可以安排在段中間,此時(shí)前面只提出問題，文中的主題由其后陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出,然后再作進(jìn)一步的解釋,支持或發(fā)展.練中學(xué)_______________________________________________________________________________Example3(3)在短文中間

主題句也可以安排在段9如何考?1.Whatisthetopicofthetext?(NMET’93)2.Thetextismainlyabout____.(NMET’95)3.What’sthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?(NMET’98)4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?(2004全國(guó))如何考?1.Whatisthetopicofthe10I:

Englishisclearlyaninternationallanguage.Itisspokenbypilotsandairportcontroloperatorsonalltheairwaysoftheworld.Over70percentoftheworld'sradioprogramsareinEnglish.

本段主題句為首句,其后的內(nèi)容均說明首句。

Pleasefindoutthekeysentenceofthefollowingpassages.鞏固練習(xí)————————————————————————————————————————I:Englishisclearlyaninte11

II.JustasIsettledowntoreadorwatchtelevision,hedemandsthatIplaywithhim.IfIgetatelephonecall,hescreamsinthebackgroundorknockssomethingover.Ialwayshavetohanguptofindoutwhat'swrongwithhim.Baby-sittingwithmylittlebrotherisnofun.Herefusestoletmeeatasnackinpeace.UsuallyhewantshalfofwhateverIhavetoeat.Then,whenhefinallygrowstired,ittakesaboutanhourforhimtofallasleep.有時(shí)段落是先介紹背景和細(xì)節(jié)，接著用一句綜合或概括性的話概括前面所說的內(nèi)容或事例，然后再圍繞主題展開對(duì)有關(guān)問題的深入討論。___________________________________________________________II.JustasIsettledownt12ALittleGame（腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎）1.Whichtravelsfaster,heatorcold?

Heat.Becauseyoucancatchacold.2.WheredoesFridaycomebeforeThursday?

Inthedictionary.

3.It’syours,butothersuseitmorethanyoudo.Whatisit?

Yourname.

ALittleGame（腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎）1.Whicht13猜測(cè)詞義題

—Guessthemeaning在閱讀中常要求學(xué)生猜測(cè)某些單詞或短語的意思,詞義的猜測(cè)貫穿在文章的閱讀理解之中。歷年高考中均有此類題目。猜測(cè)詞義題

—Guessthemeaning14生活常識(shí)上下文對(duì)比轉(zhuǎn)折因果關(guān)系同位關(guān)系同義詞反義詞構(gòu)詞法定義猜Return方法指導(dǎo)生活上下文對(duì)比因果同位同義詞構(gòu)詞法定義猜Return方法指導(dǎo)15高考題重現(xiàn)Thewholefamilyhadexperiencedsuchastormbeforeandeveryonerememberedthedamageithadcausedtostockandcrops．Therewasverylittlewecoulddoaboutthecorps.Butweneededtoprotecttheanimalsincasetheriverfloodedagain．Myolderbrothercalledhissheep-dogandbegandrivingoursmallflockofsheeptohighergroundaboveriver．Iftheriverflooded，theyshouldbesafethere．58．Theunderlinedword"stock"inthethirdparagraphrefersto_________.A.moneyownedbythefamilyB．goodsforsaleC.suppliesforfamilyuseD．farmanimals(06江西卷)________________________________________________________________________1.上下文高考題重現(xiàn)Thewholefamilyha16Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.2.定義法

定義或釋義關(guān)系常由定語從句或由is，or，thatis(tosay),inotherwords，becalled，beknownas,bedefinedas等詞匯或破折號(hào)來表示

小結(jié)牧人練中學(xué)2.定義法定義或釋義關(guān)系常由定語從句或由is，17

Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditional

love,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmental

listenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence.(2003NMET)unconditional:nonjudgmental:無條件的，絕對(duì)的沒有判斷力的3.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法：合成、派生（前綴、后綴）、轉(zhuǎn)化等練中學(xué)Withtheirshiningb18disinmisunnon否定前綴recominioversuperprepostviceentele其它前綴重復(fù)共同,平等小過度超出---后副的使--可能遠(yuǎn)程---前常用前綴dis否定前綴re其它前綴重復(fù)共同,平等小過度超出---后副19嫁妝Inolddays,whengirlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands,theyexpectedtobringwiththemselvesalargequantityofdowry.

練中學(xué)4.生活常識(shí)嫁妝Inolddays,whengirls205.根據(jù)同義詞，反義詞關(guān)系Ifyouagree,write“Yes”;ifyoudissent,write“No”.and,or,suchas,like，forexample,forinstance常連接同義詞組。小結(jié)disagree練中學(xué)5.根據(jù)同義詞，反義詞關(guān)系Ifyouagree,216.根據(jù)同位語語言學(xué)3.AlexanderGrahamBellwasbornin1874inEdinburgh,Scotland.Hisfatherwasanexpertinphonetics,

thestudyofthesoundsoflanguage.練中學(xué)6.根據(jù)同位語語言學(xué)3.AlexanderGr22Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossed

inherreading.7.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系小結(jié)belostin

常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，so,so…that,such…thattherefore等)表示前因后果。練中學(xué)Shedidnothearwhatyo238.根據(jù)對(duì)比和轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系

Althoughtheearlymorninghadbeenverycool,thenoondaysunwastropical.

表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞常有如but,while,however,insteadof,ratherthan,unlike,yet,otherwise,though

onthecontrary等。小結(jié)hot練中學(xué)8.根據(jù)對(duì)比和轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系A(chǔ)lthoughthee24如何考?1.Theunderlinedphrase“inheritabletrait”inparagraph2means_____(2006天津）2.Bydescribinglionsas“opportunists”inthefirstparagraph,theauthormeanstosaythatlions______(2006安徽)3.Theunderlinedword“this”refersto______(2006浙江)4.Theunderlinedword“l(fā)and”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans____(04全國(guó)).如何考?1.Theunderlinedphrase“25事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題--Details

即常見的“wh”問題。它們大多是根據(jù)文章中的具體信息如事實(shí)、例證、原因、過程、論述等進(jìn)行提問的。有些問題可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些則要在理解的基礎(chǔ)上將有關(guān)內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化才能找到，比如計(jì)算、排序、是非判斷、圖形比較等。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題26

AgiantdamwasbuiltmanyyearsagotocontroltheColoradoRiverintheU.S.Thisdamwasbuilttoprotectthelandandhousesaroundtheriver.ThishugedamisintheBlackCanyon.Itispossibletodriveacarfromonesideoftherivertotheotheronaroad，whichisonthetopofthedam.Thisdamissobigthatthereisanelevatorinside.Theelevatorgoesdownforty-fourstoriesfromtheroadtothebottom.ThereisenoughconcreteinthisdamtobuildahighwayfromNewYorktoSanFrancisco.Thousandsofpeopleworkedonthisdamforfiveyears.ThishugedamwascalledBoulderDamwhenitwasfinishedin1936.LateritwasrenamedHooverDaminhonorofapresidentoftheUnitedStates.HooverDam，oneofthehighestdamsintheworld，issituatedbetweenthestatesofArizonaandNevada.Q：WheredoesHooverDamlie______?A.betweenArizonaandNevada B.intheBlackCanyonC.betweenNewYorkandSanFrancisco D.bothAandB在解答這類問題時(shí)要求抓住題干文字信息，采用針對(duì)性方法進(jìn)行閱讀。

高考題重現(xiàn)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Agiantdamwasbuiltman27方法指導(dǎo)1).明確題意，順藤摸瓜。2).按照要求，尋找答案來源。3).找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞，明白其暗示作用。4).多讀原文，正確使用排除法。return方法指導(dǎo)1).明確題意，順藤摸瓜。2).按照要求，尋找答案來28如何考?1.Whichofthefollowingistrue/false/mentioned?2.Whatdoesthewriterpayleastattentionto?3.Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage.4.Allofthefollowingstatementsmaybetrueexcept___.5.Whichofthefollowingisnottheresultof……如何考?1.Whichofthefollowingi29InvitedbyMr.YeHuixian,hostofthewellreceivedTVprogramme“StarsTonight”，MissLuoLin,MissAsiaof1991，appearedastheguesthostessontheShanghaiTVscreenlastSunday.BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold，LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition,shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.However，itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage,dancing,singing,making-upandotherpropermanners,designedbytheAsiaTVStation.“It’sreallyahardjobforme.Iwon’tenterforsuchcompetitionanymore.Anyhow,Iamquitelucky.IamalsogladtohavehadmorechancetoworkforthesocialwelfaresinceIwonthetitle.Thistime,inShanghai,I'dlovetomakeadeepimpressiononmyTVaudience,"saidLuoLinwithasweetsmile.Q：WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.B.LuoLinmovedtoHongKongwithherparents.C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.練中學(xué)InvitedbyMr.YeHuix30推測(cè)判斷題

--Judgement縱觀全文，在掌握各項(xiàng)信息的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行正確的邏輯推理，推斷作者的意圖；人物的動(dòng)機(jī)、目的、性格特征；事件的前因后果；語言中的語氣等。推測(cè)判斷題

--Judgement縱觀全文，在掌握各31

Onedayamanwalkedintoapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant，“Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches(蟑螂)andtwospiders.”“Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor?”theshopassistantwasverysurprised.“Well，”repliedtheman，“I’mmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlordinsiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.”Q：Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintothehouse,itwas______.A.verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsects_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________高考題重現(xiàn)______________________________32方法指導(dǎo)A.利用已知信息，進(jìn)行邏輯推理B.結(jié)合一般常識(shí)，分析提供信息C.注意表層意思，悟出深層含義在做判斷推理題時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇“全面而不籠統(tǒng)、具體而不片面”的答案，而就事論事以及含有絕對(duì)單詞的結(jié)論一般都是錯(cuò)誤的.return方法指導(dǎo)A.利用已知信息，進(jìn)行邏輯推理return33如何考?1.FromthetextweknowthatDagmarismostlikely____.(NMET’96)2.Whichofthefollowingmighthavehappenedafterwards?(NMET’91)3.Thistextismostprobablytakenfroma___.(NMET94)4.Inthewriter’sopinion,agoodstageschoolshould____.(NMET’99)5.Thistextmostprobablyappearsin___.(2004全國(guó)Ⅱ）如何考?1.Fromthetextweknowth34

Daylightsavingtime(DST)hasbeenintroducedthissummerThisyearDSTbeganonMay4.Butnextyear,“SummerTime”willbeginonthefirstSundayinApril.Clocksandothertimepiecesweresetaheadonehourat2:00AMonSunday,May4sothat2:00AMbecame3:00AM.Theyshouldturnbackonehourat2:00AMonSunday,September14.Thenewtimeisexpectedtosaveoneandahalfbillionkilowatthours（千瓦小時(shí)）ofelectricityperyearacrossthecountry.Thenewsystemcouldalsohelppeopleformthegoodhabitofgettingupandgoingtobedearly,thusraisingtheirworkandstudyefficiency(效率).DuringtheDSTperiod,theactualdeparture(發(fā)車)timeoftrainsremainsunchanged,buttheirscheduleshavebeensetonehourlate.Q:Accordingtothepassage,weknowthat________peopleshouldturntheirclocksbackonehourthatyear.A.in132daysB.in133daysC.in134daysD.in4months解析：應(yīng)根據(jù)基本的日歷常識(shí)來進(jìn)行推算。5月剩27天，6月30天，7月31天，8月31天，9月14天。即：27+30+31+31+14=133（天）鞏固練習(xí)———————————————————————————————————————————————————————