高考英語(yǔ)閱讀技巧訓(xùn)練課件

高考英語(yǔ)閱讀技巧高考英語(yǔ)閱讀技巧1CONTENTCONTENT2高考閱讀4篇——30分，25%題材多樣，包括日常生活，傳說(shuō)，人物，社會(huì)，文化，史地，科技，政治，經(jīng)濟(jì)等；體裁多樣，應(yīng)包括記敘文，描寫(xiě)文，說(shuō)明文，議論文，應(yīng)用文等。

高考閱讀4篇——30分，25%3難點(diǎn)一——詞匯障礙生詞，熟詞生義下題中劃線的詞可換為：NewYork,10November,5:27p.m.,yesterday.Biggestpowerfailureinthecity’shistory.A.enoughB.notpassingC.lackofD.lack分析：本題正確答案為D。failure是fail變來(lái)的名詞，有“失??；失敗者；失敗的事”的意思。本句powerfailure可翻譯為“停電”。再如：cropfailure“莊稼欠收”；heartfailure“心力衰竭”。難點(diǎn)一——詞匯障礙生詞，熟詞生義4猜詞義法一——構(gòu)詞法Exhibitionofficialssaidthatapersonbittenbyoneofthesesnakeswouldneedatleast80mlofananti-poisonmedicinetobesaved.分析：anti-poison是由poison加前綴anti-構(gòu)成的，anti-意思是“反對(duì)、排斥、抵抗”，由此可猜出anti-poison是“解毒、抗毒”的意思。AlthoughsimplifiedChinesecharacterswereacceptedforusemanyyearsago,itseemsthatmoreandmorepeoplelikeChinesecharactersinthecomplexform.分析：simplified跟simple是同根詞，帶有-ed顯然是過(guò)去分詞形式的形容詞。許多年以前我們采用了什么跟“簡(jiǎn)單”有關(guān)的漢字呢？不難想到是“簡(jiǎn)化的”漢字。猜詞義法一——構(gòu)詞法Exhibitionofficials5猜詞義法二——利用常識(shí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.Theunderlinedphrase“moppingup”inthesecondparagraphmeans_______.A.cleaningupB.takinginC.wipingoutD.givingup分析：本題正確答案為B。由常識(shí)可知，雨林可以“吸收”空氣中CO2。所以mopup意為“吸收、吸納”，故選B。猜詞義法二——利用常識(shí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)Rainforestslike6猜詞義法三——利用詞性轉(zhuǎn)換TheagingofthepopulationwillaffectAmericansocietyinmanyways-education,medicine,andbusiness.Theunderlinedwork“aging”means______.A.countingthenumberofyearssomeonelivesB.thenumbersofyearssomeonelivesC.becomingolderD.makingsomeonelookingolder分析：本題正確答案為C。我們熟悉的是age作名詞用時(shí)是“年齡”的意思，而此處是作動(dòng)詞用，意思是“老化”。猜詞義法三——利用詞性轉(zhuǎn)換Theagingofthe7難點(diǎn)二——閱讀速度慢About>2000words,60words/min,<45min閱讀方法——耗費(fèi)時(shí)間干擾項(xiàng)

難點(diǎn)二——閱讀速度慢About>2000words,68閱讀方法一——先看題目首先，分清是客觀信息題還是主觀判斷題其次，找出題眼，快速定位最后，能迅速了解文章內(nèi)容，有利于排除干擾項(xiàng)（1）是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容（2）符合常識(shí)，但不是文章內(nèi)容（3）與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似，只是在程度上有些變動(dòng)（4）在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反（5）部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤

閱讀方法一——先看題目首先，分清是客觀信息題還是主觀判斷題9閱讀方法二——略讀，細(xì)讀略讀（skimming）——找關(guān)鍵詞，找主題句，對(duì)名稱、日期、地點(diǎn)多加留意細(xì)讀（scanning）——根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，題眼找細(xì)節(jié)閱讀方法二——略讀，細(xì)讀略讀（skimming）——找關(guān)鍵詞10閱讀方法三——把握文章特點(diǎn)記敘文——人物，時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，按事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、結(jié)局展開(kāi)議論文——論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、結(jié)論說(shuō)明文——下定義，舉例子應(yīng)用文——廣告、手冊(cè)，提供信息，縮略詞，語(yǔ)法簡(jiǎn)略，找關(guān)鍵詞

閱讀方法三——把握文章特點(diǎn)記敘文——人物，時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，按事件11題型主旨題（包括加標(biāo)題）細(xì)節(jié)題字面理解題推斷題（包括詞義，句義，觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度）題型主旨題（包括加標(biāo)題）12主旨題Questionforms:Themainidea/keypoint/purpose/subjectmatterofthispassageisthat_________.Fromthepassagewelearn/canconcludethat________.Thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwith_________.What’sthebesttitle/headlineforthepassage?Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?Skills:

Findouttopic/keysentences主旨題Questionforms:13主題句找法：文章開(kāi)頭，結(jié)尾，中間（歸納，演繹）由若干中心句合并組成并無(wú)明顯中心句，需要自己概括主題句找法：文章開(kāi)頭，結(jié)尾，中間（歸納，演繹）142009年A篇Thereisnoconvincingevidencethatsocialconditioning,thefactthatgirls'motherstalkedthemmore,isthereasonwhygirlstalkmorethanboys.PsychiatristDrMichaelLewis,authorSocialBehaviourandLanguageAcquisition,conductedexperimentsthatfoundmotherstalked

toandlookedat,babygirlsmoreoftenthanbabyboys.Scientificevidenceshowsparentsresthebrainbiasoftheirchildren.Sinceagirl'sbrainisbetterorganizedtosendandreceivespeech,wethereforetalktothemmore.Consequently,motherswhotrytotalktotheirsonsareusuallypointedtoreceiveonlyshortgruntsinreply.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusmost?A.Women'sbrainsarebetterorganizedforlanguageandcommunicationB.Womenlovetotalkbecausetheyaremoresociablethanmen.C.Mendonotliketalkingbecausetheyrelymoreonfacts.D.Socialconditioningisnotthereasonwhywomenlovetalking.選(A)2009年A篇Thereisnoconvincing15練一練Manypeoplethinkatelephoneisessential.ButIthinkit’sapestandatimewaster.Veryoftenyoufinditimpossibletoescapefromsomeidleorcuriouschatterbox,orfromsomebodywhowantssomethingfornothing.Ifyouhaveatelephoneinyourownhouse,youwilladmitthatittendstoringwhenyouareasleep,ofinthemiddleofamealoraconversation,orwhenyouarejustgoingout,orwhenyouaretakingyourbath.Areyoustrong-mindedenoughtoignoreit,tosaytoyourself,“Ah,well,itwillallbethesameinahundredyear’stime?”Youarenot.Youthinktherearemaybesomeimportantnewsormessagesforyou.Icanassureyouthatifamessageisreallyimportantitwillreachyousoonerorlater.Haven’tyoueverrusheddrippingfromthebath,orchewingfromthetable,ordazedfromthebed,onlytobetoldthatyouareawrongnumber?Butyouwillsay,youneednothaveyournameprintedinthetelephonedirectory,andyoucanhaveatelephonewhichisonlyunableforoutgoingcalls.Besidesyouwillsay,isn’titimportanttohaveatelephoneincaseofemergency-illness,anaccident,orfire?Ofcourseyouareright,buthereinathicklypopulatedcountrylikeEngland,oneisseldomfarfromatelephoneincaseofdreadfulnecessity.IthinkperhapsIhadbettertrytojustifymyselfbytryingtoprovethatwhatIlikeisgood.Iadmitthatindifferentcircumstances-IfyouwereabusinessVIP,forinstance,orabedriddenperson-Imightfindatelephoneessential.ButthenifIwereataxidriver,Ishouldfindacaressential.Letmeputitanotherway:therearetwothingsforwhichtheEnglishseemtoshowparticulartalent.Oneismechanicalinvention,theotherisliterature.MyownbusinesshappenstobewiththeuseofwordsbutIseeImustnowstopusingthem.ForIhavejustbeenhandedaslipofpapertosaythatsomebodyiswaitingtospeaktomeonthetelephone.IthinkIhadbetteranswerit.Afterall,oneneverknows,itmaybesomethingimportant.練一練Manypeoplethinkatelepho16

THEPASSAGEISMAINLYABOUT______.A.thatweshouldbestrongenoughtoignoreaphonecallB.thatimportantmessagewillreachyousoonerorlaterC.whetherit’snecessarytoansweralltelephonecallsD.whetheritisnecessarytohaveatelephone分析：文章每一自然段的主題句分別是：1.Manypeoplethinkatelephoneisessential.ButIthinkit’sapestandatimewaster.2.…butinathicklypopulatedcountrylikeEngland,oneisseldomfarfromatelephoneincaseofdreadfulnecessity.3.IthinkperhapsIhadbettertrytojustifymyselfbytryingtoprovethatwhatIlikeisgood.4.Letmeputitanotherway.

都是圍繞是否有必要擁有電話而展開(kāi)的，作者的觀點(diǎn)很明確，就是沒(méi)有必要擁有一部電話機(jī)，因此本題應(yīng)選D。THEPASSAGEISMAINLYABOUT_17加標(biāo)題2011年A篇加標(biāo)題2011年A篇18分析：第一段由愛(ài)迪生、貝爾等著名發(fā)明家說(shuō)起，引申到發(fā)明雨刮器、交通燈等這些不太有名的發(fā)明者，提出問(wèn)題“難道我們不應(yīng)該了解他們么？”揭示了整篇的主題。第二段列舉一位專門(mén)搜集整理發(fā)明家及其發(fā)明的研究者，解釋這項(xiàng)工作的意義，那就是有助于激發(fā)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造性。第三段回顧雨刮器的發(fā)明過(guò)程。第四段總結(jié)這些不起眼的發(fā)明對(duì)我們生活的影響。全篇都以雨刮器為例，講述這項(xiàng)發(fā)明的來(lái)龍去脈以及意義所在，A項(xiàng)“幫助學(xué)生推銷發(fā)明”文中沒(méi)提到，B項(xiàng)與文章有關(guān)，但發(fā)明的方法不是本文重點(diǎn)，D項(xiàng)“是否應(yīng)該在大學(xué)中推廣發(fā)明課程”雖然與文章相關(guān)，但這個(gè)題目應(yīng)該著重闡述發(fā)明課程的利弊，這顯然與文章中雨刮器發(fā)明相差甚遠(yuǎn)，而C項(xiàng)緊扣第一段末尾的問(wèn)題，故正確。分析：第一段由愛(ài)迪生、貝爾等著名發(fā)明家說(shuō)起，引申到發(fā)明雨刮器19細(xì)節(jié)題要求考生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行理解。大都根據(jù)文章中的具體信息如事實(shí)、例證、原因、過(guò)程、論述等進(jìn)行提問(wèn)的。有些可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些需要在理解的基礎(chǔ)上將有關(guān)內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化才能找到，比如計(jì)算、排序、是非判斷、圖形比較等。解題時(shí)，不必通篇細(xì)看，可采取“帶著問(wèn)題找答案”的方法，先從問(wèn)題中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語(yǔ)，以此為線索。想快速地辨認(rèn)和記憶事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)，就要恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用略讀及細(xì)讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問(wèn)題相關(guān)的段落、語(yǔ)句，對(duì)照比較，確定答案。細(xì)節(jié)題要求考生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行理解。大都20QUESTIONFORMS:1.特殊疑問(wèn)句形式：Accordingtothepassage,who/what/which/when/Where/why/how/howmany/howmuch/howlong/Howsoon/often…2.是非題形式：true/false或except?Accordingtothepassage,Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT_____.3.填空題形式，如：（1）Toavoidattractingmountainlions,peopleareadvised_____

（2）Bythefirstsentenceofthepassagetheauthormeansthat_____（3）Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon_____.（4）Ifyouareinterestedinknowingaboutwhatpeople’slifewillbe,youmayvisit_____.（5）Thepolicemanwhosaid“Goodevening”toRollswantedto_____.

QUESTIONFORMS:1.特殊疑問(wèn)句形式：Accor212009年C篇——TRANSPORTGUIDEWecanlearnfromthepassagethat：A．Busesarescheduledasusualonweekendsandpublicholidays.B．RegularstudentsatQUTneedtobuyadulttickets.C．PrepaidticketscanbeboughtfromthePublicTransportInformationCentre.D．Ten-tripSaverscanbeusedatoff-peaktime.2009年C篇——TRANSPORTGUIDEWecan22A．Busesarescheduledasusualonweekendsandpublicholidays(X)TEXT:

Onweekendsandpublicholidaysbusesoperatelessfrequently.A．Busesarescheduledasusual23B．RegularstudentsatQUTneedtobuyadulttickets.

(X)TEXT:

Short-termstudentsatQUTcannotusetheirIDcardstogainadiscountfareonBCCpublictransport．B．RegularstudentsatQUTneed24C．Pre-paidticketscanbeboughtfromthePublicTransportInformationCentre.(X)TEXT:Pre-paidbusticketscanbepurchasedfromtheQUTbookshop，thecampusnewsagency,mostothernewsagenciesandgeneralstores，andanyBCCCustomerServiceCentre.Transportroutes,timetablesandfareinformationareavailablefromPTIC.C．Pre-paidticketscanbeboug25D．Ten-tripSaverscanbeusedatoff-peaktime.

(O)Text:Ten-tripSaver:10tripsatanytimewithinthezonesonbusesandferriesonly．D．Ten-tripSaverscanbeused26練一練

HousepricesinEnglandincreasedsharplybetween1971and1972.ThefollowingrecordshowmuchahouseinCehlseaLondon,hadriseninpricesince1955.TakeNo29SmithTerraceforexample.In1955,JaneGreysolditfor￡2000.Mrs.BowenaBlackboughtitfor￡4900andsolditnineyearslatertoBillandGreenWhitefor￡22950.Nowfouryearslater,in1972,thehouseisvaluedat￡30000.1.Thepriceofthehousewas____ashighin1972asintheyearJaneGreysoldit.A.abouttentimesB.twiceC.150percentD.fifteentimes

2.Mrs.BowenaBlackmadeaprofitof____.A.￡2900B.￡8050C.￡7050D.￡18050練一練HousepricesinEngland27字面理解題推斷詞義，句義理解語(yǔ)境，順蔓摸瓜Questionforms:Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_________.Theword“…”mostlikelymeans_________.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?Bysaying“…”wemean_________.“…”,asusedinthepassage,canbestbedefinedas_________.字面理解題推斷詞義，句義282010年A篇Somefamilynamesweremadebyaddingsomethingtothefather’sname.English-speakingpeopleadded–sor–son.TheJohnsonaredescendantsofJohn,theRobertfamily’sancestorwasRobert.IrishandScottishpeopleaddedMacorMcorO.PerhapsalloftheMacDonnellsandtheMcdonnellsandtheO’DonnellsaredescendantsofthesameDonnell.Theunderlinedword“descendants”inthelastparagraphmeansaperson’s______.A.latergenerationB.friendandrelativesC.colleaguesandpartnersD.latersponsors(A)2010年A篇Somefamilynameswere29練一練Appletreesmaygrowastallastwelvemeters.Theydobestinareasthathaveverycoldwinters.Althoughnofruitis

yielded

duringthewinter,thiscoldperiodisgoodforthetree.Thewordyieldedinthelastsentencemeans____A.improvedB.increasedC.producedD.sold選(C)Thiskindofflowerthrivesinthisareabecausetheweatheriswarm,thesoilisexcellentandthereisalotofrain.A.growswellB.makesafewflowersC.diesD.failstogrow選(A)練一練Appletreesmaygrowastal30邏輯推斷題對(duì)作者意圖、人物動(dòng)機(jī)、事物發(fā)展趨勢(shì)、因果關(guān)系做出合理推斷。通篇閱讀，不能斷章取義；找出線索，不能憑空臆測(cè)。邏輯推斷題對(duì)作者意圖、人物動(dòng)機(jī)、事物發(fā)展趨勢(shì)、因果關(guān)系做出合31QUESTIONFORMS:常以infer，imply，indicate，suggest，conclude，learn，intendmean，describe，purpose等詞提問(wèn)；或含有表推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，can，could，might，would等和其他表示可能性的動(dòng)詞，如probably，mostlikely等。Itcanbeinferred/concluded/seenfromthepassagethat_________.Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanwedrawaccordingtothepassage?Thepassageimplies,butdoesn’tdirectlystatethat_________.Thewritersuggeststhat_________.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthetoneofthepassage?Thewriter’spurposeinwritingthistextis________.QUESTIONFORMS:常以infer，imply，i32第一招——注意連詞使用英語(yǔ)注重文章的結(jié)構(gòu)性，漢語(yǔ)注重文章的邏輯性，所以英語(yǔ)中多用介詞、連詞，用來(lái)表示順序、因果關(guān)系，連詞在保持文章連貫銜接，表達(dá)作者意圖方面起著重要作用，請(qǐng)?bào)w會(huì)：Neartheendofthelastyearinmiddleschool，mydadtookmetothewildliferefuge.Heneededtogetsomealligatorbloodtodotheexperiment.Atfirst，Ithoughtfishingforalligatorswasabadidea.Whatifonetriedtoeatme？But

wehadalotofhelp，andmydadknewalotaboutalligators，soitwasOK.Whydidthewriterthinkthatfishingforalligatorswasabadideaatfirst？A.Becausethewriterwasafraidofthefiercealligators.B.Becauseweshouldprotectalligators.C.Becausethewriterwasnotasbraveashisfather.D.Becausethewriterknewlittleaboutalligators.第一招——注意連詞使用英語(yǔ)注重文章的結(jié)構(gòu)性，漢語(yǔ)注重文章的邏33分析：通過(guò)第一句可知這是倒敘。我們知道了結(jié)果：作者去了野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)。接下來(lái)是作者當(dāng)初由反感、害怕到最后打消顧慮同意去。都是通過(guò)連接詞atfirst，but，so等展開(kāi)的。弄清了作者的思想波動(dòng)就不難選出正確答案A了分析：通過(guò)第一句可知這是倒敘。我們知道了結(jié)果：作者去了野生動(dòng)34第二招——注意某些形容詞和特殊句式透過(guò)一些形容詞可以看出作者的傾向，如：Isn'tthatwonderfulifwegettherebyair？(作者希望坐飛機(jī)去那里。)某些句型表面看上去是比較級(jí)，而實(shí)際上是最高級(jí)含義。Mymotherdecidedtotakemeonthetrip.Itcouldn'tbebetter.(Itcouldn'tbebetter=It'sgreat.意為“太好了”)某些否定形式的句子實(shí)際上是肯定含義：Wecannotemphasizetheimportanceofprotectingourenvironmenttoomuch.(再怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)保護(hù)環(huán)境的重要性也不過(guò)分。)作者以這樣的句子體現(xiàn)自己的觀點(diǎn)：必須加大力度保護(hù)環(huán)境。注意虛擬語(yǔ)氣的使用。HowIwishIhadpassedthedrivingtest.(我多么希望已通過(guò)了駕照考試呀！)此句暗含的事實(shí)是：并沒(méi)通過(guò)考試。第二招——注意某些形容詞和特殊句式透過(guò)一些形容詞可以看出作者35第三招——利用語(yǔ)境的褒貶性進(jìn)行推斷2010年D篇——High-speedRailway69.Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetowardsChina’shigh-speedrailwayplan?A.CriticalB.ReservedC.DoubtfulD.PositiveText:1.Imagine,oneday,gettingoutofbedinBeijingandbeingatyourofficeinShanghaiinonlyacoupleofhours,andthen,afterafulldayofwork,goingbackhometoBeijingandhavingdinnerthere.Soundsunusual,doesn’tit?Butit’snotthatunrealistic.第三招——利用語(yǔ)境的褒貶性進(jìn)行推斷2010年D篇——High362.ForChina,suchaprojectwouldnotonlyconnectitwiththerestofAsiaandbringsomemuch-neededresources,butwouldalsohelpdevelopChina’sfarwest.分析：第一句中的only突出高鐵的快捷，unusual和unrealistic表示對(duì)高鐵速度之快的驚嘆，第二句中helpdevelopChina’sfarwest說(shuō)明高鐵能促進(jìn)中國(guó)西部發(fā)展，這些都表明了作者對(duì)高鐵工程的肯定和期盼，顯然是褒義，所以選D.Positive。2.ForChina,suchaprojectw37練一練Isitpossibletopersuademankindtolivewithoutwar?Warhasexistedforatleastsixthousandyears.Itwasalwaysevilandusuallyfoolish,butinthepastthehumanracemanagedtolivewithit.Modernskillhaschangedthis.Eithermanwillendwar,orwarwillendman.Forthepresent,itisnuclearweapons(核武器)thatcausethegreatestdanger,butbacteriologicalorchemicalweaponsmay,beforelong,offeranevengreaterthreat.Ifwesucceededinstoppingwar,therewouldbenodangerforus.Todothis,weneedtopersuademankindtolookuponinternationalquestionsinanewway,notbycontestsofforce,inwhichthevictorygoestothesidewhichismostskillfulinkillingpeople,butbytalkinginaccordancewithagreedrulesoflaw.Itisnoteasytochangeoldmentalhabits,butthisiswhatmustbeattempted.Somepeopleholdcompletely