閱讀理解真題考研英語

閱讀理解真題考研英語上下文、時間、空間、情景、對象、話語前提等與詞匯使用有關(guān)的都是語境因素。大家需要留心一點，同個單詞在不同的語言環(huán)境、抑或和不同的詞匯搭配，就有產(chǎn)生不同含義。下文是我為你細心編輯整理的閱讀理解真題考研英語，盼望對你有所關(guān)心，更多內(nèi)容，請點擊相關(guān)我查看，感謝!

閱讀理解真題考研英語1

Text3

Anyfair-mindedassessmentofthedangersofthedealbetweenBritainsNationalHealthService(NHS)andDeepMindmuststartbyacknowledgingthatbothsidesmeanwell.DeepMindisoneoftheleadingartificialintelligence(AI)paniesintheworld.Thepotentialofthisworkappliedtohealthcareisverygreat,butitcouldalsoleadtofurtherconcentrationofpowerinthetechgiants.ItIsagainstthatbackgroundthattheinformationmissioner,ElizabethDenham,hasissuedherdamningverdictagainsttheRoyalFreehospitaltrustundertheNHS,whichhandedovertoDeepMindtherecordsof1.6millionpatientsIn2024onthebasisofavagueagreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccountofthepatientsrightsandtheirexpectationsofprivacy.

DeepMindhasalmostapologized.TheNHStrusthasmendeditsways.Furtherarrangements-andtheremaybemany-betweentheNHSandDeepMindwillbecarefullyscrutinisedtoensurethatallnecessarypermissionshavebeenaskedofpatientsandallunnecessarydatahasbeencleaned.Therearelessonsaboutinformedpatientconsenttolearn.Butprivacyisnottheonlyangleinthiscaseandnoteventhemostimportant.MsDenhamchosetoconcentratetheblameontheNHStrust,sinceunderexistinglawit“controlled”thedataandDeepMindmerely“processedit.Butthisdistinctionmissesthepointthatitisprocessingandaggregation,notthemerepossessionofbits,thatgivesthedatavalue.

Thegreatquestioniswhoshouldbenefitfromtheanalysisofallthedatathatourlivesnowgenerate.Privacylawbuildsontheconceptofdamagetoanindividualfromidentifiableknowledgeaboutthem.Thatmissesthewaythesurveillanceeconomyworks.Thedataofanindividualtheregainsitsvalueonlywhenitisparedwiththedataofcountlessmillionsmore.

Theuseofprivacylawtocurbthetechgiantsinthisinstancefeelsslightlymaladapted.Thispracticedoesnotaddresstherealworry.ItisnotenoughtosaythatthealgorithmsDeepMinddevelopswillbenefitpatientsandsavelives.Whatmattersisthattheywillbelongtoaprivatemonopolywhichdevelopedthemusingpublicresources.Ifsoftwarepromisestosavelivesonthescalethatdugsnowcan,bigdatamaybeexpectedtobehaveasabigpharmhasdone.Wearestillatthebeginningofthisrevolutionandsmallchoicesnowmayturnouttohavegiganticconsequenceslater.Alongstrugglewillbeneededtoavoidafutureofdigitalfeudalism.MsDenhamsreportisawelestart.

31.WhaistrueoftheagreementbetweentheNHSandDeepMind?

Itcausedconflictsamongtechgiants.

Itfailedtopaydueattentiontopatient’srights.

Itfellshortofthelattersexpectations

Itputbothsidesintoadangeroussituation.

32.TheNHStrustrespondedtoDenhamsverdictwith

emptypromises.

toughresistance.

necessaryadjustments.

sincereapologies.

33.TheauthorarguesinParagraph2that

privacyprotectionmustbesecuredatallcosts.

leakingpatientsdataisworsethansellingit.

makingprofitsfrompatientsdataisillegal.

thevalueofdataesfromtheprocessingofit

34.Accordingtothelastparagraph,therealworryarisingfromthisdealis

theviciousrivalryamongbigpharmas.

theineffectiveenforcementofprivacylaw.

theuncontrolleduseofnewsoftware.

themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants.

35.TheauthorsattitudetowardtheapplicationofAItohealthcareis

ambiguous.

cautious.

appreciative.

contemptuous.

閱讀理解真題考研英語2

Text3

Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.Whiletraditional“paid”media–suchastelevisionmercialsandprintadvertisements–stillplayamajorrole，paniestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate“owned”mediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.Thewayconsumersnowapproachthebroadrangeoffactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.

Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownproducts.Forearnedmedia，suchmarketersactastheinitiatorforusers‘responses.Butinsomecases，onemarketer’sownedmediabeeanothermarketer‘spaidmedia–forinstance，whenane-merceretailersellsadspaceonitsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthatotherorganizationsplacetheircontentore-merceengineswithinthatenvironment.Thistrend，whichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancy，effectivelybeganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesandhotelsandwillnodoubtgofurther.JohnsonJohnson，forexample，hascreatedBabyCenter，astand-alonemediapropertythatpromotesplementaryandevenpetitiveproducts.Besidesgeneratingine，thepresenceofothermarketersmakesthesiteseemobjective，givespaniesopportunitiestolearnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofotherpanies’marketing，andmayhelpexpandusertrafficforallpaniesconcerned.

Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmore(andmorediverse)municationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsinquicker，morevisible，andmuchmoredamagingways.Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearnedmedia：anassetorcampaignbeeshostagetoconsumers，otherstakeholders，oractivistswhomakenegativeallegationsaboutabrandorproduct.Membersofsocialnetworks，forinstance，arelearningthattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressureonthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem.

Ifthathappens，passionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeotherstoboycottproducts，puttingthereputationofthetargetpanyatrisk.Insuchacase，thepany‘sresponsemaynotbesufficientlyquickorthoughtful，andthelearningcurvehasbeensteep.ToyotaMotor，forexample，alleviatedsomeofthedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlierthisyearwitharelativelyquickandwell-orchestratedsocial-mediaresponsecampaign，whichincludedeffortstoengagewithconsumersdirectlyonsitessuchasTwitterandthesocial-newssiteDigg.

31.Consumersmaycreate“earned”mediawhentheyare

obscssedwithonlineshoppingatcertainWebsites.

inspiredbyproduct-promotinge-mailssenttothem.

eagertohelptheirfriendspromotequalityproducts.

enthusiasticaboutremendingtheirfavoriteproducts.

32.AccordingtoParagraph2，soldmediafeature

asafebusinessenvironment.

randompetition.

strongusertraffic.

flexibilityinorganization.

33.TheauthorindicatesinParagraph3thatearnedmedia

inviteconstantconflictswithpassionateconsumers.

canbeusedtoproducenegativeeffectsinmarketing.

mayberesponsibleforfiercerpetition.

deserveallthenegativementsaboutthem.

34.ToyotaMotor‘sexperienceiscitedasanexampleof

respondingeffectivelytohijackedmedia.

persuadingcustomersintoboycottingproducts.

cooperatingwithsupportiveconsumers.

takingadvantageofhijackedmedia.

35.Whichofthefollowingisthetextmainlyabout?

Alternativestoconventionalpaidmedia.

Conflictbetweenhijackedandearnedmedia.

Dominanceofhijackedmedia.

Popularityofownedmedia.

閱讀理解真題考研英語3

Text3

Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketopandemicflutoclimatechange.Youmightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto.

Butsuchgloominessismisplaced.Thefossilrecordshowsthatmanyspecieshaveenduredformillionsofyears-sowhyshouldntwe?Takeabroaderlookatourspeciesplaceintheuniverse,anditbeesclearthatwehaveanexcellentchanceofsurvivingfortens,ifnothundreds,ofthousandsofyears(see100,000AD:Livinginthedeepfuture).LookupHomosapiensintheIUCNsRedListofthreatenedspecies,andyouwillread:ListedasLeastConcernasthespeciesisverywidelydistributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,andtherearenomajorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline.

Sowhatdoesourdeepfuturehold?Agrowingnumberofresearchersandorganisationsarenowthinkingseriouslyaboutthatquestion.Forexample,theLongNowFoundation,basedinSanFrancisco,hascreatedaforumwherethinkersandscientistsareinvitedtoprojecttheimplicationsoftheirideasoververylongtimescales.Itsflagshipprojectisamechanicalclock,burieddeepinsideamountaininTexas,thatisdesignedtostillbemarkingtimethousandsofyearshence.

Thentherearescientistswhoaregivingseriousconsiderationtotheideathatweshouldrecogniseanewgeologicalera:theAnthropocene.They,too,arepullingthecamerarightbackandaskingwhathumanitysimpactwillbeontheplanet-inthecontextofstratigraphictime.

Perhapsperversely,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture.Thepotentialevolutionoftodaystechnology,anditssocialconsequences,isdazzlinglyplicated,anditsperhapsbestlefttoscience-fictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.ThatsonereasonwhywehavelaunchedArc,anewpublicationdedicatedtothenearfuture.

Buttakealongerviewandthereisasurprisingamountthatwecansaywithconsiderableassurance.Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture:wehavenowidentifiedenoughofthelong-termpatternsshapingthehistoryoftheplanet,andourspecies,tomakeevidence-basedforecastsaboutthesituationsinwhichourdescendantswillfindthemselves.

Thislongperspectivemakesthepessimisticviewofourprospectsseemmorelikelytobeapassingfad.Tobesure,thefutureisnotallrosy:whileourspeciesmayflourish,agreatmanyindividualsmaynot.Butwearenowknowledgeableenoughtomitigatemanyoftherisksthatthreatenedtheexistenceofearlierhumans,andtoimprovethelotofthosetoe.Thinkingaboutourplaceindeeptimeisagoodwaytofocusonthechallengesthatconfrontustoday,andtomakeafutureworthlivingin.

31.Ourvisionofthefutureusedtobeinspiredby

ourdesireforaresoffulfillment

ourfaithinscienceandteched

ourawarenessofpotentialrisks

ourbdiefinequalopportunity

32.TheIUCN“RodList”suggestthathumanbeingson

asustainedspecies

theword’sdeminantpower

athreattotheenvironment

amisplacedrace

33.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph5?

Archelpslimitthescopeoffuturologicalstudies.

Technologyofferssolutionstosocialproblem.

Theinterestinsciencefictionisontherise.

OurImmediatefutureishardtoconceive.

34.Toensurethefutureofmankind,itiscrucialto

exploreourplanet’sabundantresources.

adoptanoptimisticviewoftheworld.

drawonourexperiencefromthepast.

curbourambitiontoreshapehistory.

35.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

UncertaintyaboutOurFuture

EvolutionoftheHumanSpecies

TheEver-brightProspectsofMankind.

Science,TechnologyandHumanity.

閱讀理解真題考研英語4

Text3

TheUS$3-millionFundamentalphysicsprizeisindeedaninterestingexperiment,asAlexanderPolyakovsaidwhenheacceptedthisyear’sawardinMarch.Anditisfarfromtheonlyoneofitstype.AsaNewsFeaturearticleinNaturediscusses,astringoflucrativeawardsforresearchershavejoinedtheNobelPrizesinrecentyears.Many,liketheFundamentalPhysicsPrize,arefundedfromthetelephone-number-sizedbankaccountsofInternetentrepreneurs.Thesebenefactorshavesucceededintheirchosenfields,theysay,andtheywanttousetheirwealthtodrawattentiontothosewhohavesucceededinscience.

What’snottolike?Quitealot,accordingtoahandfulofscientistsquotedintheNewsFeature.Youcannotbuyclass,astheoldsayinggoes,andtheseupstartentrepreneurscannotbuytheirprizestheprestigeoftheNobels,Thenewawardsareanexerciseinself-promotionforthosebehindthem,sayscientists.Theycoulddistorttheachievement-basedsystemofpeer-review-ledresearch.Theycouldcementthestatusquoofpeer-reviewedresearch.Theydonotfundpeer-reviewedresearch.Theyperpetuatethemythofthelonegenius.

Thegoalsoftheprize-giversseemasscatteredasthecriticism.Somewanttoshock,otherstodrawpeopleintoscience,ortobetterrewardthosewhohavemadetheircareersinresearch.

AsNaturehaspointedoutbefore,therearesomelegitimateconcernsabouthowscienceprizes—bothnewandold—aredistributed.TheBreakthroughPrizeinLifeSciences,launchedthisyear,takesanunrepresentativeviewofwhatthelifesciencesinclude.ButtheNobelFoundation’slimitofthreerecipientsperprize,eachofwhommuststillbeliving,haslongbeenoutgrownbythecollaborativenatureofmodernresearch—aswillbedemonstratedbytheinevitablerowoverwhoisignoredwhenitestoacknowledgingthediscoveryoftheHiggsboson.TheNobelswere,ofcourse,themselvessetupbyaveryrichindividualwhohaddecidedwhathewantedtodowithhisownmoney.Time,ratherthanintention,hasgiventhemlegitimacy.

Asmuchassomescientistsmayplaina